Oldest people

This is a list of tables of the oldest people in the world in ordinal ranks. To avoid including false or unconfirmed claims of extreme old age, names here are restricted to supercentenarian (aged over 110 years old) whose age has been validated by an international body that specifically deals in longevity research, such as the Gerontology Research Group (GRG) or Guinness World Records (GWR) or people who are otherwise notable enough for a Wikipedia article whose birthdate is otherwise well established.

The longest unambiguously documented human lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who lived to the age of 122 years, 164 days. She met Vincent van Gogh when she was 12 or 13.[1] She received news media attention in 1985, after turning 110. Subsequent investigation found documentation for Calment's age, beyond any reasonable question, in the records of her native city, Arles, France.[2] More evidence of Calment's lifespan has been produced than for any other supercentenarian; her case serves as an archetype in the methodology for verifying the ages of the world's oldest people.[3]

As women live longer than men on average, combined records for both sexes are dominated by women. The longest undisputed lifespan for a man is that of Jiroemon Kimura of Japan (1897–2013), who died at age 116 years, 54 days.

Since the death of 116-year-old Jeralean Talley of the United States on 17 June 2015, Susannah Mushatt Jones, also of the United States, born 6 July 1899, is the oldest living person in the world whose age has been documented.

Oldest people ever

Systematic verification of longevity has only been practiced in recent decades and only in certain parts of the world.

      Deceased       Living
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 16 February 2016

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] Place of death or residence
1 Jeanne Calment[1] F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days France
2 Sarah Knauss[4] F 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days United States
3 Lucy Hannah[5] F 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days United States
4 Marie-Louise Meilleur[6] F 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years, 230 days Canada
5 Misao Okawa[7] F 5 March 1898 1 April 2015 117 years, 27 days Japan
6 María Capovilla[8] F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days Ecuador
7 Gertrude Weaver[9] F 4 July 1898 6 April 2015 116 years, 276 days United States
8 Susannah Mushatt Jones[10] F 6 July 1899 Living[10] 116 years, 225 days United States
9 Tane Ikai[11] F 18 January 1879 12 July 1995 116 years, 175 days Japan
10 Elizabeth Bolden[12] F 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days United States

Ten oldest men ever

Rank Name Birth date Death date Age [†] Place of death
or residence
1 Jiroemon Kimura[13] 19 April 1897 12 June 2013 116 years, 54 days Japan
2 Christian Mortensen[13][14] 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days United States[a]
3 Emiliano Mercado del Toro[14] 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days Puerto Rico
4 Mathew Beard[14] 9 July 1870 16 February 1985 114 years, 222 days United States
5 Walter Breuning[14] 21 September 1896 14 April 2011 114 years, 205 days United States
6 Yukichi Chuganji[14] 23 March 1889 28 September 2003 114 years, 189 days Japan
7 Joan Riudavets[14] 15 December 1889 5 March 2004 114 years, 81 days Spain
8 Fred H. Hale, Sr.[14] 1 December 1890 19 November 2004 113 years, 354 days United States
9 Johnson Parks[14] 15 October 1884 17 July 1998 113 years, 275 days United States
10 Tomoji Tanabe[14] 18 September 1895 19 June 2009 113 years, 274 days Japan

a^ Mortensen was a native of Denmark.

Ten oldest women ever

Presently, all ten of the verified oldest people ever are women, thus a listing of the ten verified oldest women ever would be identical to the list above.

Ten oldest people living

Rank Name Sex Birth date Age as of 16 February 2016 Place of residence
1 Susannah Mushatt Jones[15] F 6 July 1899 116 years, 225 days United States
2 Emma Morano[15] F 29 November 1899 116 years, 79 days Italy
3 Violet Brown[15] F 10 March 1900 115 years, 343 days Jamaica[a]
4 Nabi Tajima[15] F 4 August 1900 115 years, 196 days Japan
5 Chiyo Miyako[15] F 2 May 1901 114 years, 290 days Japan
6 Toshie Yorimitsu[15] F 30 September 1901 114 years, 139 days Japan
7 Eudoxie Baboul[15] F 1 October 1901 114 years, 138 days France (French Guiana)
8 Matsuyo Kageyama[15] F 10 October 1901 114 years, 129 days Japan
9 Ana Vela Rubio[15] F 29 October 1901 114 years, 110 days Spain
10 Mitsue Toyoda[15] F 15 February 1902 114 years, 1 day Japan

a^ Brown was born in Jamaica, then a British colony.

Known living men (over 110 years)

No reliable source has stated who the current oldest living man is,[16] but the following are men known to be over 110.

Name Birth date Age as of 16 February 2016 Place of residence
Yisrael Kristal[17][18] 15 September 1903 112 years, 154 days Israel[a]
Masamitsu Yoshida[16] 30 May 1904 111 years, 262 days Japan
Francisco Núñez Olivera[19] 13 December 1904 111 years, 65 days Spain
Felix Simoneaux[20] 24 May 1905 110 years, 268 days United States
Carlos Valenzuela Castro[21] 24 September 1905 110 years, 145 days United States[b]
Alfred Date[22] 8 November 1905 110 years, 100 days Australia[c]
Frank Levingston[23] 13 November 1905 110 years, 95 days United States
Zhou Youguang[24] 13 January 1906 110 years, 34 days China

a^ Kristal was born in Poland.
b^ Castro was born in Peru.
c^ Date was born in the United Kingdom.

Chronological list of the oldest living person since 1955

This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group's list of the World's Oldest Person Titleholders.[25] Since most of the time the oldest living person is a female, a sequence of oldest females would be nearly redundant to this list. A sequence of oldest living men follows this sequence.

From To Name Sex Age(s) when
oldest		 Lifespan Place of death
or residence
1 ? 24 October 1955 Betsy Baker F ? – 113 20 August 1842 – 24 October 1955
113 years, 65 days		 Nebraska, United States
2 24 October 1955 20 February 1957
(1 year, 119 days)		 Rosalia Spoto F 108 – 109 25 August 1847 – 20 February 1957
109 years, 179 days		 Italy
3 20 February 1957 7 October 1959
(2 years, 229 days)		 Christina Karnebeek-Backs F 107 – 110 2 October 1849 – 7 October 1959
110 years, 5 days		 Netherlands
4 7 October 1959 24 November 1959
(48 days)		 Marie Olsen F 109 1 May 1850 – 24 November 1959
109 years, 207 days		 Norway
5 24 November 1959 30 December 1964
(5 years, 36 days)		 Mary Kelly F 108 – 113 7 June 1851 – 30 December 1964
113 years, 206 days		 California, United States
6 30 December 1964 6 March 1965
(66 days)		 Elizabeth Kensley F 109 12 May 1855 – 6 March 1965
109 years, 298 days		 England, United Kingdom
7 6 March 1965 6 August 1965
(153 days)		 William Fullingim M 109 – 110 7 July 1855 – 6 August 1965
110 years, 30 days		 Oklahoma, United States
8 6 August 1965 10 January 1966
(157 days)		 Hannah Smith F 109 – 110 7 January 1856 – 10 January 1966
110 years, 3 days		 England, United Kingdom
9 10 January 1966 21 March 1968
(2 years, 71 days)		 John Mosely Turner M 109 – 111 15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968
111 years, 280 days		 England, United Kingdom
10 21 March 1968 16 June 1968
(87 days)		 Johanna Booyson F 111 17 January 1857 – 16 June 1968
111 years, 151 days		 Transvaal, South Africa
11 16 June 1968 4 May 1969
(322 days)		 Marie Bernátková[26] F 110 – 111 22 October 1857 – 4 May 1969
111 years, 194 days		 Zašová, Czechoslovakia
(now located in the Czech Republic)
12 4 May 1969 11 January 1970
(252 days)		 Ada Roe F 111 6 February 1858 – 11 January 1970
111 years, 339 days		 England, United Kingdom
13 11 January 1970 27 February 1973
(3 years, 47 days)		 Josefa Salas F 109 – 112 14 July 1860 – 27 February 1973
112 years, 228 days		 Asturias, Spain
14 27 February 1973 18 August 1973
(172 days)		 Alice Stevenson F 111 – 112 10 July 1861 – 18 August 1973
112 years, 39 days		 England, United Kingdom
15 18 August 1973 31 October 1973
(74 days)		 Elizabeth Watkins F 110 10 March 1863 – 31 October 1973
110 years, 235 days		 Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
16 31 October 1973 31 May 1975
(1 year, 212 days)		 Mito Umeta F 110 – 112 27 March 1863 – 31 May 1975
112 years, 65 days		 Kumamoto, Japan
17 31 May 1975 16 November 1976
(1 year, 169 days)		 Niwa Kawamoto F 111 – 113 5 August 1863 – 16 November 1976
113 years, 105 days		 Shiga, Japan
18 16 November 1976 2 December 1977
(1 year, 16 days)		 Sophia DeMuth F 110 – 111 30 June 1866 – 2 December 1977
111 years, 155 days		 Nebraska, United States
19 2 December 1977 25 April 1978
(144 days)		 Marie-Virginie Duhem F 111 2 August 1866 – 25 April 1978
111 years, 266 days		 Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
20 25 April 1978 22 January 1981
(2 years, 272 days)		 Fannie Thomas F 111 – 113 14 April 1867 – 22 January 1981
113 years, 283 days		 California, United States
21 22 January 1981 8 March 1981
(45 days)		 Augustine Tessier F 112 2 January 1869 – 8 March 1981
112 years, 65 days		 Languedoc-Roussillon, France
22 8 March 1981 13 November 1982
(1 year, 250 days)		 Nellie Spencer F 111 – 113 24 August 1869 – 13 November 1982
113 years, 81 days		 New Jersey, United States
23 13 November 1982 13 October 1983
(334 days)		 Emma Wilson F 112 – 113 12 May 1870 – 13 October 1983
113 years, 154 days		 Missouri, United States
24 13 October 1983 16 February 1985
(1 year, 126 days)		 Mathew Beard M 113 – 114 9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days		 Florida, United States
25 16 February 1985 21 October 1986
(1 year, 247 days)		 Augusta Holtz F 113 – 115 3 August 1871 – 21 October 1986
115 years, 79 days		 Missouri, United States
26 21 October 1986 2 February 1987
(104 days)		 Mary McKinney F 113 30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987
113 years, 248 days		 California, United States
27 2 February 1987 27 December 1987
(328 days)		 Anna Eliza Williams F 113 – 114 2 June 1873 – 27 December 1987
114 years, 208 days		 Wales, United Kingdom
28 27 December 1987 11 January 1988
(15 days)		 Florence Knapp F 114 10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988
114 years, 93 days		 Pennsylvania, United States
29 11 January 1988 4 August 1997
(9 years, 205 days)		 Jeanne Calment F 112 – 122 21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997
122 years, 164 days		 Provence, France
30 4 August 1997 16 April 1998
(255 days)		 Marie-Louise Meilleur F 116 – 117 29 August 1880 – 16 April 1998
117 years, 230 days		 Ontario, Canada
31 16 April 1998 30 December 1999
(1 year, 258 days)		 Sarah Knauss F 117 – 119 24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999
119 years, 97 days		 Pennsylvania, United States
32 30 December 1999 2 November 2000
(308 days)		 Eva Morris F 114 8 November 1885 – 2 November 2000
114 years, 360 days		 England, United Kingdom
33 2 November 2000 6 June 2001
(216 days)		 Marie Brémont F 114 – 115 25 April 1886 – 6 June 2001
115 years, 42 days		 Anjou, France
34 5 June 2001 18 March 2002
(286 days)		 Maude Farris-Luse F 114 – 115 21 January 1887 – 18 March 2002
115 years, 56 days		 Michigan, United States
35 18 March 2002 28 May 2002
(71 days)		 Grace Clawson F 114 15 November 1887 – 28 May 2002
114 years, 194 days		 Florida, United States
36 28 May 2002 21 August 2002
(85 days)		 Adelina Domingues F 114 19 February 1888 – 21 August 2002
114 years, 183 days		 California, United States
37 21 August 2002 29 December 2002
(130 days)		 Mae Harrington F 113 20 January 1889 – 29 December 2002
113 years, 343 days		 New York, United States
38 29 December 2002 28 September 2003
(273 days)		 Yukichi Chuganji M 113 – 114 23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days		 Fukuoka, Japan
39 28 September 2003 13 November 2003
(46 days)		 Mitoyo Kawate F 114 15 May 1889 – 13 November 2003
114 years, 182 days		 Hiroshima, Japan
40 13 November 2003 29 May 2004
(198 days)		 Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan F 114 31 August 1889 – 29 May 2004
114 years, 272 days		 San Juan, Puerto Rico
41 29 May 2004 27 August 2006
(2 years, 90 days)		 María Capovilla F 114 – 116 14 September 1889 – 27 August 2006
116 years, 347 days		 Guayas, Ecuador
42 27 August 2006 11 December 2006
(106 days)		 Elizabeth Bolden F 116 15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006
116 years, 118 days		 Tennessee, United States
43 11 December 2006 24 January 2007
(44 days)		 Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 115 21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days		 Isabela, Puerto Rico
44 24 January 2007 28 January 2007
(4 days)		 Emma Tillman F 114 22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007
114 years, 67 days		 Connecticut, United States
45 29 January 2007[lower-alpha 1] 13 August 2007
(196 days)		 Yone Minagawa F 114 4 January 1893 – 13 August 2007
114 years, 221 days		 Fukuoka, Japan
46 13 August 2007 26 November 2008
(1 year, 105 days)		 Edna Parker F 114 – 115 20 April 1893 – 26 November 2008
115 years, 220 days		 Indiana, United States
47 26 November 2008 2 January 2009
(37 days)		 Maria de Jesus F 115 10 September 1893 – 2 January 2009
115 years, 114 days		 Tomar, Portugal
48 2 January 2009 11 September 2009
(252 days)		 Gertrude Baines F 114 – 115 6 April 1894 – 11 September 2009
115 years, 158 days		 California, United States
49 11 September 2009 2 May 2010
(233 days)		 Kama Chinen F 114 10 May 1895 – 2 May 2010
114 years, 357 days		 Okinawa, Japan
50 2 May 2010 4 November 2010
(186 days)		 Eugénie Blanchard F 114 16 February 1896 – 4 November 2010
114 years, 261 days		 Saint Barthélemy, France
51 4 November 2010 21 June 2011
(229 days)		 Maria Gomes Valentim F 114 9 July 1896 – 21 June 2011
114 years, 347 days		 Minas Gerais, Brazil
52 21 June 2011 4 December 2012
(1 year, 166 days)		 Besse Cooper F 114 – 116 26 August 1896 – 4 December 2012
116 years, 100 days		 Georgia, United States
53 4 December 2012 17 December 2012
(13 days)		 Dina Manfredini F 115 4 April 1897 – 17 December 2012
115 years, 257 days		 Iowa, United States
54 17 December 2012 12 June 2013
(177 days)		 Jiroemon Kimura M 115 – 116 19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013
116 years, 54 days		 Kyoto, Japan
55 12 June 2013 1 April 2015
(1 year, 293 days)		 Misao OkawaF 115 – 117 5 March 1898 – 1 April 2015
117 years, 27 days		 Osaka, Japan
56 31 March 2015[lower-alpha 2] 6 April 2015
(6 days)		 Gertrude WeaverF 116 4 July 1898 – 6 April 2015
116 years, 276 days		 Arkansas, United States
57 6 April 2015 17 June 2015
(72 days)		 Jeralean TalleyF 115 – 116 23 May 1899 – 17 June 2015
116 years, 25 days		 Michigan, United States
58 17 June 2015 Present
(244 days)		 Susannah Mushatt JonesF 115 – 116* 6 July 1899
116 years, 225 days		 New York, United States

Chronological list of the oldest living men since 1973

This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group's list of the World's Oldest Man Titleholders.[14]

From To Name Age(s) when
oldest		 Lifespan Place of death
or residence
1 ? 5 May 1973
 Friedrich Wedeking ? – 110 10 October 1862 – 5 May 1973
110 years, 207 days		 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
2 5 May 1973 9 March 1974
(308 days)		 Frederick Butterfield 109 – 110 28 February 1864 – 9 March 1974
110 years, 9 days		 England, United Kingdom
3 9 March 1974 17 March 1977
(3 years, 8 days)		 Jean Teillet 107 – 110 6 November 1866 – 17 March 1977
110 years, 131 days		 Île-de-France, France
4 17 March 1977 20 August 1978
(1 year, 156 days)		 Charlie Nelson 109 – 110 21 September 1867 – 20 August 1978
110 years, 333 days		 Iowa, United States
5 20 August 1978 5 September 1980
(2 years, 16 days)		 Charlie Phillips 108 – 110 5 May 1870 – 5 September 1980
110 years, 123 days		 Mississippi, United States
6 5 September 1980 16 February 1985
(4 years, 164 days)		 Mathew Beard 110 – 114 9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days		 Florida, United States
7 16 February 1985 14 December 1986
(1 year, 301 days)		 Joe Thomas 109 – 111 1 May 1875 – 14 December 1986
111 years, 227 days		 Louisiana, United States
8 14 December 1986 5 January 1987
(22 days)		 Herman Smith-Johannsen 111 15 June 1875 – 5 January 1987
111 years, 204 days		 Vestfold, Norway
9 5 January 1987 25 November 1988
(1 year, 325 days)		 Alphaeus Philemon Cole 110 – 112 12 July 1876 – 25 November 1988
112 years, 136 days		 New Jersey, United States
10 25 November 1988 10 June 1990
(1 year, 197 days)		 John Evans 111 – 112 19 August 1877 – 10 June 1990
112 years, 295 days		 Wales, United Kingdom
11 10 June 1990 18 June 1990
(8 days)		 Henri Pérignon 110 14 October 1879 – 18 June 1990
110 years, 247 days		 Normandy, France
12 18 June 1990 16 October 1991
(1 year, 120 days)		 James Wiggins 110 – 112 15 October 1879 – 16 October 1991
112 years, 1 day		 Arkansas, United States
13 16 October 1991 14 June 1993
(1 year, 241 days)		 Frederick Frazier 111 – 113 27 January 1880 – 14 June 1993
113 years, 138 days		 Alabama, United States
14 14 June 1993 20 January 1994
(220 days)		 Josep Armengol 111 – 112 23 July 1881 – 20 January 1994
112 years, 181 days		 Catalonia, Spain
15 20 January 1994 25 April 1998
(4 years, 95 days)		 Christian Mortensen 111 – 115 16 August 1882 – 25 April 1998
115 years, 252 days		 California, United States
16 25 April 1998 17 July 1998
(83 days)		 Johnson Parks 113 15 October 1884 – 17 July 1998
113 years, 275 days		 Florida, United States
17 17 July 1998 25 December 1998
(161 days)		 Walter Richardson 112 – 113 7 November 1885 – 25 December 1998
113 years, 48 days		 Illinois, United States
18 25 December 1998 29 April 1999
(125 days)		 Denzo Ishisaki 112 20 October 1886 – 29 April 1999
112 years, 191 days		 Ibaraki, Japan
19 29 April 1999 15 November 1999
(200 days)		 Antonio Urrea 111 18 February 1888 – 15 November 1999
111 years, 270 days		 Catalonia, Spain
20 15 November 1999 1 March 2001
(1 year, 106 days)		 John Painter 111 – 112 20 September 1888 – 1 March 2001
112 years, 162 days		 Tennessee, United States
21 1 March 2001 3 January 2002
(308 days)		 Antonio Todde 112 22 January 1889 – 3 January 2002
112 years, 346 days		 Sardinia, Italy
22 3 January 2002 28 September 2003
(1 year, 268 days)		 Yukichi Chuganji 112 – 114 23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days		 Fukuoka, Japan
23 28 September 2003 5 March 2004
(159 days)		 Joan Riudavets 113 – 114 15 December 1889 – 5 March 2004
114 years, 81 days		 Balearic Islands, Spain
24 5 March 2004 19 November 2004
(259 days)		 Fred H. Hale, Sr. 113 1 December 1890 – 19 November 2004
113 years, 354 days		 Maine, United States
25 19 November 2004 24 January 2007
(2 years, 66 days)		 Emiliano Mercado del Toro 113 – 115 21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days		 Isabela, Puerto Rico
26 24 January 2007 19 June 2009
(2 years, 146 days)		 Tomoji Tanabe 111 – 113 18 September 1895 – 19 June 2009
113 years, 274 days		 Miyazaki, Japan
27 19 June 2009 18 July 2009
(29 days)		 Henry Allingham 113 6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009
113 years, 42 days		 England, United Kingdom
28 18 July 2009 14 April 2011
(1 year, 270 days)		 Walter Breuning 112 – 114 21 September 1896 – 14 April 2011
114 years, 205 days		 Montana, United States
29 14 April 2011 12 June 2013
(2 years, 59 days)		 Jiroemon Kimura 113 – 116 19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013
116 years, 54 days		 Kyoto, Japan
30 11 June 2013[lower-alpha 3] 13 September 2013
(94 days)		 Salustiano Sanchez 112 8 June 1901 – 13 September 2013
112 years, 97 days		 New York, United States
31 13 September 2013 24 April 2014
(223 days)		 Arturo Licata 111 2 May 1902 – 24 April 2014
111 years, 357 days		 Sicily, Italy
32 24 April 2014 8 June 2014
(45 days)		 Alexander Imich 111 4 February 1903 – 8 June 2014
111 years, 124 days		 New York, United States
33 8 June 2014 5 July 2015
(1 year, 27 days)		 Sakari Momoi 111 – 112 5 February 1903 – 5 July 2015
112 years, 150 days		 Saitama Prefecture, Japan
34 5 July 2015 19 January 2016
(198 days)		 Yasutaro Koide 112 13 March 1903 – 19 January 2016
112 years, 312 days		 Aichi Prefecture, Japan

Oldest verified person by country

Notes

  1. ↑ Emma Tillman died on January 28, 2007 (EST). However, in Fukuoka Prefecture, where Minagawa lived, the date was already January 29, 2007 (JST).
  2. ↑ Misao Okawa died on April 1, 2015 (JST). However, in Arkansas, where Weaver lived, the date was still March 31, 2015 (Central Time Zone).
  3. ↑ Jiroemon Kimura died on June 12, 2013 (JST). However, in New York, where Sanchez lived, the date was still June 11, 2013 (Eastern Time Zone).

References

  1. 1 2 Whitney, Craig R. (5 August 1997). "Jeanne Calment, World's Elder, Dies at 122". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2008.
  2. ↑ Robine, Jean-Marie; Allard, Michel (1999). Jeanne Calment: Validation of the Duration of Her Life. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark.
  3. ↑ Shaw, Michael D. (1 December 2008). "You Say You Want To Live For A Long Time?". Health News Digest.
  4. ↑ "World's oldest person misses millennium". BBC. 31 December 1997. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  5. ↑ Maier, Heiner (2010). Supercentenarians. Springer. p. 249. ISBN 3-642-11519-5.
  6. ↑ "Marie-Louise Meilleur, 117; Listed as Oldest Person in World". Los Angeles Times. 18 April 1998. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  7. ↑ Misao Okawa, Oldest Known Person in World, Dies at 117
  8. ↑ "World’s oldest woman dies at 116". BBC. 28 August 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  9. ↑ Lauer, Claudia. "World's oldest person dies days after earning title". Toronto Daily Star, 7 April 2015. p. A10.
  10. 1 2 "Validated Living Supercentenarians". Gerontology Research Group.
  11. ↑ Maier, Heiner (2010). Supercentenarians. Springer. p. 323. ISBN 3-642-11519-5.
  12. ↑ "Memphis mourns Lizzie Bolden, daughter of slaves, born the year Sitting Bull died". The Guardian. 16 December 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  13. 1 2 "World’s oldest man ever passes away aged 116". Guinness World Records. 2013-06-12. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Table M - World's Oldest Men (WOM) Titleholders Since 1973". grg.org. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Validated Living Supercentenarians". Gerontology Research Group.
  16. 1 2 "The world's oldest man, a Japanese, dies at age 112". Associated Press. 19 January 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  17. ↑ Haaretz (2014-09-17). "World's Oldest Holocaust Survivor Inspires Soccer Players - Jewish World Features". Haaretz. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
  18. ↑ http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/israeli-holocaust-survivor-could-be-worlds-oldest-man-guinness/ar-BBozK2I?li=BBnbfcL&OCID=msnHomepage
  19. ↑ "Francisco Núñez Olivera, el “abuelo” de España". tentudiadirecto.com. 15 December 2014. C1 control character in |title= at position 29 (help)
  20. ↑ "5 generations: 110th birthday". lobservateur.com.
  21. ↑ N.J. man, 110, remembers cranking motorcars to start them
  22. ↑ Walters, Rosaline (9 November 2015). "How do you live to be over 100? Alf Date knows how". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  23. ↑ Dyer, Brandon (17 December 2015). "Oldest known living World War II vet visits Tomb of the Unknowns". United States Army. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
  24. ↑ "Creator of Pinyin Chinese celebrates 110th birthday". gbtimes.com. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  25. ↑ "Table C - World's Oldest Person (WOP) Titleholders Since 1955". grg.org. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  26. ↑ "Ústav pro českou literaturu", Rudé právo (Prague), 6 May 1969, p. 2
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