London 1883 chess tournament

Johannes Zukertort, winner of the tournament

The London 1883 chess tournament was a strong chess tournament among most of the leading players of the day. It was won convincingly by Johannes Zukertort (22 points out of 26) ahead of Wilhelm Steinitz (with 19 points). Remarkably, Zukertort was already assured of victory with three rounds to go, having scored an astonishing 22/23. He then lost his last three games against relatively weak players, probably due to exhaustion. The tournament established Zukertort as rivalling Steinitz to claim to be the best player in the world,[1] and led to the World Chess Championship 1886 match between the two (the first official World Chess Championship match). The event was a double round-robin tournament. Marmaduke Wyvill contributed to organizing the tournament.

The tournament was also notable for the first use of the double-sided chess clock, manufactured by T.B. Wilson of Manchester.

A common story relates to an incident that occurred at the tournament banquet, when the St. George Chess Club President proposed a toast to the best chess player in the world and both Steinitz and Zukertort stood up at the same time to thank him. Research by Edward Winter suggests that this story has been embellished.[2]

The tournament book was dedicated to Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, for his patronage of the tournament.[3]

Crosstable

The results and standings:[4]

# Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total
1  Johannes Zukertort (German Empire) /  Poland -- 01 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 11 22
2  Wilhelm Steinitz (United Kingdom) /  Bohemia 10 -- 01 00 11 01 11 00 11 11 11 11 11 11 19
3  Joseph Henry Blackburne (United Kingdom) /  England 00 10 -- 01 00 10 11 10 ½1 01 11 11 11 11 16½
4  Mikhail Chigorin (Russian Empire) /  Russia 00 11 10 -- 11 01 01 01 10 10 10 11 10 11 16
5  George Henry Mackenzie (United States) /  Scotland 01 00 11 00 -- ½½ 01 01 01 01 11 ½1 11 11 15½
6  Berthold Englisch (Austria-Hungary) / Czech Silesia 00 10 01 10 ½½ -- 00 ½1 01 01 11 11 11 11 15½
7  James Mason (United States) /  Ireland 00 00 00 10 10 11 -- 10 10 11 ½1 11 11 11 15½
8  Samuel Rosenthal (France) /  Poland 00 11 01 10 10 ½0 01 -- ½1 10 01 01 11 11 15
9  Szymon Winawer (Russian Empire) /  Poland 00 00 ½0 01 10 10 01 ½0 -- 01 10 11 11 11 13
10  Henry Edward Bird (United Kingdom) /  England 00 00 10 01 10 10 00 01 10 -- 00 11 11 11 12
11  Josef Noa (Austria-Hungary) /  Hungary 00 00 00 01 00 00 ½0 10 01 11 -- 01 11 01
12  Alexander Sellman (United States) /  United States 01 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 10 00 00 10 -- 11 01
13  James Mortimer (United Kingdom) /  United States 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -- 01 3
14  Arthur Skipworth (United Kingdom) /  England 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 10 10 -- 3

In this tournament a game ending in a draw was replayed at least twice. The third game after two draws would count, whatever the result.

References

External links

1883 London Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

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