Lois Smoky
| Lois Smoky Kaulaity | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Bougetah (Kiowa: "Of the Dawn"), Lois Smoky 1907 Near Anadarko, Oklahoma |
| Died | 1981 |
| Nationality | Kiowa |
| Education | St. Patrick's Indian Mission School, University of Oklahoma |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | Kiowa Five |
Lois Smoky Kaulaity (1907–1981) was a Kiowa painter, one of the Kiowa Five, from Oklahoma.[1]
Early life
Lois Smoky was born in 1907 near Anadarko, Oklahoma.[2] Bougetah was her Kiowa name, meaning "Of the Dawn." Her father, Enoch Smoky, was the great-nephew of Kiowa Chief Appiatan.[1]
Smoky first studied art at St. Patrick's Indian Mission School, under the guidance of Sister Mary Olivia Taylor, a Choctaw nun, and received encouragement from Father Aloysius Hitta and Sister Deo Gratias at the school.[1] Susan Peters, the Kiowa agency field matron, arranged for Mrs. Willie Baze Lane, an artist from Chickasha, Oklahoma to teach painting classes to young Kiowas in Anadarko. Recognizing the talent of some of the artists, Peters convinced Swedish-American painter Oscar Jacobson, director of the University of Oklahoma's School of Art, to accept the Kiowa students into a special program at the school.[3]
Kiowa Five
The Kiowa Five included six artists: Spencer Asah, James Auchiah, Jack Hokeah, Stephen Mopope, Lois Smoky, and Monroe Tsatoke. Smoky was the only woman and the youngest of the group.[4] Finances were tight for the artists, so Smoky's parents helped them out by renting a house in Norman, where all they lived together.[5] Smoky only studied at OU for the first year. James Auchiah joined the group after she left.[3]
Unfortunately, Smoky was not able to participate in the Kiowa Fives' major breakthrough into the international fine arts world at the 1928 First International Art Exposition in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Dr. Jacobson arranged for their work to be shown in several other countries and for Kiowa Art, a portfolio of pochoir prints and artists' paintings, to be published in France.[3] It is only in recent decades that her place among the Kiowa Five has been restored, thanks in part to the scholarship of Dr. Mary Jo Watson (Seminole) and the Jacobson House Native Art Center in Norman, Oklahoma.
Her paintings resembled the early work of the other Kiowa Five artists. They had minimal backgrounds and focused on individual figures or small groups of people. Smoky emphasized details of traditional clothing and regalia, and she painted Kiowa people attending to daily life or ceremonial pursuits.[1]
Individual pursuits
Her family wanted her to return home, so Lois Smoky cut her painting career short. Upon returning home, Smoky married and devoted herself to her husband and children.[4] Her married name was Lois Kaulaity,[6] and she lived in Verden, Oklahoma for most of her life.[2] She did develop a reputation for her fine traditional beadwork. Ironically, because hers is the rarest work among the Kiowa Five, Smoky's work is most collectible.[4]
Her figurative painting was a breakthrough for Southern Plains Indian women, because traditionally Plains women painted geometrical designs rather than narrative, representational work.[1]
Flora Bell Schrock, Smoky's niece, said in 1995, "Aunt Louise was a hard worker... for her family. [She] started doing some beadwork, too. She really enjoyed it. And I think she had ambition [that] could have furthered... [her] art ability... But after she got married, she said, 'It's just impossible now with the children.'"[6]
Public collections
Smoky's work can be found in the following public art collections:
- The George Gustav Heye Center
- Gilcrease Museum
- Jacobson House Native Art Center
- McNay Art Museum
- Millicent Rogers Museum
- Philbrook Museum of Art[2]
Death
She died 1 February 1981.[1]
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Watson, Mary Jo. Smoky, Lois (1907-1981). Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. (5 May 2009)
- 1 2 3 Lester, 519
- 1 2 3 Pochoir prints of ledger drawings by the Kiowa Five, 1929. Smithsonian Institution Research Information System. (retrieved 5 May 2009)
- 1 2 3 About the Kiowa Five. Jacobson House Native Art Center. (retrieved 5 May 2009)
- ↑ Wyckoff, 24
- 1 2 Wyckoff, 235
References
- Lester, Patrick D. The Biographical Directory of Native American Painters. Norman and London: The Oklahoma University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8061-9936-9.
- Wyckoff, Lydia L., ed. Visions and voices : Native American painting from the Philbrook Museum of Art. Tulsa, OK: Philbrook Museum of Art, 1996. ISBN 0-86659-013-7.
External links
- Jacobson House Native Art Center: About the Kiowa Five
- Lois Smoky, Oklahoma Historical Society