List of the Presidents of the United States Senate

President of the United States Senate
Official seal
Incumbent Joe Biden since January 20, 2009
Style	The Honorable (Diplomatic) Mister President (Within the Senate)
Inaugural holder	John Langdon April 6, 1789
Formation	U.S. Constitution March 4, 1789
Succession	Second

The Vice President of the United States is designated by the Constitution as, ex officio, President of the United States Senate. However, during a vacancy in the office (such as that caused by death, resignation or presidential succession), the President pro tempore of the United States Senate serves as the permanent President of the Senate. Until the ratification of the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution, there was no mechanism to replace a Vice President until the next presidential election.

List of Senate Presidents

This list includes Vice Presidents and Presidents pro tempore who served as a "Presiding Officer of the Senate" (not including senators who presided over sessions temporarily in the place of the sitting President).

President	Term	Elected position
President	Term	Senate President pro tempore	U.S. Vice President
John Langdon	April 6, 1789 – April 21, 1789	President pro tempore
John Adams	April 21, 1789 – March 4, 1797		U.S. Vice President
Thomas Jefferson	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801		U.S. Vice President
Aaron Burr	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805		U.S. Vice President
George Clinton	March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812		U.S. Vice President
William H. Crawford	April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813	President pro tempore
Elbridge Gerry	March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814		U.S. Vice President
John Gaillard	November 25, 1814 – March 4, 1817	President pro tempore
Daniel Tompkins	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825		U.S. Vice President
John C. Calhoun	March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832		U.S. Vice President
Hugh Lawson White	December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833	President pro tempore
Martin Van Buren	March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837		U.S. Vice President
Richard Mentor Johnson	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841		U.S. Vice President
John Tyler	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841		U.S. Vice President
Samuel L. Southard	April 4, 1841 – May 31, 1842	President pro tempore
Willie P. Mangum	May 31, 1842 – March 4, 1845	President pro tempore
George M. Dallas	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849		U.S. Vice President
Millard Fillmore	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850		U.S. Vice President
Vacant	July 9, 1850 – July 11, 1850^[1]
William R. King	July 11, 1850 – December 20, 1852	President pro tempore
David Rice Atchison	December 20, 1852 – March 4, 1853	President pro tempore
William R. King	March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853		U.S. Vice President
David Rice Atchison	April 18, 1853 – December 4, 1854	President pro tempore
Lewis Cass	December 4, 1854	President pro tempore
Jesse D. Bright	December 5, 1854 – June 9, 1856	President pro tempore
Charles E. Stuart	June 9, 1856 – June 10, 1856	President pro tempore
Jesse D. Bright	June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857	President pro tempore
James Murray Mason	January 6, 1857 – March 4, 1857	President pro tempore
John C. Breckinridge	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861		U.S. Vice President
Hannibal Hamlin	March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865		U.S. Vice President
Andrew Johnson	March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865		U.S. Vice President
Lafayette S. Foster	April 15, 1865 – March 2, 1867	President pro tempore
Benjamin Wade	March 2, 1867 – March 3, 1869	President pro tempore
Schuyler Colfax	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873		U.S. Vice President
Henry Wilson	March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875		U.S. Vice President
Thomas W. Ferry	November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877	President pro tempore
William A. Wheeler	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881		U.S. Vice President
Chester A. Arthur	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881		U.S. Vice President
Vacant	September 19, 1881 – October 10, 1881^[2]
Thomas F. Bayard	October 10, 1881 – October 13, 1881	President pro tempore
David Davis III	October 13, 1881 – March 3, 1883	President pro tempore
George F. Edmunds	December 3, 1883 – March 3, 1885	President pro tempore
Thomas A. Hendricks	March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885		U.S. Vice President
Vacant	November 25, 1885 – December 7, 1885^[3]
John Sherman	December 7, 1885 – February 26, 1887	President pro tempore
John James Ingalls	February 26, 1887 – March 3, 1889	President pro tempore
Levi P. Morton	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893		U.S. Vice President
Adlai E. Stevenson I	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897		U.S. Vice President
Garret Hobart	March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899		U.S. Vice President
William P. Frye	November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901	President pro tempore
Theodore Roosevelt	March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901		U.S. Vice President
William P. Frye	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905	President pro tempore
Charles W. Fairbanks	March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909		U.S. Vice President
James S. Sherman	March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912		U.S. Vice President
Augustus Octavius Bacon	October 30, 1912 – December 15, 1912	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Jacob Harold Gallinger	December 16, 1912 – January 4, 1913	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Augustus Octavius Bacon	January 5, 1913 – January 18, 1913	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Jacob Harold Gallinger	January 19, 1913 – February 1, 1913	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Augustus Octavius Bacon	February 2, 1913 – February 15, 1913	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Jacob Harold Gallinger	February 16, 1913 – March 3, 1913	President pro tempore (rotating)	U.S. Vice President
Thomas R. Marshall	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921		U.S. Vice President
Calvin Coolidge	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923		U.S. Vice President
Albert B. Cummins	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925	President pro tempore
Charles G. Dawes	March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929		U.S. Vice President
Charles Curtis	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933		U.S. Vice President
John Nance Garner	March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941		U.S. Vice President
Henry A. Wallace	January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945		U.S. Vice President
Harry S. Truman	January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945		U.S. Vice President
Kenneth McKellar	April 12, 1945 – January 4, 1947	President pro tempore
Arthur H. Vandenberg	January 4, 1947 – January 3, 1949	President pro tempore
Kenneth McKellar	January 3, 1949 – January 20, 1949	President pro tempore
Alben W. Barkley	January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953		U.S. Vice President
Richard Nixon	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961		U.S. Vice President
Lyndon B. Johnson	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963		U.S. Vice President
Carl Hayden	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965	President pro tempore
Hubert Humphrey	January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969		U.S. Vice President
Spiro Agnew	January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973		U.S. Vice President
James Eastland	October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973	President pro tempore
Gerald Ford	December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974		U.S. Vice President
James Eastland	August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974	President pro tempore
Nelson Rockefeller	December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977		U.S. Vice President
Walter Mondale	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981		U.S. Vice President
George H. W. Bush	January 20, 1981 – July 13, 1985		U.S. Vice President
Strom Thurmond	July 13, 1985^[4]	President pro tempore
George H. W. Bush	July 13, 1985 – January 20, 1989		U.S. Vice President
Dan Quayle	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993		U.S. Vice President
Al Gore	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001		U.S. Vice President
Dick Cheney	January 20, 2001 – June 29, 2002		U.S. Vice President
Robert Byrd	June 29, 2002^[5]	President pro tempore
Dick Cheney	June 29, 2002 – July 21, 2007		U.S. Vice President
Robert Byrd	July 21, 2007^[6]	President pro tempore
Dick Cheney	July 21, 2007 – January 20, 2009		U.S. Vice President
Joe Biden	January 20, 2009 – present		U.S. Vice President

Notes

↑ When President Zachary Taylor died July 9, 1850 there was no sitting president pro tempore of the Senate. There was a vacancy in the presidency of the Senate until William R. King was elected president pro tempore of the Senate July 11, 1850.
↑ When President James A. Garfield died September 19, 1881 there was no sitting president pro tempore of the Senate. There was a vacancy in the presidency of the Senate until Thomas F. Bayard was elected president pro tempore of the Senate October 10, 1881.
↑ When Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks died November 25, 1885 there was no sitting president pro tempore of the Senate. There was a vacancy in the presidency of the Senate until John Sherman was elected president pro tempore of the Senate December 7, 1885.
↑ Thurmond was the presiding officer of the Senate from 11:28 a.m. until 7:22 p.m. while Vice President George H. W. Bush served as Acting President pursuant to President Ronald Reagan's invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to declare his temporary incapacity while undergoing surgery.
↑ Byrd was the presiding officer of the Senate from 7:09 a.m. until 9:24 a.m. while Vice President Dick Cheney served as Acting President pursuant to President George W. Bush's invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to declare his temporary incapacity while undergoing a colonoscopy that required sedation.
↑ Byrd was the presiding officer of the Senate from 7:16 a.m. until 9:21 a.m. while Vice President Dick Cheney served as Acting President pursuant to President George W. Bush's invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to declare his temporary incapacity while undergoing a colonoscopy that required sedation.

Current	By length of service Freshmen Youngest members Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico Delegates Longest-serving members ever

Senate	Current by seniority by age Dean of the Senate Former senators Living Earliest serving Earliest living Expelled or censured Classes Born outside the U.S.

House	Current by seniority Dean of the House Former representatives Living Oldest living Earliest serving Expelled, censured, and reprimanded Deaths by year

Leaders

Senate	President (list) President pro tempore Majority and minority leaders Assistant party leaders Democratic Caucus (Chair Secretary Policy Committee Chair) Republican Conference (Chair Vice-Chair Policy Committee Chair)

House	Speaker Leaders Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group Democratic Caucus Republican Conference

Districts

Caucuses,
women and
minorities

Offices, employees, services, and the Capitol Complex

Legislative
offices

Offices

Senate	Curator Historical Library

House	Congressional Ethics Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations Interparliamentary Affairs Law Revision Counsel Library

Employees

Senate	Secretary Chaplain Curator Historian Librarian Pages Parliamentarian Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper

House	Chaplain Chief Administrative Officer Clerk Doorkeeper Floor Operations Floor Services Chief Historian Pages (Page Board) Parliamentarian Postmaster Reading Clerk Sergeant at Arms

Library of
Congress

Government
Publishing Office

Capitol

Office
buildings

Senate	Dirksen Hart Russell

House	Building Commission Cannon Ford Longworth O'Neill Rayburn

Other
facilities

Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, and media

Powers	Article I Copyright Commerce (Dormant) Contempt of Congress Declaration of war Impeachment Naturalization "Necessary and Proper" Power of enforcement Taxing/spending

Privileges and benefits	Salaries Franking Immunity

Procedure	Act of Congress (list) Appropriation bill Budget resolution Closed sessions (House) Closed sessions (Senate) Cloture Concurrent resolution Continuing resolution Dear colleague letter Discharge petition Engrossed bill Enrolled bill Expulsion Joint resolution Joint session (list) Lame-duck session Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule) Multiple referral Procedures (House) Reconciliation Rider Saxbe fix Sponsorship Suspension of the rules Unanimous consent Veto Line-item veto Pocket veto Veto override

Senate-specific	Advice and consent Classes Executive communication Executive session Filibuster Jefferson's Manual Journal Nuclear option Presiding Officer Recess appointment Riddick's Senate Procedure Senate hold Senatorial courtesy Seniority Standing Rules Tie-breaking votes Traditions Treaty Clause

Committees	Chairman and ranking member Of the Whole Conference Discharge petition Hearings Markup Oversight List (Joint) List (House) List (Senate) Select and special Standing Subcommittees

Items	Gavels Mace of the House

History	Divided government House Gerrymandering Party control Senate Senate election disputes

Media	C-SPAN Congressional Quarterly The Hill Politico Roll Call

Websites: House of Representatives; Senate

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List of the Presidents of the United States Senate

List of Senate Presidents

Notes

See also