List of designated terrorist groups
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This is a list of designated terrorist groups by national governments, former governments and inter-governmental organizations, where the proscription has a significant effect on the group's activities. Many organizations that are accused of being a terrorist organization deny using terrorism as a military tactic to achieve their goals, and there is no international consensus on the legal definition of terrorism.[1][2]
This listing does not include unaffiliated individuals accused of terrorism, which are considered under lone wolf terrorism. This list also excludes groups that might be widely considered terrorist, but who are not officially so designated according to the criteria specified above.
This list is not all inclusive. For more inclusive lists, including people, entities (corporations), and specific vehicles, refer to lists under Process of designation.
Organizations currently officially designated as terrorist by various governments
The list includes references to organisations associated with Al-Qaeda by the United Nations.
Organizations officially designated as terrorist in the past
Below is the list of organizations that have officially been designated as terrorist in the past, by the respective parties, but have since been delisted.
Process of designation
Among the countries that publish a list of designated terrorist organizations, some have a clear established procedure for listing and delisting, and some are opaque. The Berghof Foundation argues that opaque delisting conditions reduce the incentive for the organization to abandon terrorism, while fueling radicalism.[93]
Australia
Since 2002, the Australian Government maintains a Listing of terrorist organizations as per the Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002.[11] Listing, de-listing and re-listing follows a protocol[11] that mainly involves the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation and the Attorney-General's Department.[94]
Canada
Since December 18, 2001, section 83.05 of the Canadian Criminal Code allows the Governor in Council to maintain a list of entities that are engaged in terrorism, facilitating it, or acting on behalf of such an entity.[95]
Entities are reviewed by the Minister and the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, and finally published in the Canada Gazette.[95] The list is also published on the website of Public Safety Canada.[96]
European Union
The European Union has two lists of designated terrorist organisations that provide for different sanctions for the two groups.[97] The first list is copied from the United Nations, and the second is an autonomous list.[98]
Autonomous list
All other designated organizations.
- the freezing of all funds, other financial assets and economic resources.
- a ban on directly or indirectly making funds, other financial assets and economic resources available.
It is important to note that sanctions are only applicable to EU-external groups regardless of designation. For example, 47 groups are listed as terrorist organizations in the EU but sanctions are only applied to 27 of these. Member States do have an obligation to assist each other in preventing and combating terrorist acts but this is the only action that follows from the designation of an EU-internal organization.
- European Union list of terrorist groups and individuals, 25 June 2012.[99]
Listing process
New organizations are added to the autonomous list following this process:[98]
- "Designation": Member states and third party states tips about an organization. This state must have solid evidence and must the tip must be sent by the national authority.
- Scrutinity: The Presidency, or a delegation, gathers basic information, and might require more information from the tipping state.
- Consultations: Information is shared with other member states for discussion. Everything is still confidential. 15 days after, delegates of the states meet as the CP 931 Working Party, Europol is sometimes invited too.
- Recommendation: The CP 931 Working Party prepares the listing decision.
- Decision by EU Council: The council adopts the list. The decision must be unanimous, which means that every state has a veto right.
- Official Publishing: In the EU Official Journal
- Notification and Statement of Reason: The council secretariat notifies each designated organization via mail, together with instructions on how to get the decision to be reconsidered.
Delisting process
The EU has similar process to review the list, and to remove organizations for the list.[98]
India
Under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, the Ministry of Home Affairs maintains a list of banned organizations: List of organisations banned by the Government of India.[15]
People's Republic of China
The Ministry of Public Security maintains a list of terrorist organizations on its website mps.gov.cn. This list has been translated to English by the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the USA at www.china-embassy.org.
Philippines
The first group to be officially listed as a terrorist organization under the Human Security Act of 2007 is the Abu Sayyaf on September 10, 2015 by the Basilan provincial court.[12]
Russia
Single federal list of organizations recognized as terrorist by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The National Anti-Terrorism Committee maintains a list of terrorist organizations on its website nac.gov.ru, which named as Federal United list of Terrorist Organizations.[100]
Ukraine
In Ukraine, the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics are classified as terrorist organizations. Ukrainian authorities claim that the two organizations are made up of a rigid hierarchy, financing channels and supply of weapons with the purpose of deliberately propagating violence, seizing hostages, carrying out subversive activity, assassinations, and the intimidation of citizens.[43]
United Nations
The United Nations does not have a general list of all terrorist organizations. Instead, it has several lists focusing on a particular context.
UN 1267 regime list
The UN 1267 regime list is focused on Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and their associates.
- prohibition of sale or transfer of arms and related materiel.
- the freezing of funds and other financial assets or resources.
- the prevention of entry onto or transit through the territories of member states.
- a prohibition on provision of technical assistance or training in military matters or in the manufacture or maintenance of arms and related materiel.
The EU provides exceptions to the implementation of relevant asset-freezing sanctions per UN resolution 1452 (2002). Upon request, a competent national authority may determine to release funds on the following grounds if, within the time limit provided for, there has been no objection made, or a release has been explicitly approved, by the UN Sanctions Committee.
- necessary to cover basic expenses, intended for the payment of professional fees for legal services or for the payment of fees or services in relation to the maintenance of frozen funds or assets
- necessary for extraordinary expenses
United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Government's Proscribed terrorist groups.[6]
- Text of the Terrorism Act 2000 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from the UK Statute Law Database .
United States
- United States State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
- Terror Exclusion List (TEL)
- Executive Order 13224 blocking Terrorist Property and a summary of the Terrorism Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 595 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations), Terrorism List Governments Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 596 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations), and Foreign Terrorist Organizations Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 597 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations)
- US Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 'What you need to know about U.S. Sanctions'
- US Department of State Terrorist Designation Lists
- US Department of State Country Reports on Terrorism 2008
- United States Department of State. "Individuals and Entities Designated by the State Department Under E.O. 13224". Retrieved 2011-07-17.
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security – Terrorist Organization Reference Guide January 2004
Yugoslavia and Serbia
The Yugoslav and Serbian authorities regarded the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a terrorist group.[101][102]
See also
- U.K. List of Proscribed Groups
- U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations
- List of charities accused of ties to terrorism
- Government of India designated terrorist organisations
- List of non-state groups accused of terrorism
- List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
- List of Islamic terrorist organizations
- Violent non-state actor
References
- ↑ Williamson, Myra (2009). Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001. Ashgate Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-7546-7403-0.
- ↑ Schmid, Alex P. (2011). "The Definition of Terrorism". The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 0-203-82873-9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 "مجلس الوزراء يعتمد قائمة التنظيمات الإرهابية.". Emirates News Agency (WAM) وكالة أنباء الإمارات. 15 November 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 WAM (November 15, 2014). "UAE publishes list of terrorist organisations". Gulf News. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "UAE cabinet endorses new list of terrorist groups". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) وكالة الأنباء الكويتية. 2014-11-15. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 "Proscribed terrorist groups" (PDF). Home Office. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
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- 1 2 "Philippine court designates Abu Sayyaf a terrorist group". Sun Star. 11 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ↑ "Agnad Misr officially labelled a terrorist group". Al-Ahram. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2015.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 "Banned Organisations". Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "Single federal list of organizations recognized as terrorist by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation". fsb.ru. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
- 1 2 "Government bans three alleged terrorist groups". BBC. 2014-04-02. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
- ↑ "Terrorist Designation of the al-Mulathamun Battalion". State.gov. 2013-12-18. Retrieved 2014-11-05.
- 1 2 3 4 "Saudi Arabia designates Muslim Brotherhood terrorist group". Reuters. 2014-03-07.
- ↑ "Turkey blacklists al-Nusra Front as terror group". Al Akhbar. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
- ↑ 3 Haziran 2014 Tarihli ve 29019 Sayılı Resmî Gazete (Turkish)
- 1 2 Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Amends Entry of One Entity on Its Sanctions List - UN Security Council, 30 May 2013. Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York
- ↑ United States Department of State. "Terrorist Designations of the al-Nusrah Front as an Alias for al-Qa'ida in Iraq". Retrieved 2013-06-28.
- ↑ Commission of the European Communities (October 20, 2004). "Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament" (DOC). Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
- ↑ Moody, John (2007-06-12). "Iran Wants to Talk With U.S.; Just Not About Nukes". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
[...] Al Qaeda, which Shiite-dominated Iran considers a terrorist organization [...]
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Fight against terrorism and extremism in Kazakhstan". Mfa.gov.kz. Retrieved 2015-11-23.
- ↑ "Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council since 1946". Un.org. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- 1 2 Nancy A. Youssef and Adam Baron (7 March 2014). "Saudi Arabia declares Muslim Brotherhood a terrorist group". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ "Ansar al-Shari'a Organizations and Leaders Terrorist Designations of Three Ansar al-Shari'a Organizations and Leaders". U.S. Department of State. 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2014-08-11.
- ↑ "BBC News - Tunisia declares Ansar al-Sharia a terrorist group". Bbc.co.uk. 2013-08-27. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "US Declares Ansar al-Sharia a Terrorist Organization". Tunisia Live. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "Egyptian court says Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis a terrorist organization". Egypt Independent. April 14, 2014.
- ↑ "Terrorist Designations of Ansar al-Dine". State.gov. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- 1 2 "US names Boko Haram as 'terror organisation' - Africa". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Designations of Foreign Terrorist Fighters". State.gov. 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2014-09-29.
- 1 2 East Turkistan Liberation Organization (ETLO) Globalsecurity.org
- ↑ Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee Adds Boko Haram to Its Sanctions List - UN Security Council, 22 May 2014. Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York
- ↑ "QE.E.131.11. EMARAT KAVKAZ". Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1989 (2011) concerning Al-Qaeda and associated individuals and entities. 29 July 2011.
- ↑ United States Department of State. "Designation of Caucasus Emirate". Retrieved 2011-05-26.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "teror16.11.xls" (in Hebrew, Arabic, and English with the different languages used in different sections of the text). Ministry of Defense (Israel). Retrieved 28 November 2014.
several declared terrorist organisations are listed amongst many declarations of "association/united group, not, allowed" or, in other words, declarations of an unlawful/illegal organisation - and maybe with other information as well in a large spreadsheet
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Archived January 14, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/10/175362.htm U.S. Department of State
- 1 2 3 "Ukraine's prosecutor general classifies self-declared Donetsk and Luhansk republics as terrorist organizations". Kyiv Post. 16 May 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 "China seeks int'l support in counter-terrorism(12/15/03)". China-embassy.org. 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "Terrorist Exclusion List". Bureau of Counterterrorism. 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2012-09-11.
- ↑ United Nations Web Services Section. "The Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee". Un.org. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
- ↑ Yermukanov, Marat (4 May 2005). "Kazakhstan and Turkey search for common ground". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Jamestown Foundation.
Kazakhstan has officially banned the Kurdish People's Congress and the Turkish nationalist Boz Gurt (Grey Wolves) organization for being "terrorist organizations."
- ↑ "Australia lists Hamas as terrorist organisation". Big News Network. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
- ↑ "EU keeps Hamas on terror list, despite court ruling". Euractiv. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- 1 2 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324603/20140627-List_of_Proscribed_organisations_WEBSITE_final.pdf
- ↑ "Egyptian court bans Hamas' armed wing, lists as terrorist organization". Reuters. 31 January 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ↑ http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf
- 1 2 "Designations of Foreign Terrorist Fighters". US Department of State. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ↑ A (2009-04-13). "EGYPT: Cairo calls Hezbollah terrorist organization - latimes.com". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "EGYPT: Cairo calls Hezbollah terrorist organization - latimes.com". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- 1 2 "Proscribed terror groups or organisations - Publications - GOV.UK". Homeoffice.gov.uk. 2013-07-12. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ Jim Muir (2013-07-22). "BBC News - EU ministers agree to blacklist Hezbollah's armed wing". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "Egypt brands jihadist ISIL a 'terrorist group'". Hürriyet Daily News. 30 November 2014.
- ↑ Wahlisch, Martin (2010). "EU Terrorist Listing - An Overview about Listing and Delisting Procedures" (PDF). Berghof Peace Support. Berghof Foundation. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ↑ PTI (2014-12-16). "India bans IS". The Hindu (Chennai, India). Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ↑ "Ya'alon declared the organization "Islamic State" as a terrorist organization: Report". haaretz. 3 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- ↑ http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/06/20140603-16-1.pdf
- ↑ "Foreign Terrorist Organization Designation of ISIL - Khorasan (ISIL-K)". State.gov. 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
- ↑ "Iran Hails US Decision to Label Jundallah "Terrorist" Group". Al-Manar. 2010-11-04. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ Sheridan, Michael (2010-11-05). "Four 'assassins' funded by Komala militant in UK arrested in Iran, state-run media". NY Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ "Iran scorned for hangings despite stay". UPI (United Press International). 2011-05-02. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ "Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)". Australian National Security. 2012-08-17. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ "Kazakhstan Updates List Of Banned Terrorist Groups". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Kazakhstan Today, Interfax-Kazakhstan. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ↑ Archived December 3, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Egypt designates Muslim Brotherhood as terrorist group". Reuters. December 25, 2013.
- 1 2 Narina, E (2010-01-30). "Kurdish prisoner executed in Iran". WashingtonTV. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ Theodoulou, Michael (2011-07-26). "US move to delist MEK as terror group worries Iran's opposition". The National (Abu Dhabi) (Abu Dhabi Media). Archived from the original on 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
The MEK, dedicated to overthrowing Iran's Islamic regime and considered a terrorist group by Iran [...]
- ↑ "U.S. Department of Homeland Security – Terrorist Organization Reference Guide January 2004, p119" (PDF). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. January 2004.
- ↑ "Proscribed terrorist groups". British Home Office. May 7, 2010.
- ↑ 'Shining Path' (Spanish: Sendero Luminoso) is the name given by Peruvian mass media and government sources to the Maoist Communist Party of Peru.
- 1 2 Terrorist Exclusion List, US State Department
- ↑ Robert Windrem. "US government considered Nelson Mandela a terrorist until 2008". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
- ↑ "US shamed by Mandela terror link". BBC News. 2008-04-10.
- ↑ "Mandela taken off US terror list". BBC News. 2008-07-01.
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- 1 2 3 "Anti-Subversion Act". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- 1 2 "Ramos legalises Communist Party, frees 48 rebels". New Straits Times. Reuter. 23 September 1992. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
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- ↑ "Central panel seeks reply from Ulfa on ban - The Times of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2011-01-14. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- 1 2 "EUR-Lex - 32009D1004 - EN". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (September 28, 2012). "Foreign Terrorist Organizations". state.gov. U.S. State Department. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ↑ Mas, Monique (2009-01-26). "Les " Moudjahidine du Peuple " ne sont plus des terroristes". RFI (in French). Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ↑ "TITLE 22 > CHAPTER 61 > § 5201. Findings; determinations". Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
- ↑ "Palestine Liberation Organization". mideastconflict.org. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
- ↑ "Delisting of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)". State.gov. 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ http://www.berghof-peacesupport.org/publications/RLM_Peace_Mediation_and_Listed_Terrorist_Organizations.pdf
- ↑ "Protocol for listing terrorist organisations - Australian National Security". Retrieved 30 January 2015. horizontal tab character in
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at position 49 (help) - 1 2 "Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 83.05". Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "Currently listed entities". Public Safety Canada. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- ↑ Kristina Thorne Terrorist designation in the European Union Background paper June 2006
- 1 2 3 http://www.berghof-peacesupport.org/publications/RLM_EU_Terrorist_Listing.pdf
- ↑ "EUR-Lex - 32012D0333 - EN". Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ↑ "Единый федеральный список организаций, признанных террористическими Верховным Судом Российской Федерации" [Single federal list of organizations recognized as terrorist by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation]. National Anti-Terrorism Committee. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
- ↑ Terrorist Groups and Political Legitimacy Council on Foreign Relations Archived July 15, 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA)" Encyclopædia Britannica