List of state leaders in 2004
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 2004.
Africa
- Algeria
- President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006)
- Angola
- President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008)
- Benin
- President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- Botswana
- President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
- Burkina Faso
- President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
- Burundi
- President – Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005)
- Cameroon
- President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
- Ephraïm Inoni, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009)
- Cape Verde
- President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–present)
- Central African Republic
- President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Célestin Gaombalet, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (2003–2005)
- Chad
- President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister – Moussa Faki, Prime Minister of Chad (2003–2005)
- Comoros
- President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–present)
- Djibouti
- President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
- Egypt
- President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
- Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Eritrea
- President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [lower-alpha 1]
- Ethiopia
- President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
- Gabon
- President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
- The Gambia
- President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–present)
- Ghana
- President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
- Guinea
- President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
- François Lonseny Fall, Prime Minister of Guinea (2004)
- Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime Minister of Guinea (2004–2006)
- Guinea-Bissau
- President – Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Artur Sanhá, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2004)
- Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2004–2005)
- Ivory Coast
- President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
- Prime Minister – Seydou Diarra, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005)
- Kenya
- President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
- Lesotho
- Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
- Liberia
- Head of State – Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Prime Minister – Shukri Ghanem, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006)
- Madagascar
- President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jacques Sylla, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2002–2007)
- Malawi
- President –
- Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi (2004–2012)
- President –
- Mali
- President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime Minister of Mali (2002–2004)
- Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime Minister of Mali (2004–2007)
- Mauritania
- President – Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister – Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2003–2005)
- Mauritius
- President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister – Paul Bérenger, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2003–2005)
- Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)
- Prefect – Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
- Head of Government –
- Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Saïd Omar Oili, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2004–2008)
- Morocco
- Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Driss Jettou, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
- President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–present)
- Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–present)
- Mozambique
- President – Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
- Luisa Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
- Namibia
- President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister – Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime Minister of Namibia (2002–2005)
- Niger
- President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
- Nigeria
- President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
- Rwanda
- President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
- Michael Clancy, Governor of Saint Helena (2004–2007)
- Governor –
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President – Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Maria das Neves, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2002–2004)
- Damião Vaz d'Almeida, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Principe (2004–2005)
- Senegal
- President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Idrissa Seck, Prime Minister of Senegal (2002–2004)
- Macky Sall, Prime Minister of Senegal (2004–2007)
- Seychelles
- President
- France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–present)
- President
- Sierra Leone
- President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
- Somalia
- the Somali Transitional National Government was superseded on 6 April
- President –
- Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
- Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia (2004–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime Minister of Somalia (2003–2004)
- Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime Minister of Somalia (2004–2007)
- Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
- Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
- President –
- Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (2002–2004)
- Mohamed Hashi, President of Puntland (2004–2005)
- President –
- President –
- South Africa
- President – Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
- Sudan
- President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland
- Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
- Tanzania
- President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Togo
- President – Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister – Koffi Sama, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
- Tunisia
- President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
- Uganda
- President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
- Zambia
- President – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
- Zimbabwe
- President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- the Transitional Islamic State was superseded on 7 December
- President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2001–2014)
- Bahrain
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present) [lower-alpha 2]
- Bangladesh
- President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
- Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2003–2004)
- Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2004–2005)
- Brunei
- Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [lower-alpha 3]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Monarch –
- Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
- Regent –
- Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present) [lower-alpha 4]
- Monarch –
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (2002–2012)
- President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
- Premier – Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
- East Timor
- President – Xanana Gusmão, President of East Timor (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Mari Alkatiri, Prime Minister of East Timor (2001–2006)
- India
- President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
- Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)
- Indonesia
- President –
- Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
- Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)
- President –
- Iran
- Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Iraq
- regained independence; the American-led, occupying Iraqi Coalition Provisional Authority dissolved on 28 June
- Administrator – Paul Bremer, Civilian administrator of Iraq (2003–2004)
- President – Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, President of Iraq (2004–2005)
- Head of Government –
- Adnan Pachachi, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Mohsen Abdel Hamid, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Masoud Barzani, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Ezzedine Salim, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, President of the Governing Council of Iraq (2004)
- Ayad Allawi, Prime Minister of Iraq (2004–2005)
- Israel
- President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
- Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President –
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Qurei, Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority (2003–2005)
- Japan
- Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
- Jordan
- Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Faisal al-Fayez, Prime Minister of Jordan (2003–2005)
- Kazakhstan
- President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present) [lower-alpha 5]
- Prime Minister – Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2003–2007)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [lower-alpha 6] (1993–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
- Premier – Pak Pong-ju, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President –
- Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (2003–2008)
- Goh Kun, Acting President of South Korea (2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Goh Kun, Prime Minister of South Korea (2003–2004)
- Lee Hun-jai, Acting Prime Minister of South Korea (2004)
- Lee Hae-chan, Prime Minister of South Korea (2004–2006)
- President –
- Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006)
- Kyrgyzstan
- President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 7]
- Prime Minister – Nikolai Tanayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier – Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006)
- Lebanon
- President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2000–2004)
- Omar Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (2004–2005)
- Malaysia
- Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
- Maldives
- President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
- Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2004–2006)
- Myanmar
- Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Khin Nyunt, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2003–2004)
- Soe Win, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2004–2007)
- Nepal
- Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (2003–2004)
- Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2004–2005)
- Oman
- Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2002–2004)
- Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004)
- Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004–2007)
- Philippines
- President – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
- Qatar
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
- Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–present)
- Sri Lanka
- President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
- Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2004–2005)
- Syria
- President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008)
- Premier – Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005)
- Tajikistan
- President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
- Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
- Turkey
- President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
- Turkmenistan
- President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006) [lower-alpha 8]
- United Arab Emirates
- President –
- Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
- Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Acting President of the United Arab Emirates (2004)
- Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- President –
- Uzbekistan
- President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present) [lower-alpha 9]
- Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–present)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
- President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Yemen
- President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [lower-alpha 10]
- Prime Minister – Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)
Europe
- Albania
- President – Alfred Moisiu, President of Albania (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
- Andorra
- Monarchs –
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007)
- Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Monarchs –
- Armenia
- President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
- Austria
- President –
- Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Andreas Khol, Barbara Prammer, and Thomas Prinzhorn; Acting Heads of State of Austria (2004) [lower-alpha 11]
- Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–present)
- Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
- President –
- Azerbaijan
- President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
- Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister – Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
- Belarus
- President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister – Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb Member – Borislav Paravac (2003–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2004–2005)
- Bosniak Member – Sulejman Tihić (2002–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2004)
- Croat Member – Dragan Čović (2002–2005, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2003–2004)
- Prime Minister – Adnan Terzić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2007)
- High Representative – Lord Paddy Ashdown, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2006)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
- Croatia
- President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
- Prime Minister – Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)
- Cyprus
- President – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (2003–2008)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- Mehmet Ali Talat, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2004–2005)
- Czech Republic
- President – Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Vladimír Špidla, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2002–2004)
- Stanislav Gross, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2004–2005)
- Denmark
- Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
- Estonia
- President – Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005)
- Finland
- President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
- France
- President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
- Georgia
- President –
- Nino Burjanadze, Acting President of Georgia (2003–2004)
- Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2004–2007)
- Prime Minister – Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia [lower-alpha 12] (2003–2005)
- Abkhazia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) [lower-alpha 13]
- Prime Minister –
- Raul Khajimba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2003–2004)
- Nodar Khashba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2004–2005)
- South Ossetia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005)
- President –
- Germany
- President –
- Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
- Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010)
- Chancellor – Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
- President –
- Greece
- President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- Kostas Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009)
- Hungary
- President – Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
- Prime Minister
- Péter Medgyessy, Prime Minister of Hungary (2002–2004)
- Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister of Hungary (2004–2009)
- Iceland
- President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Halldór Ásgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (2004–2006)
- Ireland
- President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
- Italy
- President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
- Latvia
- President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Einars Repše, Prime Minister of Latvia (2002–2004)
- Indulis Emsis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2004)
- Aigars Kalvītis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2004–2007)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
- Lithuania
- President –
- Rolandas Paksas, President of Lithuania (2003–2004)
- Artūras Paulauskas, Acting President of Lithuania (2004)
- Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
- President –
- Luxembourg
- Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
- Macedonia
- President –
- Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
- Ljupčo Jordanovski, Acting President of Macedonia (2004)
- Branko Crvenkovski, President of Macedonia (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister –
- Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2002–2004)
- Radmila Šekerinska, Acting President of the Government of Macedonia (2004)
- Hari Kostov, President of the Government of Macedonia (2004)
- Radmila Šekerinska, Acting President of the Government of Macedonia (2004)
- Vlado Bučkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (2004–2006)
- President –
- Malta
- President –
- Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
- Eddie Fenech Adami, President of Malta (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister –
- Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
- Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013)
- President –
- Moldova
- President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
- Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
- Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [lower-alpha 14]
- Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2003–2004)
- Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
- Poland
- President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
- Marek Belka, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2004–2005)
- Portugal
- President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- José Manuel Barroso, Prime Minister of Portugal (2002–2004)
- Pedro Santana Lopes, Prime Minister of Portugal (2004–2005)
- Romania
- President –
- Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004)
- Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
- Eugen Bejinariu, Acting Prime Minister of Romania (2004)
- Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime Minister of Romania (2004–2008)
- President –
- Russia
- President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- San Marino
- Captains-Regent –
- Giovanni Lonfernini and Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (2003–2004)
- Paolo Bollini and Marino Riccardi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2004)
- Giuseppe Arzilli and Roberto Raschi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2004–2005)
- Captains-Regent –
- Serbia and Montenegro
- President – Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Prime Minister – Svetozar Marović, Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
- President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Bajram Rexhepi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2002–2004)
- Ramush Haradinaj, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2004–2005)
- UN Special Representative –
- Harri Holkeri, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2003–2004)
- Charles H. Brayshaw, Acting Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2004)
- Søren Jessen-Petersen, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2004–2006)
- Slovakia
- President –
- Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
- Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
- President –
- Slovenia
- President – Janez Drnovšek, President of Slovenia (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Anton Rop, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2002–2004)
- Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2004–2008)
- Spain
- Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister –
- José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
- José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
- Sweden
- Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
- Switzerland
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [lower-alpha 15]
- Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006; President of Switzerland, 2004), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Christoph Blocher (2003–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010)
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [lower-alpha 15]
- Ukraine
- President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005)
- Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2004)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005)
- Chief Minister –
- Richard Corkill, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2001–2004)
- Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2004–2006)
- Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
- Bailiff – Sir de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
- Chief Minister – Laurie Morgan, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2004–2007)
- Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
- Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Sir Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Vatican City
- Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
North America
- Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla (2000–2004)
- Mark Andrew Capes, Acting Governor of Anguilla (2004)
- Alan Huckle, Governor of Anguilla (2004–2006)
- Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
- Governor –
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor –
- Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009)
- Governor –
- The Bahamas
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
- Prime Minister – Perry Christie, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007)
- Barbados
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
- Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Sir John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007)
- Premier – Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006)
- British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006)
- Chief Minister – Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007)
- Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Prime Minister – Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)
- Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – McKeeva Bush, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (2001–2005)
- Costa Rica
- President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
- Osborne Riviere, Acting Prime Minister of Dominica (2004)
- Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
- Dominican Republic
- President –
- Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
- Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012)
- President –
- El Salvador
- President –
- Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
- Antonio Saca, President of El Salvador (2004–2009)
- President –
- Grenada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Guatemala
- President –
- Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
- Óscar Berger, President of Guatemala (2004–2008)
- President –
- Haiti
- President –
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004)
- Boniface Alexandre, Acting President of Haiti (2004–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Yvon Neptune, Prime Minister of Haiti (2002–2004)
- Gérard Latortue, Prime Minister of Haiti (2004–2006)
- President –
- Honduras
- President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
- Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
- Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004)
- Sir Howard Fergus, Acting Governor of Montserrat (2004)
- Deborah Barnes-Jones, Governor of Montserrat (2004–2007)
- Chief Minister – John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006)
- Governor –
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- Mirna Louisa-Godett, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2003–2004)
- Etienne Ys, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2004–2006)
- Nicaragua
- President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007)
- Panama
- President –
- Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
- Martín Torrijos, President of Panama (2004–2009)
- President –
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
- Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)
- Prefect – Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2000–2005)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–present)
- Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Jim Poston, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2002–2005)
- Chief Minister – Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009)
- United States
- President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor – Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005)
- United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
- Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
- Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005)
- Shire-President – Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Evan Williams, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005)
- Shire-President – Ronald Grant, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007)
- Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
- Fiji
- President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2009)
- Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
- French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner – Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (2001–2005)
- President –
- Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia (2004)
- Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia (2004–2005)
- Guam (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
- Kiribati
- President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–present)
- Marshall Islands
- President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
- Micronesia
- President – Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007)
- Nauru
- President –
- René Harris, President of Nauru (2003–2004)
- Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2004–2007)
- President –
- New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner – Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005)
- Head of Government –
- New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
- Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Robert Woonton, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2002–2004)
- Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator – Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Kolouei O'Brien, Head of Government of Tokelau (2003–2004)
- Patuki Isaako, Head of Government of Tokelau (2004–2005)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
- Palau
- President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009)
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General –
- Bill Skate, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2003–2004)
- Jeffrey Nape, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004)
- Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010)
- Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
- Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
- Mayor –
- Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
- Brenda Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2004)
- Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
- Solomon Islands
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General –
- Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
- Nathaniel Waena, Governor-General of Solomon Islands (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
- Tonga
- Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [lower-alpha 16]
- Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General – Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Saufatu Sopoanga, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2002–2004)
- Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2004–2006)
- Vanuatu
- President –
- John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
- Roger Abiut, Acting President of Vanuatu (2004)
- Alfred Maseng, President of Vanuatu (2004)
- Roger Abiut, Acting President of Vanuatu (2004)
- Josias Moli, Acting President of Vanuatu (2004)
- Kalkot Mataskelekele, President of Vanuatu (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister –
- Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
- Serge Vohor, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2004)
- Ham Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2004–2008)
- President –
- Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)
- Administrator – Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005)
- Head of Government – Patalione Kanimoa, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2001–2005)
South America
- Argentina
- President – Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007)
- Bolivia
- President – Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005)
- Brazil
- President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2011)
- Chile
- President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
- Colombia
- President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
- Ecuador
- President – Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005)
- Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006)
- Head of Government – Chris Simpkins, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2003–2007)
- Guyana
- President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
- Paraguay
- President – Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008)
- Peru
- President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Carlos Ferrero, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (2003–2005)
- Suriname
- President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
- Uruguay
- President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
- Venezuela
- President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)
Notes
- ↑ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ↑ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
- ↑ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
- ↑ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
- ↑ The three-member presidency, of the National Council, acted collectively on 6–8 July as head of state—circumstances ensuing exclusively during permanent vacancies, in the position of Federal President.
- ↑ The title changed from Minister of State to Prime Minister on 17 February.
- ↑ Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
- ↑ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ↑ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. Within this executive council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ↑ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
External links
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- WorldStatesmen.org—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories
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