List of state leaders in 1999
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1999.
Africa
- Algeria
- President -
- Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
- Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998–1999)
- Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999–2000)
- President -
- Angola
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–1999)
- Benin
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- Botswana
- President - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
- Burkina Faso
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
- Burundi
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
- Cape Verde
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
- Central African Republic -
- President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Chad
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
- Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
- Comoros
- President -
- Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Interim President of the Comoros (1998–1999)
- Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1998–1999)
- Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1999–2000)
- Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President -
- Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan (1997–1999)
- Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
- President -
- President -
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- President -
- Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999–2000)
- Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- President -
- Djibouti
- President -
- Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- President -
- Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
- Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
- Eritrea
- President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)[1]
- Ethiopia
- President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister -
- Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994–1999)
- Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
- The Gambia
- President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–present)
- Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister -
- Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
- Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
- Guinea-Bissau
- President -
- Prime Minister - Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998–2000)
- Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
- Liberia
- President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government - Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
- Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
- Malawi
- President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- Mali
- President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
- Mauritania
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
- Mauritius
- President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Morocco
- Monarch -
- Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Monarch -
- Mozambique
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
- Namibia
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger
- President -
- Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
- Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council of Niger (1999)
- Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
- President -
- Nigeria
- Head of State -
- Abdulsalami Abubakar, Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1998–1999)
- Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
- Head of State -
- Rwanda
- President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995–2000)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- David Leslie Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995–1999)
- David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
- Governor -
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998–2000)
- Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone
- President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
- Somalia
- no functioning central government
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Puntland (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
- President - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2002)
- Jubaland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- independent Jubaland extinguished on 11 June 1999
- President - Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, President of Jubaland (1998–1999)
- South Africa
- President -
- Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994–1999)
- Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
- President -
- Sudan
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
- Tanzania
- President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996–1999)
- Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000)
- Tunisia
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
- Uganda
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994–1999)
- Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
- Zambia
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- De facto leader - Mullah Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Head of State - Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) (internationally recognized government, controlling about 10% of the country)
- President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister - Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997–2001)
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- Bahrain
- Monarch -
- Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[2]
- Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)[3]
- Monarch -
- Bangladesh
- President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Bhutan -
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister -
- Jigme Thinley, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1998–1999)
- Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan (1999–2000)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[4]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)[5]
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President - Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
- East Timor (under UN administration)
- Special Representative - Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
- India
- President - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
- Indonesia
- President -
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, President of Indonesia (1998–1999)
- Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
- President -
- Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Iraq -
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
- Israel
- President - Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999)
- Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001)
- Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President - Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
- Japan
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Keizō Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998–2000)
- Jordan
- Monarch -
- Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Regent - Prince Hassan bin Talal, Regent of Jordan (1998–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1998–1999)
- Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh, Prime Minister of Jordan (1999–2000)
- Monarch -
- Kazakhstan
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–present)[6]
- Prime Minister -
- Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)[7]
- Nominal Head of State - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–present)
- Premier - Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (1997–2003)
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister - Kim Jong-pil, Prime Minister of South Korea (1998–2000)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[8]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[9]
- Kyrgyzstan
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[10]
- Prime Minister -
- Jumabek Ibraimov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1998–1999)
- Boris Silayev, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999)
- Amangeldy Muraliyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1999–2000)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President - Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier - Sisavath Keobounphanh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1998–2001)
- Lebanon
- President - Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister - Selim al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1998–2000)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- joined China on 20 December 1999
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991–1999)
- Malaysia
- Monarch -
- Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1994–1999)
- Sultan Salahuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1999–2001)
- Prime Minister - Dato' Sri Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Monarch -
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- President - Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998–1999)
- Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, Acting Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999)
- Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999–2000)
- Myanmar
- Head of State - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998–1999)
- Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (1999–2000)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President - Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997–1999)
- Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999–2002)
- Philippines
- President - Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President -
- Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993–1999)
- S.R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- President -
- Sri Lanka
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier - Vincent Siew, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1997–2000)
- Tajikistan
- President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996–1999)
- Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister - Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
- Turkey
- President - Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Mesut Yılmaz, Prime Minister of Turkey (1997–1999)
- Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
- Turkmenistan
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President for Life of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[11]
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan
- President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–present)[12]
- Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader - Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001)
- President - Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister - Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Yemen
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012)[13]
- Prime Minister - Abd al-Karim al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1998–2001)
Europe
- Albania -
- President - Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
- Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
- Andorra -
- Monarchs
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (1997–1999)
- Frédéric de Saint-Sernin (1999–2002)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Monarchs
- Armenia -
- President - Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister -
- Armen Darbinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1998–1999)
- Vazgen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999)
- Aram Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1999–2000)
- Austria -
- President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor - Viktor Klima, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
- Azerbaijan -
- President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister -
- Zhirayr Poghosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1998–1999)
- Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
- Belarus -
- President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister - Syargey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1997–2000)
- Belgium -
- Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister -
- Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
- Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina -
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb member - Živko Radišić (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998–1999)
- Bosniak member - Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000)
- Croat member - Ante Jelavić (1998–2001), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2000)
- Co-Prime Ministers -
- Haris Silajdžić and Boro Bosić, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
- Haris Silajdžić and Svetozar Mihajlović, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2000)
- High Representative -
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria -
- President - Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister - Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
- Croatia -
- President -
- Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)[14]
- Vlatko Pavletić, Acting President of Croatia (1999–2000)
- Prime Minister - Zlatko Mateša, Prime Minister of Croatia (1995–2000)
- President -
- Cyprus -
- President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- Czech Republic -
- President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
- Estonia -
- President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997–1999)
- Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999–2002)
- Finland -
- President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
- France -
- President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
- Georgia -
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister - Vazha Lortkipanidze, Minister of State of Georgia (1998–2000)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)[15]
- Prime Minister -
- Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
- Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
- Prime Minister - Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001)
- Germany -
- President -
- Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
- Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
- Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
- President -
- Greece -
- President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- Hungary -
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
- Iceland -
- President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Ireland -
- President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
- Italy -
- President -
- Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
- Nicola Mancino, Acting President of Italy (1999)
- Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister - Massimo D'Alema, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1998–2000)
- President -
- Latvia -
- President -
- Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
- Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister -
- Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998–1999)
- Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1999–2000)
- President -
- Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
- Lithuania -
- President - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996–1999)
- Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
- Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
- Irena Degutienė, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999)
- Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1999–2000)
- Luxembourg -
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Regent - Hereditary Grand Duke Henri, Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
- Macedonia -
- President -
- Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995–1999)
- Savo Klimovski, Acting President of Macedonia (1999)
- Boris Trajkovski, President of Macedonia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Ljubčo Georgievski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1998–2002)
- President -
- Malta -
- President -
- Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
- Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
- President -
- Moldova -
- President - Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
- Ion Sturza, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999)
- Dumitru Braghiş, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999–2001)
- Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)[16]
- Monaco -
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway -
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister - Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
- Poland -
- President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
- Portugal -
- President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
- Romania -
- President - Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
- Alexandru Athanasiu, Interim Prime Minister of Romania (1999)
- Mugur Isărescu, Prime Minister of Romania (1999–2000)
- Russia -
- President -
- Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)[17]
- Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister -
- Yevgeny Primakov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1998–1999)
- Sergei Stepashin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1999)
- Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1999–2000)
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Aslan Maskhadov, President of Ichkeria (1997–2005)[18]
- President -
- San Marino
- Captains-Regent -
- Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 1998 - April 1999)
- Antonello Bacciocchi and Rosa Zafferani, Captains-Regent of San Marino (April - October 1999)
- Marino Bollini and Giuseppe Arzilli, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 1999 - April 2000)
- Captains-Regent -
- Slovakia -
- President -
- Mikuláš Dzurinda and Jozef Migaš, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998–1999)
- Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
- President -
- Slovenia -
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)[19]
- Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
- Spain -
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
- Sweden -
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
- Switzerland -
- Federal Council:[20]
- Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002, President), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006)
- Federal Council:[20]
- Ukraine -
- President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997–1999)
- Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001)
- United Kingdom -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
- Bailiff -
- Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
- de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
- Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1995–2000)
- Chief minister - Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1996–2001)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Richard Luce, Baron Luce, Governor of Gibraltar (1997–2000)
- Chief Minister - Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Vatican City -
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Yugoslavia -
- President - Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
- Prime Minister - Momir Bulatović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1998–2000)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration 1999-2008) / Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state 1991-2000)
- UN Special Representative - Bernard Kouchner, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (1999–2001)
- President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
- Hashim Thaçi (in opposition), Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1999–2000)
North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robert Harris, Governor of Anguilla (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1994–2000)
- Antigua and Barbuda -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
- The Bahamas -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda (1997–2002)
- Premier - Jennifer M. Smith, Premier of Bermuda (1998–2003)
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1998–2002)
- Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
- Canada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General -
- Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada (1995–1999)
- Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1995–1999)
- Peter Smith, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1999–2002)
- Head of Government - Truman Bodden, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1994–2000)
- Governor -
- Costa Rica
- President - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica -
- President - Vernon Shaw, President of Dominica (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister - Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
- El Salvador -
- President -
- Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994–1999)
- Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
- President -
- Grenada -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Guatemala
- President - Álvaro Arzú, President of Guatemala (1996–2000)
- Haiti -
- President - René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999–2001)
- Honduras
- President - Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
- Jamaica -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President - Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994–2000)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Chief Minister - David Brandt, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Susanne Camelia-Römer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1998–1999)
- Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1999–2002)
- Nicaragua
- President - Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
- Panama
- President -
- Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994–1999)
- Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1999–2004)
- President -
- Saint Kitts and Nevis -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
- Saint Lucia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–present)
- Prime Minister - Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Rémi Thuau, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1997–1999)
- Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1999–2001)
- President of the General Council - Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
- Prime Minister - Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago -
- President - A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Kelly, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
- United States of America
- President - Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor -
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor - Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
- Australia -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1998-1999)
- Bill Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1999–2003)
- Shire President - Dave McLane, Shire president of Christmas Island (1998–2001)
- Administrator -
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1998-1999)
- Bill Taylor, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999–2003)
- Shire President -
- Radal bin Feyrel, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1995-1999)
- Mohammad Said Chongkin, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1999-2001)
- Administrator -
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator - Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
- Chief Minister - George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
- Fiji -
- President - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992–1999)
- Mahendra Chaudhry, Prime Minister of Fiji (1999–2000)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
- Kiribati
- President - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Marshall Islands
- President - Imata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1997–2000)
- Micronesia
- President -
- Jacob Nena, President of Micronesia (1997–1999)
- Leo Falcam, President of Micronesia (1999–2003)
- President -
- Nauru
- President -
- Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1998–1999)
- René Harris, President of Nauru (1999–2000)
- President -
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory until 1999, then Sui Generis Collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner -
- Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995–1999)
- Bernard Bouloc, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999)
- Thierry Lataste, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1999–2002)
- Head of Government - Jean Lèques, President of the Government of New Caledonia (1999–2001)
- High Commissioner -
- New Zealand -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1997–1999)
- Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative - Sir Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
- Joe Williams, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999)
- Terepai Maoate, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999–2002)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier -
- Frank Lui, Premier of Niue (1993–1999)
- Sani Lakatani, Premier of Niue (1999–2002)
- Premier -
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Head of Government -
- Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (1998–1999)
- Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (1999–2000)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1998–2002)
- Palau
- President - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001)[21]
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997–1999)
- Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001)
- Mayor -
- Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
- Steve Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (1999–2004)
- Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–present)
- Solomon Islands -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
- Sir John Lapli, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister - Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1997–2000)
- Tonga -
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[22]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu -
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996–1999)
- Ionatana Ionatana, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1999–2000)
- Vanuatu -
- President -
- Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
- Edward Natapei, Acting President of Vanuatu (1999)
- John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister -
- Donald Kalpokas, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1998–1999)
- Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
- President -
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Christian Dors, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1998–2000)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1997–1999)
- Soane Mani Uhila, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1999–2001)
South America
- Argentina
- President -
- Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
- Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina (1999–2001)
- President -
- Bolivia
- President - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
- Brazil
- President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2003)
- Chile
- President - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994–2000)
- Colombia
- President - Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002)
- Ecuador
- President - Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador (1998–2000)
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Richard Ralph, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1996–1999)
- Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1999–2002)
- Chief Executive - Andrew Gurr, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1994–1999)
- Governor -
- Guyana -
- President -
- Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997–1999)
- Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997–1999)
- Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999)
- Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
- President -
- Paraguay
- President -
- Raúl Cubas Grau, President of Paraguay (1998–1999)
- Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999–2003)
- President -
- Peru -
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Suriname
- President - Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996–2000)
- Uruguay
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
- Venezuela
- President -
- Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994–1999)
- Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999–2002)
- President -
References
- ↑ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ↑ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ↑ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
- ↑ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ The position of the Chairman was declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ↑ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ↑ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ↑ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
- ↑ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
- ↑ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ↑ Russia only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ The capital was retaken by Russia in 2000 and Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards.
- ↑ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ↑ Palau only became independent in 1994.
- ↑ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
External links
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