List of state leaders in 1989

See also
List of state leaders in 1988 Events of 1989 List of state leaders in 1990 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1989 List of sovereign states in 1989 List of foreign ministers in 1989

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1989.

Africa

Algeria
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kasdi Merbah, Prime Minister of Algeria (1988–1989)
  2. Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime Minister of Algeria (1989–1991)
Angola -
- Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos, Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
Benin
- Communist Party Leader - Mathieu Kérékou, Secretary of the Popular Revolutionary Party of Benin (1979–1990)
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)
Botswana
- President - Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
Burkina Faso
- Head of State - Blaise Compaoré, Head of State of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
Burundi
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1988–1993)
Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
Cape Verde
- President - Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister - Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
Central African Republic
- President - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
Chad
- President - Hissène Habré, President of Chad (1982–1990)
Comoros
- President -
  1. Ahmed Abdallah, President of the Comoros (1978–1989)
  2. Said Mohamed Djohar, President of the Comoros (1989–1995)
Congo
- Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ange Édouard Poungui, Prime Minister of Congo (1984–1989)
  2. Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime Minister of Congo (1989–1990)
Côte d'Ivoire
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960–1993)
Djibouti
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)
Ethiopia
- Communist Party Leader - Mengistu Haile Mariam, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (1984–1991)
- President - Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1987–1989)
  2. Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1989–1991)
Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Léon Mébiame, Prime Minister of Gabon (1975–1990)
The Gambia
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
Ghana
- Head of State - Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)
Guinea
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
Guinea-Bissau
- Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
Lesotho
- Monarch - Moshoeshoe II, King of Lesotho (1965–1990)
- Head of Government - Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1986–1991)
Liberia
- President - Samuel Doe, President of Liberia (1980–1990)
Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Mifta al-Usta Umar, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1984–1990)
- Head of Government - Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1987–1990)
Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister - Victor Ramahatra, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988–1991)
Malawi
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
Mali
- President - Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968–1991)
Mauritania
- Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984–1992)
Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Daniel Limodin, Prefect of Mayotte (1988–1990)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976–1991)
Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
  - President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
  - Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1988–1993)
Mozambique -
- Communist Party Leader - Joaquim Chissano, President of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (1986–1990)
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
Niger
- Head of State - Ali Saibou, President of the Supreme Council of National Orientation of Niger (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Mamane Oumarou, Prime Minister of Niger (1988–1989)
Nigeria
- Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida, President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria (1985–1993)
Rwanda
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
- Governor - Robert F Stimson, Governor of Saint Helena (1988–1991)
São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
- Prime Minister - Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988–1991)
Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
Sierra Leone
- President - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985–1992)
Somalia -
- Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre, Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
- President - Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- Prime Minister - Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime Minister of Somalia (1987–1990)
South Africa
- President -
  1. P. W. Botha, State President of South Africa (1984–1989)
  2. Chris Heunis, Acting State President of South Africa (1989)
  3. F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989–1994)
- Bophuthatswana (unrecognized state)
  - President - Lucas Mangope, President of Bophuthatswana (1968–1994)^[1]
- Ciskei (unrecognized state)
  - President - Lennox Sebe, President of Ciskei (1973–1990)^[2]
- Transkei (unrecognized state)
  - President - Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase, President of Transkei (1986–1994)
  - Prime Minister - Bantu Holomisa, Prime Minister of Transkei (1987–1994)
- Venda (unrecognized state)
  - President - Frank N. Ravel, President of Venda (1988–1990)
- South West Africa (League of Nations mandate administered by South Africa)
  - Administrator-General - Louis Pienaar, Administrator-General of South West Africa (1985–1990)
  - Chairman of the Government -
    1. Andrew Matjila, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1988–1989)
    2. Harry Booysen, Chairman of the Transitional Government of National Unity of South West Africa (1989)
Sudan
- Head of State -
  1. Ahmed al-Mirghani, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Sudan (1986–1989)
  2. Omar al-Bashir, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister of Sudan (1986–1989)
Swaziland
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sotsha Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1986–1989)
  2. Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989–1993)
Tanzania
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Sinde Warioba, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1985–1990)
Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
Tunisia
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Hédi Baccouche, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1987–1989)
  2. Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
Uganda
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986–1991)
Zaire
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Head of Government - Kengo wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1988–1990)
Zambia
- President - Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985–1989)
  2. Malimba Masheke, Prime Minister of Zambia (1989–1991)
Zimbabwe
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Communist Party Leader - Mohammad Najibullah, General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (1986–1990)
- President - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (1987–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1988–1989)
  2. Sultan Ali Keshtmand, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1989–1990)
Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)^[3]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–present)^[4]
Bangladesh
- President - Hussain Muhammad Ershad, President of Bangladesh (1983–1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Moudud Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1988–1989)
  2. Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1989–1990)
Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)^[5]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Burma
- see under Myanmar
Cambodia
- People's Republic of Kampuchea changes name to State of Cambodia on 1 May 1989
- Communist Party Leader - Heng Samrin, Secretary-General of the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981–1991)
- Head of State - Heng Samrin, Chairman of the Council of State of Cambodia (1979–1992)
- Premier - Hun Sen, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Cambodia (1985–present)^[6]
China (People's Republic of China)
- De facto leader - Deng Xiaoping, Paramount leader (late 1970s - early 1990s)
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Zhao Ziyang, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1987–1989)
  2. Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President - Yang Shangkun, President of China (1988–1993)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the State Council of China (1987–1998)
Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir David Wilson, Governor of Hong Kong (1987–1992)
India
- President - R. Venkataraman, President of India (1987–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (1984–1989)
  2. V. P. Singh, Prime Minister of India (1989–1990)
Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
Iran
- Supreme Leader
  1. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran (1979–1989)
  2. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President
  1. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, President of Iran (1981–1989)
  2. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989–1997)
- Prime Minister - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Prime Minister of Iran (1981–1989)
Iraq
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1979–1991)
Israel
- President - Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Yitzhak Shamir, Prime Minister of Israel (1986–1992)
Japan
- Monarch -
  1. Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
  2. Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–present)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Noboru Takeshita, Prime Minister of Japan (1987–1989)
  2. Sōsuke Uno, Prime Minister of Japan (1989)
  3. Toshiki Kaifu, Prime Minister of Japan (1989–1991)
Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Zaid al-Rifai, Prime Minister of Jordan (1985–1989)
  2. Zaid ibn Shaker, Prime Minister of Jordan (1989)
  3. Mudar Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan (1989–1991)
Kampuchea
- see under Cambodia
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) -
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Il-sung, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1949–1994)
- President - Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (1972–1994)
- Premier - Yon Hyong-muk, Premier of the Council of Ministers of North Korea (1988–1992)
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President - Roh Tae-woo, President of South Korea (1988–1993)
- Prime Minister - Kang Young-hoon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1988–1990)
Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)^[7]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)^[7]
Laos
- Communist Party Leader - Kaysone Phomvihane, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1975–1992)
- President -
  - Souphanouvong, President of Laos (1975–1991)
  - Phoumi Vongvichit, Acting President of Laos (1986–1991)
- Premier - Kaysone Phomvihane, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1975–1991)
Lebanon
- President -
  1. Selim al-Hoss, Acting President of Lebanon (1988–1989)
  2. René Moawad, President of Lebanon (1989)
  3. Selim al-Hoss, Acting President of Lebanon (1989)
  4. Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister -
  - Michel Aoun, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1988–1990)
  - Selim al-Hoss, Prime Minister of Lebanon (rival administration) (1987–1990)
Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Carlos Montez Melancia, Governor of Macau (1987–1990)
Malaysia
- Monarch -
  1. Sultan Iskandar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1984–1989)
  2. Sultan Azlan Shah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
Mongolia -
- Communist Party Leader - Jambyn Batmönkh, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1984–1990)
- Head of State - Jambyn Batmönkh, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural of Mongolia (1984–1990)
- Premier - Dumaagiin Sodnom, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1984–1990)
Myanmar
- translation of the country's name changed from Burma to Myanmar on 18 June 1989
- Head of State - Saw Maung, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar (1988–1992)
- Prime Minister - Saw Maung, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1988–1992)
Nepal
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister - Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Prime Minister of Nepal (1986–1990)
Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
Pakistan
- President - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (1988–1993)
- Prime Minister - Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990)
Philippines
- President - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines (1986–1992)
Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972–1995)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1970–1995)^[8]
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
Singapore
- President - Wee Kim Wee, President of Singapore (1985–1993)
- Prime Minister - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore (1959–1990)^[9]
Sri Lanka
- President -
  1. Junius Richard Jayewardene, President of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
  2. Ranasinghe Premadasa, President of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ranasinghe Premadasa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1978–1989)
  2. Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1989–1993)
Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
Taiwan (Republic of China) -
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier -
  1. Yu Kuo-hwa, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1984–1989)
  2. Lee Huan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1989–1990)
Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–present)
- Prime Minister - Chatichai Choonhavan, Prime Minister of Thailand (1988–1991)
Turkey
- President -
  1. Kenan Evren, President of Turkey (1982–1989)
  2. Turgut Özal, President of Turkey (1989–1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Turgut Özal, Prime Minister of Turkey (1983–1989)
  2. Ali Bozer, Acting Prime Minister of Turkey (1989)
  3. Yıldırım Akbulut, Prime Minister of Turkey (1989–1991)
United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1979–1990)
Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader - Nguyễn Văn Linh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1986–1991)
- Head of State - Võ Chí Công, Chairman of the State Council of Vietnam (1987–1992)
- Premier - Đỗ Mười, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (1988–1991)
North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic)
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of North Yemen (1978–2012)^[10]
- Prime Minister - Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of North Yemen (1983–1990)
South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen)
- Communist Party Leader - Ali Salim al-Beidh, Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party (1986–1990)
- Head of State - Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council of South Yemen (1986–1990)
- Prime Minister - Yasin Said Numan, Prime Minister of South Yemen (1986–1990)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985–1991)
- Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
- Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
    - Co-Prince's Representative -
      1. Louis Deblé (1984–1989)
      2. Jean-Pierre Courtois (1989–1993)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Francesc Badia i Batalla (1972–1993)
- Prime Minister - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984–1990)
Austria
- President - Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
- Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
Belgium
- Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
- Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1982–1992)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
  2. Petar Mladenov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1989–1990)
- Head of State -
  1. Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
  2. Petar Mladenov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1989–1990)
- Premier - Georgi Atanasov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986–1990)
Cyprus
- President - George Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
  - President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
  - Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
Czechoslovakia -
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Milouš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1987–1989)
  2. Karel Urbánek, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1989)
  3. Ladislav Adamec, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1989–1990)
- President -
  1. Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
  2. Marián Čalfa, Acting President of Czechoslovakia (1989)
  3. Václav Havel, President of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988–1989)
  2. Marián Čalfa, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)
Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
Finland
- President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982–1994)
- Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987–1991)
France
- President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
- Prime Minister - Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988–1991)
East Germany (German Democratic Republic)
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
  2. Egon Krenz, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1989)
- Head of State -
  1. Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
  2. Egon Krenz, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1989)
  3. Manfred Gerlach, Acting Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1989–1990)
- Premier -
  1. Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
  2. Hans Modrow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1989–1990)
West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
- President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of West Germany (1984–1994)^[11]
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)^[12]
- West Berlin (Western Allies-occupied free city)
  - Governing Mayor -
    1. Eberhard Diepgen, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1984–1989)
    2. Walter Momper, Governing Mayor of Berlin (1989–1990)
Greece
- President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985–1990)
- Prime Minister-
  1. Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)
  2. Tzannis Tzannetakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1989)
  3. Yiannis Grivas, Interim Prime Minister of Greece (1989)
  4. Xenophon Zolotas, Prime Minister of Greece (1989–1990)
Hungary
- the People's Republic of Hungary changed into the Hungarian Republic on 23 October 1989
- Communist Party Leader - Károly Grósz, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988–1989)
- President -
  1. Brunó Ferenc Straub, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1988–1989)
  2. Mátyás Szűrös, Interim President of Hungary (1989–1990)
- Premier - Miklós Németh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1988–1990)
Iceland
- President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
- Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988–1991)
Ireland -
- President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
- Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1987–1992)
Italy
- President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ciriaco De Mita, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1988–1989)
  2. Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989–1992)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch -
  1. Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
  2. Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Regent - Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984–1989)
- Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg^[13] (1984–1995)
Malta
- President -
  1. Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987–1989)
  2. Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
  - Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
  - see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
  - see under North America
Norway
- Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986–1989)
  2. Jan P. Syse, Prime Minister of Norway (1989–1990)
Poland
- the People's Republic of Poland changed into the Republic of Poland on 30 December 1989
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
  2. Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1989–1990)
- President - Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1985–1990)
- Premier -
  1. Mieczysław Rakowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1988–1989)
  2. Czesław Kiszczak, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1989)
  3. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1989–1991)
Portugal
- President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986–1996)
- Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
Romania
- the Socialist Republic of Romania changed into Romania on 29 December 1989
- Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
- President -
  1. Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
  2. Council of the National Salvation Front, President of Romania (1989)
  3. Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982–1989)
  2. Petre Roman, Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1988–March 1989)
  2. Mauro Fiorini and Marino Vagnetti, Captains Regent of San Marino (April 1989–September 1989)
  3. Gloriana Ranocchini and Leo Achilli, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1989–March 1990)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
- Head of State - Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1988–1991)
- Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986–1991)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[14]
  Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998, President), Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), René Felber (1987–1993), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003)
United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Alexander Boswell, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
  - Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant-Governor - Sir William Pillar, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985–1990)
  - Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
  - Lieutenant Governor - Laurence New, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1985–1990)
  - Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986–1996)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
  - Governor -
    1. Sir Peter Terry, Governor of Gibraltar (1985–1989)
    2. Sir Derek Reffell, Governor of Gibraltar (1989–1993)
  - Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988–1996)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1984–1990)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
  - Secretary of State - Cardinal Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader -
  1. Stipe Šuvar, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1988–1989)
  2. Milan Pančevski, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
- Head of State -
  1. Raif Dizdarević, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1988–1989)
  2. Janez Drnovšek, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
- Premier -
  1. Branko Mikulić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1986–1989)
  2. Ante Marković, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1989–1991)

North America

Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
  1. Geoffrey Owen Whittaker, Governor of Anguilla (1987–1989)
  2. Brian G.J. Canty, Governor of Anguilla (1989–1992)
- Chief Minister - Emile Gumbs, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1984–1994)
Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Wilfred Jacobs, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1967–1993)^[15]
- Prime Minister - Vere Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1976–1994)^[16]
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Felipe Tromp, Governor of Aruba (1986–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1986–1989)
  2. Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (1989–1994)
The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Henry Milton Taylor, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1988–1992)
- Prime Minister - Sir Lynden Pindling, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1967–1992)^[17]
Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Hugh Springer, Governor-General of Barbados (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister - Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime Minister of Barbados (1987–1994)
Belize
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, Governor-General of Belize (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1984–1989)
  2. George Cadle Price, Prime Minister of Belize (1989–1993)
Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Sir Desmond Langley, Governor of Bermuda (1988–1992)
- Premier - John Swan, Premier of Bermuda (1982–1995)
British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Mark Herdman, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1991)
- Chief Minister - Lavity Stoutt, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1986–1995)
Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Jeanne Sauvé, Governor General of Canada (1984–1990)
- Prime Minister - Brian Mulroney, Prime Minister of Canada (1984–1993)
Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Alan James Scott, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1987–1992)
Costa Rica
- President - Óscar Arias, President of Costa Rica (1986–1990)
Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
Dominica
- President - Sir Clarence Seignoret, President of Dominica (1983–1993)
- Prime Minister - Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (1980–1995)
Dominican Republic
- President - Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (1986–1996)
El Salvador
- President -
  1. José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (1984–1989)
  2. Alfredo Cristiani, President of El Salvador (1989–1994)
Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Scoon, Governor-General of Grenada (1978–1992)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Herbert Blaize, Prime Minister of Grenada (1984–1989)
  2. Ben Jones, Prime Minister of Grenada (1989–1990)
Guatemala
- President - Vinicio Cerezo, President of Guatemala (1986–1991)
Haiti
- President - Prosper Avril, President of Haiti (1988–1990)
Honduras
- President - José Azcona del Hoyo, President of Honduras (1986–1990)
Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Florizel Glasspole, Governor-General of Jamaica (1973–1991)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Edward Seaga, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1980–1989)
  2. Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1989–1992)
Mexico
- President - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President of Mexico (1988–1994)
Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Christopher J. Turner, Governor of Montserrat (1987–1990)
- Chief Minister - John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1978–1991)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - René Römer, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1983–1990)
- Prime Minister - Maria Liberia Peters, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1988–1993)
Nicaragua
- President - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua (1985–1990)
Panama
- De facto leader - Manuel Noriega, Commandant of the Panamanian Defense Forces (1983–1989)
- President -
  1. Manuel Solís, Acting President of Panama (1988–1989)
  2. Francisco Rodríguez, Provisional President of Panama (1989)
  3. Guillermo Endara, President of Panama (1989–1994)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clement Arrindell, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1981–1995)^[18]
- Prime Minister - Kennedy Simmonds, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1980–1995)^[19]
Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Stanislaus A. James, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1988–1996)
- Prime Minister - John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1982–1996)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Jean-Pierre Marquié, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1989–1991)
- President of the General Council - Marc Plantegenest, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1984–1994)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Henry Harvey Williams, Acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1988–1989)
  2. David Emmanuel Jack, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister - James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
Trinidad and Tobago
- President - Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
- Prime Minister - A. N. R. Robinson, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1986–1991)
Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Michael J. Bradley, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1987–1993)
- Chief Minister - Oswald Skippings, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1988–1991)
United States of America
- President -
  1. Ronald Reagan, President of the United States (1981–1989)
  2. George H.W. Bush, President of the United States (1989–1993)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
  - Governor - Rafael Hernández Colón, Governor of Puerto Rico (1985–1993)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
  - Governor - Alexander Farrelly, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1987–1995)

Oceania

American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor -
  1. A. P. Lutali, Governor of American Samoa (1985–1989)
  2. Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1989–1993)
Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Ninian Stephen, Governor-General of Australia (1982–1989)
  2. Bill Hayden, Governor-General of Australia (1989–1996)
- Prime Minister - Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia (1983–1991)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator - A.D. Taylor, Administrator of Christmas Island (1986-1990)
  - Assembly Chairman - Alexander Donald Taylor, Chairman of the Christmas Island Assembly (1989–1990)
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator - Dawn Laurie, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1988-1990)
  - Council Chairman - Parson bin Yapat, Chairman of the Cocos Islands Council (1983-1993)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. William McFadyen Campbell, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1988–1989)
    2. Herbert Bruce MacDonald, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
  - Head of Government -
    1. John Terence Brown, President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1986–1989)
    2. David Buffett, President of the Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island (1989–1992)
Fiji
- President - Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Prime Minister of Fiji (1987–1992)
French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Jean Montpezat, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1987–1992)
- President of the Government - Alexandre Léontieff, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1987–1991)
Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Joseph Franklin Ada, Governor of Guam (1987–1995)
Kiribati
- President - Ieremia Tabai, President of Kiribati (1983–1991)
Marshall Islands
- President - Amata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1979–1996)^[20]
Micronesia
- President - John Haglelgam, President of Micronesia (1987–1991)
Nauru -
- President -
  1. Hammer DeRoburt, President of Nauru (1986–1989)
  2. Kenos Aroi, President of Nauru (1989)
  3. Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (1989–1995)
New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Bernard Grasset, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1988–1991)
New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Paul Reeves, Governor-General of New Zealand (1985–1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. David Lange, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1984–1989)
  2. Geoffrey Palmer, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1989–1990)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
  - Queen's Representative - Sir Tangaroa Tangaroa, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1984–1990)
  - Prime Minister -
    1. Pupuke Robati, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1987–1989)
    2. Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
  - Premier - Sir Robert Rex, Premier of Niue (1974–1992)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
  - Administrator - Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (1988–1990)
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1982–1990)
Palau (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the USA)
- President -
  1. Thomas Remengesau, Sr., Acting President of Palau (1988–1989)
  2. Ngiratkel Etpison, President of Palau (1989–1993)
Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General -
  1. Sir Kingsford Dibela, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1983–1989)
  2. Sir Ignatius Kilage, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1989)
  3. Dennis Young, Acting Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1989–1990)
- Prime Minister - Rabbie Namaliu, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1988–1992)
Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robin Byatt, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1987–1990)
- Magistrate - Brian Young, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1984–1991)
Solomon Islands
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir George Lepping, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1988–1994)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ezekiel Alebua, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1986–1989)
  2. Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1989–1993)
Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)^[21]
- Prime Minister - Prince Fatafehi Tu'ipelehake, Prime Minister of Tonga (1965–1991)^[21]
Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tupua Leupena, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1986–1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Tomasi Puapua, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1981–1989)
  2. Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1989–1993)
Vanuatu
- President -
  1. Ati George Sokomanu, President of Vanuatu (1984–1989)
  2. Onneyn Tahi, Acting President of Vanuatu (1989)
  3. Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, President of Vanuatu (1989–1994)
- Prime Minister - Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1979–1991)^[22]
Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Roger Dumec, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1988–1990)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
  1. Manuele Lisiahi, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1988–1989)
  2. Pasilio Tui, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1989–1990)
Western Samoa
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Western Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Western Samoa (1988–1998)

South America

Argentina
- President -
  1. Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina (1983–1989)
  2. Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
Bolivia
- President -
  1. Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (1985–1989)
  2. Jaime Paz Zamora, President of Bolivia (1989–1993)
Brazil
- President - José Sarney, President of Brazil (1985–1990)
Chile
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1973–1990)
Colombia
- President - Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986–1990)
Ecuador
- President - Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President of Ecuador (1988–1992)
Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - William Hugh Fullerton, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1988–1992)
- Chief Executive -
  1. David G. P. Taylor, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1988–1989)
  2. Ronald Sampson, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1989–1994)
Guyana
- President - Desmond Hoyte, President of Guyana (1985–1992)
- Prime Minister - Hamilton Green, Prime Minister of Guyana (1985–1992)
Paraguay
- President -
  1. Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
  2. Andrés Rodríguez, President of Paraguay (1989–1993)
Peru
- President - Alan García, President of Peru (1985–1990)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Armando Villanueva, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1988–1989)
  2. Luis Alberto Sánchez, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1989)
  3. Guillermo Larco Cox, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1989–1990)
Suriname
- President - Ramsewak Shankar, President of Suriname (1988–1990)
Uruguay
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1985–1990)
Venezuela
- President -
  1. Jaime Lusinchi, President of Venezuela (1984–1989)
  2. Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1989–1993)

References

↑ Bophuthatswana was only declared to be independent in 1977.
↑ Ciskei was only declared to be independent in 1981, before independence Lennox Sebe was titled Chief Minister.
↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
↑ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
↑ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
↑ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
1 2 In exile between 1990 and 1991.
↑ Qatar only became independent in 1971.
↑ Singapore only became independent in 1965.
↑ Ali Abdullah Saleh became President of Yemen upon unification in 1990.
↑ Richard von Weizsäcker was President of unified Germany from 1990.
↑ Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of unified Germany from 1990.
↑ The Luxembourger head of government's title changed from "President of the Government" to "Prime Minister" on July 14, 1989.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981, until then Sir Wilfred Jacobs was titled Governor of Antigua and Barbuda.
↑ Antigua and Barbuda only became independent in 1981.
↑ The Bahamas only became independent on 1973.
↑ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983, until then Sir Clement Arrindell was titled Governor of Saint Christopher and Nevis.
↑ Saint Kitts and Nevis only became independent in 1983.
↑ The Marshall Islands only became independent in 1986.
1 2 Tonga only became independent in 1970.
↑ Vanuatu only became independent in 1980.

External links

Twentieth-century state leaders by year

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