List of state leaders in 1948

See also
List of state leaders in 1947 Events of 1948 List of state leaders in 1949 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1948 List of sovereign states in 1948 List of colonial governors in 1948

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1948.

Africa

Egypt
- Monarch - Farouk I, King of Egypt (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1946–1948)
  2. Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pasha, Prime Minister of Egypt (1948–1949)
Ethiopia
- Monarch - Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia (1930–1974)^[1]
- Prime Minister - Makonnen Endelkachew, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1942–1957)
Liberia
- President - William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944–1971)
South Africa
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Gideon Brand van Zyl, Governor-General of South Africa (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1939–1948)
  2. Daniel François Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa (1948–1954)

Asia

Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973)
- Prime Minister - Shah Mahmud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1946–1953)
Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1926–1952)
- Prime Minister - Sonam Topgay Dorji, Chief Minister of Bhutan (1917–1952)
Burma
- British Burma gained independence on 4 January 1948
- Governor - Sir Hubert Rance, Governor of Burma (1945–1948)
- President - Sao Shwe Thaik, President of Burma (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister - U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1948–1956)
Ceylon
- British Ceylon gained independence on 4 February 1948
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions beyond the Seas (1948–1952)
- Governor-General - Sir Henry Monck-Mason Moore, Governor of Ceylon (1944–1948), Governor-General of Ceylon (1948–1949)
- Prime Minister - D. S. Senanayake, Prime Minister of Ceylon (1947–1952)
China
- President - Chiang Kai-Shek, Chairman of the National Government of China (1943–1949)
- Premier -
  1. Zhang Qun, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1947–1948)
  2. Weng Wenhao, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1948)
  3. Sun Fo, President of the Executive Yuan of China (1948–1949)
- Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
  - Monarch - Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1939–present)^[2]
India
- Monarch - George VI, King of India (1947–1950)
- Governor-General -
  1. Louis Mountbatten, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Governor-General of India (1947–1948)
  2. C. Rajagopalachari, Governor-General of India (1948–1950)
- Prime Minister - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (1947–1964)
Indonesia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Sukarno, President of Indonesia (1945–1967)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Amir Sjarifuddin, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1947–1948)
  2. Mohammad Hatta, Prime Minister of Indonesia (1948–1950)
Iran
- Monarch - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (1941–1979)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran (1947–1948)
  2. Abdolhossein Hazhir, Prime Minister of Iran (1948)
  3. Mohammad Sa'ed, Prime Minister of Iran (1948–1950)
Iraq
- Monarch - Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939–1958)
- Regent - Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, Regent of Iraq (1941–1953)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Sayyid Salih Jabr, Prime Minister of Iraq (1947–1948)
  2. Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr, Prime Minister of Iraq (1948)
  3. Muzahim al-Pachachi, Prime Minister of Iraq (1948–1949)
Israel
- the British Mandate of Palestine declared independence as Israel on 14 May 1948
- High Commissioner - Sir Alan Cunningham, High Commissioner of Palestine (1945–1948)
- President -
  1. David Ben-Gurion, Chairman of the Provisional State Council (1948)
  2. Chaim Weizmann, President of Israel (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister - David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of Israel (1948–1954)
Japan (under Allied occupiation)
- Monarch - Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (1926–1989)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Tetsu Katayama, Prime Minister of Japan (1947–1948)
  2. Hitoshi Ashida, Prime Minister of Japan (1948)
  3. Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (1948–1954)
- Military Governor - Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (1945–1951)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- the northern, Soviet-occupied part of Korea proclaimed independence on 3 September 1948
- Soviet commander-in-chief - Gennady Korotkov, Soviet commander-in-chief in Korea (1947–1948)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party (1946–1949)
- Head of State - Kim Tu-bong, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1947–1957)
- Prime Minister - Kim Il-sung, Prime Minister of the Cabinet of North Korea (1946–1972)
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- the southern, American-occupied part of Korea proclaimed independence on 15 August 1948
- American military governor - William F. Dean, American military governor of Korea (1947–1948)
- President - Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948–1960)
- Prime Minister - Lee Beom-seok, Prime Minister of South Korea (1948–1950)
Lebanon
- President - Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (1943–1952)
- Prime Minister - Riad as-Solh, Prime Minister of Lebanon (1946–1951)
Mongolia
- Communist Party Leader - Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, General secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (1940–1954)
- Head of State - Gonchigiin Bumtsend, Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Hural of Mongolia (1940–1953)
- Premier - Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Mongolia (1939–1952)
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Said Bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1932–1970)
Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1945–1948)
  2. Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Prime Minister of Nepal (1948–1951)
Pakistan
- Monarch - George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
- Governor-General -
  1. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Governor-General of Pakistan (1947–1948)
  2. Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, Governor-General of Pakistan (1948–1951)
- Prime Minister - Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1947–1951)
Philippines
- President -
  1. Manuel Roxas, President of the Philippines (1946–1948)
  2. Elpidio Quirino, President of the Philippines (1948–1953)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia (1902–1953)^[3]
Siam
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Siam (1946–present)
- Regent - Prince Rangsit Prayurasakdi, Prince of Chainat, Regent of Siam (1946–1951)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Khuang Aphaiwong, Prime Minister of Siam (1947–1948)
  2. Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Prime Minister of Siam (1948–1957)
Syria
- President - Shukri al-Quwatli, President of Syria (1943–1949)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Jamil Mardam Bey, Prime Minister of Syria (1946–1948)
  2. Khalid al-Azm, Prime Minister of Syria (1948–1949)
Transjordan
- Monarch - Abdullah I, King of Transjordan (1921–1951)^[4]
- Prime Minister - Tawfik Abu al-Huda, Prime Minister of Transjordan (1947–1950)
Turkey
- President - İsmet İnönü, President of Turkey (1938–1950)
- Prime Minister - Hasan Saka, Prime Minister of Turkey (1947–1949)
North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
- Communist Party Leader - Trường Chinh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1941–1956)
- President - Hồ Chí Minh, President of North Vietnam (1945–1969)
- Premier - Hồ Chí Minh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of North Vietnam (1945–1955)
South Vietnam (State of Vietnam)
- Head of State - Nguyễn Văn Xuân, President of the Provisional Government of South Vietnam (1947–1949)
Yemen
- Monarch -
  1. Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, King of Yemen (1904–1948)^[5]
  2. Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Wazir, King of Yemen (1948)
  3. Ahmad bin Yahya, King of Yemen (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Ali ibn Abdullah al-Wazir, Prime Minister of Yemen (1948)
  2. Hassan bin Yahya, Prime Minister of Yemen (1948–1955)

Europe

Albania
- Communist Party Leader - Enver Hoxha, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1944–1985)
- Head of State - Omer Nishani, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1944–1953)
- Premier - Enver Hoxha, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1944–1954)
Andorra
- Monarchs -
  - French Co-Prince - Vincent Auriol, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1947–1954)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - André Bertrand (1947–1952)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Ramon Iglesias i Navarri, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1943–1969)
    - Co-Prince's Representative - Jaume Sansa Nequí (1937–1972)
- First Syndic - Francesc Cairat Freixes, First Syndic of Andorra (1937–1960)
Austria (under Allied occupation)
- President - Karl Renner, Federal President of Austria (1945–1950)
- Chancellor - Leopold Figl, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1945–1953)
- American high commissioner - Geoffrey Keyes (1947–1950)
- British high commissioner - Sir Alexander Galloway (1947–1950)
- French high commissioner - Antoine Béthouart (1945–1950)
- Soviet high commissioner - Vladimir Kurasov (1946–1949)
Belgium
- Monarch - Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)^[6]
- Regent - Prince Charles, Count of Flanders, Regent of Belgium (1944–1950)
- Prime Minister - Paul-Henri Spaak, Prime Minister of Belgium (1947–1949)
Bulgaria
- Communist Party Leader - Georgi Dimitrov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1948–1949)
- Head of State - Mincho Neychev, Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Bulgaria (1947–1950)
- Premier - Georgi Dimitrov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1946–1949)
Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakia turned into a single-party state in February without changing its official name
- Communist Party Leader - Klement Gottwald, Chairman of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1929–1953)^[7]
- President -
  1. Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)
  2. Klement Gottwald, President of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Klement Gottwald, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1946–1948)
  2. Antonín Zápotocký, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1948–1953)
Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick IX, King of Denmark (1947–1972)
- Prime Minister - Hans Hedtoft, Prime Minister of Denmark (1947–1950)
Finland
- President - Juho Kusti Paasikivi, President of Finland (1946–1956)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Mauno Pekkala, Prime Minister of Finland (1946–1948)
  2. Karl-August Fagerholm, Prime Minister of Finland (1948–1950)
France
- President - Vincent Auriol, President of France (1947–1954)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Robert Schuman, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1947–1948)
  2. André Marie, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1948)
  3. Robert Schuman, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1948)
  4. Henri Queuille, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1948–1949)
Germany (under Allied occupation)
- American Zone
  - Military Governor - Lucius D. Clay, Military Governor of the US Occupation Zone of Germany (1947–1949)
- British Zone
  - Military Governor - Sir Brian Robertson, Military Governor of the British Occupation Zone of Germany (1947–1949)
- French Zone
  - Military Governor - Marie-Pierre Kœnig, Military Governor of the French Occupation Zone of Germany (1945–1949)
- Soviet Zone
  - Military Governor - Vasily Sokolovsky, Military Governor of the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (1946–1949)
Greece
- Kingdom of Greece
  - Monarch - Paul, King of the Hellenes (1947–1964)
  - Prime Minister - Themistoklis Sophoulis, President of the Ministerial Council of Greece (1947–1949)
- Provisional Democratic Government (Free Greece) (unrecognized rival government in rebellion)
  - Communist Party Leader - Nikos Zachariadis, General Secretary of the Greek Communist Party (1947–1949)
  - Head of Government - Markos Vafiadis, Head of Provisional Democratic Government of Greece (1947–1949)
Hungary
- President -
  1. Zoltán Tildy, President of Hungary (1946–1948)
  2. Árpád Szakasits, President of Hungary (1948–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Lajos Dinnyés, Prime Minister of Hungary (1947–1948)
  2. István Dobi, Prime Minister of Hungary (1948–1952)
Iceland
- President - Sveinn Björnsson, President of Iceland (1944–1952)^[8]
- Prime Minister - Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1947–1949)
Ireland
- Monarch - George VI, King of Ireland (1936–1949)
- President - Seán T. O'Kelly, President of Ireland (1945–1959)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach of Ireland (1932–1948)
  2. John A. Costello, Taoiseach of Ireland (1948–1951)
Italy
- Head of State -
  1. Enrico De Nicola, Provisional Head of State of Italy (1946–1948)
  2. Luigi Einaudi, President of Italy (1948–1955)
- Prime Minister - Alcide De Gasperi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1945–1953)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister - Alexander Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1945–1962)
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)^[9]
- Prime Minister - Pierre Dupong, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1937–1953)^[10]
Monaco
- Monarch - Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
- Head of Government - Pierre de Witasse, Minister of State of Monaco (1944–1948)
Netherlands
- Monarch -
  1. Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)^[11]
  2. Juliana, Queen of the Netherlands (1948–1980)
- Regent - Crown Princess Juliana, Regent of the Netherlands (1948)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946–1948)
  2. Willem Drees, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958)
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)^[12]
- Prime Minister - Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1945–1951)
Poland
- Communist Party Leader -
  1. Władysław Gomułka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1943–1948)
  2. Bolesław Bierut, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1948–1956)
- President - Bolesław Bierut, President of Poland (1944–1952)
- Premier - Józef Cyrankiewicz, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1947–1952)
Portugal
- President - Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal (1926–1951)
- Premier - António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal (1932–1968)
Romania
- Communist Party Leader - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, General Secretary of the Romanian Workers' Party (1945–1954)
- Head of State - Constantin Ion Parhon, Chairman of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly of Romania (1947–1952)
- Premier - Petru Groza, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1945–1952)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Domenico Forcellini and Mariano Ceccoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1947–March 1948)
  2. Arnaldo Para and Giuseppe Renzi, Captains Regent of San Marino (April–September 1948)
  3. Giordano Giacomini and Domenico Tomassoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1948–March 1949)
Soviet Union
- Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, Senior Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
- Head of State - Nikolay Shvernik, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1946–1953)
- Premier - Joseph Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953)
Spain
- Head of State - Francisco Franco, Head of State of Spain (1936–1975)
- Prime Minister - Francisco Franco, President of the Government of Spain (1938–1973)
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister - Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (1946–1969)
Switzerland
- Federal Council:^[13]
  Philipp Etter (1934–1959), Enrico Celio (1940–1950, President), Eduard von Steiger (1940–1951), Karl Kobelt (1940–1954), Ernst Nobs (1943–1951), Max Petitpierre (1944–1961), Rodolphe Rubattel (1947–1954)
Trieste
- Military Governor -
  - Zone A - Terence Airey, Governor of Zone A of Trieste (1947–1951)
  - Zone B - Mirko Lenac, Governor of Zone B of Trieste (1947–1951)
United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VI, King of the United Kingdom (1936–1952)
- Prime Minister - Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951)
Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope Pius XII, Sovereign of Vatican City (1939–1958)
- Governor - Marquis Camillo Serafini, Governor of Vatican City (1929–1952)
- President of the Governorate - Cardinal Nicola Canali, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1939–1961)
Yugoslavia
- Communist Party leader - Josip Broz Tito, General Secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (1936–1980)
- Head of State - Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidium of the National Assembly of Yugoslavia (1943–1953)
- Prime Minister - Josip Broz Tito, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1943–1963)

North America

Canada
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor General - Harold Alexander, Viscount Alexander of Tunis, Governor General of Canada (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (1935–1948)
  2. Louis St. Laurent, Prime Minister of Canada (1948–1957)
Costa Rica
- President -
  1. Teodoro Picado Michalski, President of Costa Rica (1944–1948)
  2. José Figueres Ferrer, President of Costa Rica (1948–1949)
Cuba
- President -
  1. Ramón Grau, President of Cuba (1944–1948)
  2. Carlos Prío Socarrás, President of Cuba (1948–1952)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Raúl López del Castillo, Prime Minister of Cuba (1947–1948)
  2. Manuel Antonio de Varona y Loredo, Prime Minister of Cuba (1948–1950)
Dominican Republic
- De facto Head of State - Rafael Trujillo, de facto ruler of the Dominican Republic (1930–1961)
- President - Rafael Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (1942–1952)
El Salvador
- Head of State -
  1. Salvador Castaneda Castro, President of El Salvador (1945–1948)
  2. Revolutionary Council of Government, Head of State of El Salvador (1948–1950)
Guatemala
- President - Juan José Arévalo, President of Guatemala (1945–1951)
Haiti
- President - Dumarsais Estimé, President of Haiti (1946–1950)
Honduras
- President - Tiburcio Carías Andino, President of Honduras (1933–1949)
Mexico
- President - Miguel Alemán Valdés, President of Mexico (1946–1952)
Nicaragua
- President - Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, President of Nicaragua (1947–1950)
Panama
- President -
  1. Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President of Panama (1945–1948)
  2. Domingo Díaz Arosemena, President of Panama (1948–1949)
United States of America
- President - Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (1945–1953)

Oceania

Australia
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - William McKell, Governor-General of Australia (1947–1953)
- Prime Minister - Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (1945–1949)
New Zealand
- Monarch - George VI, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1936–1952)
- Governor-General - Sir Bernard Freyberg, Governor-General of New Zealand (1946–1952)
- Prime Minister - Peter Fraser, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1940–1949)

South America

Argentina
- President - Juan Perón, President of Argentina (1946–1955)
Bolivia
- President - Enrique Hertzog, President of Bolivia (1947–1949)
Brazil
- President - Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President of Brazil (1946–1951)
Chile
- President - Gabriel González Videla, President of Chile (1946–1952)
Colombia
- President - Mariano Ospina Pérez, President of Colombia (1946–1950)
Ecuador
- President -
  1. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, President of Ecuador (1947–1948)
  2. Galo Plaza, President of Ecuador (1948–1952)
Paraguay
- President -
  1. Higinio Moríñigo, President of Paraguay (1940–1948)
  2. Juan Manuel Frutos, Provisional President of Paraguay (1948)
  3. Juan Natalicio González, President of Paraguay (1948–1949)
Peru
- President -
  1. José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945–1948)
  2. Manuel A. Odría, President of Peru (1948–1950)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1948)
  2. Armando Revoredo Iglesias, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1948)
Uruguay
- President - Luis Batlle Berres, President of Uruguay (1947–1951)
Venezuela
- Head of State -
  1. Romulo Betancourt, President of Venezuela (1945–1948)
  2. Romulo Gallegos, President of Venezuela (1948)
  3. Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Chairman of the Military Junta of Venezuela (1948–1950)

References

↑ In exile between 1936 and 1941.
↑ Tenzin Gyatso was only enthroned in 1950, Tibet accepted Chinese sovereignty in 1951, the Dalai Lama went into exile in 1959, and his political role in the government-in-exile ended in 2011.
↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
↑ Jordan only became independent in 1946.
↑ Yemen only became independent in 1918.
↑ German prisoner between 1940 an 1945, in exile between 1945 and 1950.
↑ The Communist party only gained supreme power over the country in 1948.
↑ Björnsson was regent under the kingdom between 1941 and 1944.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1944.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ In exile between 1940 and 1945.
↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

External links

Twentieth-century state leaders by year

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