List of solar telescopes

List of solar telescopes sorted by default by year of completion, with newer telescopes higher up.

Large solar telescopes after 1900

Ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in a chronological list.

Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use various combination of mirrors (such as coelostats), lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronographs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Year(s) Location Country(s) Note
COronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)[1] - 150 150 cm proposed Hawaii, USA  United States
Chinese Large Solar Telescope - 180 180 cm constructing Western part of China  China
National Large Solar Telescope - 200200 cm proposed[2] Merak Village, Ladakh, India  India
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope - 500 500–800 cm planned Western part of China  China Could be the world's largest solar telescope when completed.[3]
European Solar Telescope (EST)[4] - 400 400+ cm planned Canary Islands 15 European countries[5]
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope - 424 424 cm[6] under construction [7] Maui, Hawaii, USA  United States
GREGOR solar telescope, Teide Obs. 150150 cm 2012– Tenerife, Spain  Germany [8]
BBO NST, BBS Obs. 160160 cm 2008– California, USA  United States Largest aperture solar telescope in the world now.
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) - 100 100 cm 2010– Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, China  China 100 cm vacuum solar telescope[9]
ONSET (Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer) - 27.5 3x27,5 cm 2010– Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, China  China The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.[10]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,[11] NAO - Rozhen - 100100 cm 2005– Rozhen, Bulgaria Template:BG
Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope[12](SST), ORM 100100 cm 2002– La Palma, Spain  Sweden
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO) 04535 cm 1999– Texas, USA  United States
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), ORM 04545 cm 1997– La Palma, Spain  Netherlands
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Obs. 09090 cm 1996– Tenerife, Spain  Italy and  France
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT),[13] Teide Obs. 07070 cm 1989– Tenerife, Spain  Germany
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, ORM - 047.547.5 cm 1985–2000 La Palma, Spain  Sweden Replaced by the SST
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope[14] (ja)- 060 60 cm 1979– Takayama, Gifu, Japan  Japan
Udaipur Solar Observatory
MAST
Full Disk H-alpha Telescope
H-alpha Spar Telescope
Coudé Telescope 		025
50 cm
15 cm
25 cm
15 cm 		1976– Udaipur, India  India
Big Bear Solar Observatory 06565 cm 1969–2006 California, USA  United States
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (ex-VTT), Sacramento Peak 076 76 cm 1969– Sunspot, New Mexico, USA  United States
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon 06060 cm 1968– Meudon, France  France
McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, KPO 161 161 cm 1961– Arizona, USA  United States Largest aperture solar telescope
ARIES Observatory - 01515 cm 1961– Nainital, India  India
Locarno Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)[15] 045 45 cm[6] 1959–2002 Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002)
Locarno, Switzerland (1959–1984) 		 Germany Replaced by GREGOR
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory 061 61 cm (24 in) 1958–[16] Kodaikanal, India  India
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope, Zeiss 1942) 2x01515 cm
01111 cm		 1942– Göttingen, Germany  Germany 65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, multiple light paths in tower: 15 cm (f/24) spectroheliograph and main spectrograph, 15 cm (f/10) and 11 cm (f/15) white light projection facilities, several smaller spectrographs. Owned and operated by Göttingen amateur astronomical society.
McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 06161 cm (24") 1941–1979 Michigan, USA  United States
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 040 40 cm 1936–1979 Michigan, USA  United States
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory - 026.7 26.7 cm (10.5") 1930–1941 Michigan, USA  United States Replaced by the 24 inch
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss[17] - 045 45 cm 1930–end Tokyo, Japan  Japan Einsteinturm twin
Einsteinturm 06060 cm 1924– Potsdam, Germany  Germany
150-foot tower,[6] Mount Wilson Observatory 035 35 cm (24") 1912– California, USA  United States
Snow Solar Telescope,[18] Mount Wilson Observatory - 061 61 cm (24") 1904– California, USA  United States first solar tower telescope
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory 020 20 cm 1901– Kodaikanal, India  India (1947- )
 United Kingdom (1901–1950)

Telescopes for the sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.


Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SoloarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm[19][20]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.


References

Further reading

See also

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