Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy

The fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy consists of the surface warships, submarines and auxiliary vessels operated by the Royal Canadian Navy, the maritime component of the Canadian Forces. The current fleet consists of 61 vessels, including 29 commissioned vessels. Commissioned vessels carry the designation 'Her Majesty's Canadian Ship' (HMCS) in reference to the monarch and head of state of Canada. Auxiliary vessels carry the designation 'Canadian Forces Auxiliary Vessel' (CFAV) since the unification of the Canadian Forces in 1968.

Current fleet

Warships

Halifax-class frigate

Main article: Halifax-class frigate

The backbone of the Royal Canadian Navy, the twelve Halifax-class frigates are multi-role patrol surface vessels that carry the Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King helicopters of the Royal Canadian Air Force as well as anti-submarine torpedoes and anti-aircraft and anti-ship missiles. These ships, built by Saint John Shipbuilding of Saint John, New Brunswick and MIL-Davie Shipbuilding of Lauzon, Quebec, were commissioned between 1992 and 1996 and named after Canadian cities. The ships are undergoing the Frigate Life Extension (FELEX) through to 2016.[1]

Active Halifax-class frigates
Name Pennant number Commissioned Builder Fleet
HMCS Halifax FFH 330 29 June 1992 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Vancouver FFH 331 23 August 1993 Saint John Shipbuilding Pacific
HMCS Ville de Québec FFH 332 14 July 1994 MIL Davie Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Toronto FFH 333 29 July 1993 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Regina FFH 334 29 December 1993 MIL Davie Shipbuilding Pacific
HMCS Calgary FFH 335 12 May 1995 MIL Davie Shipbuilding Pacific
HMCS Montréal FFH 336 21 July 1994 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Fredericton FFH 337 10 September 1994 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Winnipeg FFH 338 23 June 1995 Saint John Shipbuilding Pacific
HMCS Charlottetown FFH 339 9 September 1995 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS St. John's FFH 340 16 June 1996 Saint John Shipbuilding Atlantic
HMCS Ottawa FFH 341 28 September 1996 Saint John Shipbuilding Pacific

Iroquois-class destroyer

The Iroquois class is a guided-missile destroyer in service with the Royal Canadian Navy. The four destroyers were designed in the late 1960s and built by Marine Industries and MIL-Davie Shipbuilding. Originally designed as anti-submarine warfare vessels, the ships underwent major retrofits in the 1990s and were re-purposed as area air defence destroyers. HMCS Huron was retired in 2000 and sunk in 2007, as a target in a live-fire exercise. As of June 2015, Iroquois and Algonquin have been retired.[2][3]

Active Iroquois-class destroyers
Name Pennant number Commissioned Builder Fleet
HMCS Athabaskan DDG 282 30 September 1972 MIL-Davie Shipbuilding Atlantic

Victoria-class submarines

In 1998, the Canadian government made a deal with the United Kingdom to acquire four mothballed Upholder-class diesel-electric submarines that were declared surplus when the Royal Navy decided to operate only nuclear-powered submarines such as the Trafalgar-class boats. The four submarines were eventually purchased for $750 million CAD. After an update program which took longer than expected the Upholders are being successfully reactivated following a decade of mothballing and are now in service into the Royal Canadian Navy as the Victoria class.

Active Victoria-class submarines
Name Pennant number Commissioned Builder Fleet
HMCS Victoria SSK 876 December 2000 Cammell Laird Pacific
HMCS Windsor SSK 877 October 2003 Cammell Laird Atlantic
HMCS Corner Brook SSK 878 March 2003 Cammell Laird Pacific
HMCS Chicoutimi SSK 879 October 2004 Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Pacific

Kingston-class patrol vessels

The Kingston-class coastal defence vessels are mechanical minesweepers in service with the Royal Canadian Navy since 1996. Crewed by 60% Regular Force sailors and 40% sailors from the naval reserve, their main mission is coastal surveillance and training. All twelve ships were built at Halifax Shipyards, in Nova Scotia.

Active Kingston-class coastal defence vessels
Name Pennant number Commissioned Builder Fleet
HMCS Kingston MM 700 21 September 1996 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic
HMCS Glace Bay MM 701 26 October 1996 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic
HMCS Nanaimo MM 702 10 May 1997 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Edmonton MM 703 21 June 1997 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Shawinigan MM 704 14 June 1997 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic
HMCS Whitehorse MM 705 17 April 1998 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Yellowknife MM 706 18 April 1998 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Goose Bay MM 707 26 July 1998 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic
HMCS Moncton MM 708 12 July 1998 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic
HMCS Saskatoon MM 709 5 December 1998 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Brandon MM 710 5 June 1999 Halifax Shipyards Pacific
HMCS Summerside MM 711 18 July 1999 Halifax Shipyards Atlantic

Weapons

Shipborne
Aircraft

Sail Training Ship

Support and auxiliary vessels

Orca-class training tenders

Torpedo and Sound Ranging Vessels

Oceanographic Research Ship

Yard Diving Tenders

Fireboats

Tugboats

Yard Auxiliary General

Future procurement projects

Maritime-helicopter replacement

Although aviation assets are the responsibility of the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) since unification, the political fiasco surrounding the maritime-helicopter replacement has had a major impact on the ability of the Canadian patrol frigates to deliver their expected capabilities. In 1993, the Maritime Helicopter Program, which had selected the AgustaWestland EH101 as a replacement for the aging CH-124 Sea King, was cancelled by incoming Prime Minister Jean Chrétien in an infamous decision that dogged his government for over a decade. Chrétien's government did end up ordering fifteen CH-149 Cormorants, a slightly cheaper though less effective version of the EH101, for search-and-rescue services, however it took until July 2004 for a replacement of the now-ancient Sea Kings to be announced. The Sea Kings will be replaced with the CH-148 Cyclone, with delivery of interim models initially expected in 2010. This date was repeatedly delayed due to developmental problems with the helicopter. However, deliveries started with the acceptance of the first six Cyclones in June 2015 at CFB Shearwater in Halifax.[4] These aircraft will now be incrementally upgraded from the initial "Block 1" standard to the fully operational "Block 2" standard.

Current and future programs

Joint support ships

Proposal Joint Support Ship

In the late 1990s, one of the fleet's three underway-replenishment vessels, HMCS Provider, was paid off. The remaining two supply ships, HMCS Preserver and HMCS Protecteur, were showing their age, and MARCOM began studies into designing a new class of underway-replenishment and naval sealift-capable vessels.

On 16 April 2004, Prime Minister Paul Martin announced plans to purchase three new "joint support ships" (JSS) to replace the Protecteur-class underway replenishment vessels. In addition to supporting naval operations, the new ships would have been able to transport a battlegroup — a capability Canada's navy has lacked since the departure of the light carrier HMCS Bonaventure in 1970. The new ships were also to have reinforced hulls enabling them to sail in the Arctic. The requirement for three JSSes was re-affirmed in June 2006 by the newly elected Conservative government, which issued the request for proposal. In November 2006, two industry teams were selected to provide a proposal. One of these teams was to be awarded the implementation contract in 2008. The first of the 28,000-tonne vessels was scheduled to be delivered in 2012. However, in August 2008, the JSS Program was suspended due to cost. The Protecteur class were to have their service lives extended beyond 2012 while a suitable replacement was found.[5]

In July 2010, the plan to replace the ships was renewed, with the federal government announcing that it planned to authorize construction of two JSSs, including an option to purchase a third. A yard was to be selected for the construction of the initial two ships, as part of the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy.[6]

On 11 October 2010, the federal government announced that five shipbuilding companies were "being invited to participate in a request for proposals" for constructing ships as part of the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy. One was to be selected for combat ships vessels and one for non-combat vessels.[7]

On 19 October 2011, the Canadian federal government selected Irving Shipbuilding in Halifax, Nova Scotia to build a fleet of 23 combatant vessels to serve in the Royal Canadian Navy. The Canadian government also selected Seaspan Marine in Vancouver to build 7 non-combatant vessels.[8]

On 2 June 2013, the Government of Canada announced that ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems Canada's Berlin-class replenishment ship was selected as the design for the Joint Support Ship.[9] On 25 October 2013, the Minister of National Defence announced the JSS has been named Queenston class.[10] It is anticipated that the two JSS will commence construction in around 2016-17 following on two classes of vessels that are being built first at the Seaspan yard for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans.

As an interim measure, the Harper government intended to lease from Chantier Davie Canada through Project Resolve Inc a converted commercial vessel to provide a supply and replenishment capability.[11] Limited funding was made available by the government to progress the project and a containership has been acquired.[11][12] The 23,800 dwt containership Asterix was built in 2010 and arrived in Canada on 6 October 2015, proceeding to Davie's shipyard at Lauzon, Quebec.[12][13] The re-use of the replenishment at sea (RAS) system from HMCS Protecteur is under consideration.[13] In November 2015 the newly elected Trudeau Government initially decided to delay, until 2016, a decision on whether to proceed with this project. However, on 30 November 2015 that decision was reversed and it was decided that the project could proceed.

Polar Class 5 Arctic offshore patrol ships

On 9 July 2007, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the construction of up to eight patrol ships capable of operating in the Arctic Ocean (with polar class 5 (PC-5), as well as the establishment of a deep water port for the RCN in Nunavut capable of supporting RCN operations in the Northwest Passage and adjacent waters.

The Arctic Patrol Ship Project will be built in Canada.[14][15][16] The CBC reported that the vessels "...are expected to be based on the Royal Norwegian Navy's Svalbard class design".

With steel-reinforced hulls, they will be capable of operating in ice up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) thick, and each vessel will also be equipped with a helicopter landing pad. They will be able to patrol the length of the Northwest Passage during the summer navigable season and its approaches year-round, and will also be capable of full operations on the east and west coasts throughout the year. Critics have noted that the vessels are less capable than the three larger icebreakers Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced in 2006 most notably the Navy League of Canada which described the 25-millimetre gun as a "pea shooter".[17]

Press reports in 2009 suggested that the Arctic Patrol Ship Project had been postponed,[17] however, when the vessels are acquired, the Nanisivik Naval Facility, a deep-water port to be constructed for the RCN at Nanisivik, Nunavut will allow these patrol ships to resupply and refuel.[18][19]

The Canadian government has since reduced the number of ordered ships to five, possibly six.[20] The project has since been renamed the Harry DeWolf class, in honour of a former Canadian admiral.[21] The lead ship began construction in Halifax in September 2015.

Other

The Halifax-class Frigate Life Extension (FELEX) program has been established and a contract was awarded to Lockheed Martin. The Halifax-class modernization program involves an upgrade of all 12 frigates with more advanced systems and a life extension for the frigates to enable them to serve into the 2030s. Frigates are currently proceeding through the modernization program in sequence with the project to be fully completed by 2018.

A mid-life upgrade program for the Kingston class appeared on a list of the Chief of the Maritime Staff's project priorities, but was cancelled.

The major project currently in the planning phase is the replacement of both the Iroquois-class destroyers and the Halifax-class frigates with the Single Class Surface Combatant Project. Construction is to proceed following the procurement of the Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships. Depending on the available budget, up to 15 new vessels are planned. They will be built by Irving Shipbuilding in Halifax with service entry envisaged as starting in the mid-late 2020s. This Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) project is now in the design phase.

Historical fleet

Commissioned 1910–1930

Cruisers

Destroyers

Submarines

Trawlers

Minesweepers

Survey ships

Sloops

Patrol boats

Torpedo boat

Commissioned 1930–1950

Aircraft carriers

Cruisers

Destroyers

Frigates

Corvettes

Submarines

Minesweepers

Armed trawlers

Armed merchant cruiser

Training schooner

Armed yachts

Auxiliary

Fisherman's reserve

The Fisherman's reserve was created in 1938 by enlisting fishing vessels, crews and owners willing to serve as patrol boats and crews in times of war.[22]

Name[23] Pennant Number Commissioned Decommissioned Notes
Allaverdy Fy 06 19 November 1940 November 1944 Auxiliary, ex-fish packer Allaverdy[23]
Anna Mildred Fy 87/Z12A 6 June 1940 14 September 1945? Patrol vessel, ex-motor launch Anna Mildred[23]
Attentive Fy 90/Z05 6 June 1940 14 September 1945? Harbour craft, ex-MV Dundee. Renamed HC33[23]
Bally Fy 88 30 November 1939 13 August 1942 Tug, ex-Bally[23]
Barkely Sound Fy 23 27 January 1942 July 1945? Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Barkely Sound[23]
B.C. Lady Fy 07 4 January 1941 May 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel B.C. Lady[23]
Billow Fy 25 25 March 1942 ? Patrol vessel, ex-seiner Billow, ex-Kuraisho. Re-commissioned 9 December 1946, decommissioned for second time July 1950? became YSF200?[23]
Bluenose Fy 44 21 May 1942 1944? Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Bluenose. Renamed HC340[23]
Camenita Fy 41 27 April 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Camenita[23]
Canfisco Fy 17 1943? March 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Canfisco[23]
Cape Beale Fy 26 October 1939? February 1944 Auxiliary minesweeper, ex-fish packer Cape Beale[23]
Barmar Fy 10/Z115 ? ? Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Barmar[23]
Capella Fy 31 17 September 1939 or 16 August 1940 February 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Capella[23]
Chamiss Bay Fy 39/F50 28 March 1942 15 March 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Chamiss Bay[23]
Chatham S/Sea Wave Fy 47 May 1942 1 October 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Chatham S. Renamed Sea Wave 13 June 1942, renamed HC 322[23]
Seaflash Fy 45 21 May 1942 11 August 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Seaflash. Renamed HC 339[23]
Cleopatra Fy 89/Z35 27 July 1940 20 September 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-motor launch Cleopatra[23]
Comber Fy 37 11 March 1942 11 October 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel C.S.C II[23]
Crest Fy 38 23 February 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel May S[23]
Glendale V/Dalehurst Fy 35 17 February 1942 June 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Glendale V. Renamed Dalehurst 1 May 1944[23]
Departure Bay Fy 48 17 January 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Departure Bay[23]
Early Field Fy 40 2 April 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Early Field[23]
Ehkoli Fy 12 1 December 1941 late 1949? Patrol vessel, Nenamook-class. Re-commissioned 1950? as CNAV 532, decommissioned for second time May 1991?[23]
Fifer Fy 00/Z30 5 December 1941 11 December 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-yacht Fifer[23]
Howe Sound I Fy 19 January 1943? November 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Howe Sound I[23]
Joan W. II Fy 34 4 March 1940 27 April 1944 Auxiliary minesweeper, ex-fish packer Joan W. II[23]
Johanna Fy 28 13 September 1939? August 1942? Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Johanna[23]
Kuitan Fy 14 2 December 1941 29 March 1946 Patrol vessel, Nenamook-class. Re-commissioned 29 March 1946 as CNAV, decommissioned for second time 11 December 1946[23]
Lady Rodney Fy 46/F40 ? ? Auxiliary, ex-Lady Rodney[23]
Leelo Fy 15 24 November 1941 October 1944 Patrol vessel, Nenamook-class. Re-commissioned ? as CNAV, decommissioned for second time April 1947[23]
Louis Herbert Fy 92/J22 ? ? Auxiliary?, ex-Louis Herbert[23]
Loyal I Fy 43 21 May 1942 October 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Loyal I[23]
Loyal II/Foam Fy 22/Z25 22 January 1942 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Loyal II. Renamed Foam 7 April 1942[23]
Maraudor Fy 03 7 September 1939 21 December 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Maraudor[23]
Margaret I Fy 29 16 September 1939 February 1944? Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Margaret I[23]
Zoarces Fy 62/Z36 27 June 1940 14 August 1945 Examination vessel at Saint John, New Brunswick, ex-Department of Fisheries vessel Zoarces[23]
Merry Chase Fy 46 March 1942 28 March 1946 Patrol vessel, ex-seiner Merry Chase[23]
Mitchell Bay Fy 05 10 September 1939? March 1944 Auxiliary minesweeper, ex-fish packer Mitchell Bay[23]
Mont Joli Fy 93/Z02/Z24 5 July 1940 29 March 1946 Examination vessel, ex-Mont Joli. Re-commissioned 1946 as CNAV, decommissioned for second time March 1947[23]
Moolock Fy 16 2 December 1941 13 March 1946 Patrol vessel, Nenamook-class.[23]
Moresby III Fy 42 27 April 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Moresby III[23]
Nenamook Fy 13 7 January 1941 12 March 1946 Patrol vessel, Nenamook-class.[23]
Ocean Eagle Fy 71/J07 1941? June 1944 Tug, ex-First World War rescue tug Ocean Eagle[23]
San Tomas Fy 02 15 January 1940 April 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel San Tomas[23]
Santa Maria Fy 08 4 April 1940 July 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Santa Maria[23]
Sankaty Fy 61/Z29/M01 24 September 1940 18 August 1945 Minelayer, looplayer and maintenance vessel, ex-ferry Sankaty[23]
Seiner Fy 32 13 February 1942 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Seiner[23]
Seretha II Fy 45/Z45 26 October 1943 22 March 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-Seretha II[23]
Signal Fy 30 4 April 1940 31 May 1944 Auxiliary minesweeper, ex-fish packer Signal[23]
Smith Sound Fy 18 5 January 1942 June 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Smith Sound[23]
Hatta VII/Spray Fy 33?/Z09 17 February 1942? 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Hatta VII. Renamed Spray 7 April 1942?[23]
Springtime V Fy 09 21 February 1942 16 November 1944 or June 1945 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Springtime V[23]
Arashio/Surf Fy 24 4 February 1942 10 January 1943 Patrol vessel, ex-fish packer Arashio. Renamed Surf 9 February 1942, wrecked on Vancouver Island 10 January 1943[23]
Takla Fy 27 13 September 1939? May 1944? Auxiliary minesweeper, ex-fish packer Takla[23]
Talapus Fy 11 15 November 1941 1946 Patrol vessel, Nenamook class.[23]
Tordo Fy 20 1939? or December 1941? 16 November 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Tordo[23]
Valdes Fy 21 17 January 1942 September 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-Departure Bay II[23]
Vanisle Fy 01 4 April 1940 29 July 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Vanisle. Some sources list name as Van Isle or Van Isles[23]
West Coast Fy 04 4 April 1940 3 May 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel West Coast[23]
Western Maid Fy 36 11 March 1942 16 March 1944 Patrol vessel, ex-fishing vessel Western Maid[23]
Snow Prince ? 29 June 1941 16 September 1941 Tender to HMCS Givenchy, ex-fishing vessel Snow Prince, transferred to RCAF[23]

Torpedo boats

Commissioned 1950–1989

Majestic-class light aircraft carrier

St. Laurent-class helicopter destroyers

(initially built as destroyer escorts, later refit and redesignated)

Restigouche-class destroyer escorts

Mackenzie-class destroyer escorts

Annapolis-class helicopter destroyers

Iroquois-class area air defence destroyers

(decommissioned ships only, see also "current ships" section above)

Balao-class submarine

Tench-class submarine

Oberon-class submarines

YMS-1-class minesweeper

Bay-class minesweepers

Bird-class patrol vessels

Provider-class auxiliary oil replenishment

Protecteur-class replenishment oiler

Cape-class escort maintenance ships

Porte-class gate vessels

Miscellaneous vessels

Wind-class icebreaker

Hydrofoil prototype

Surveyor

Diving support ship

Mine sweeping auxiliary ships

Yard Diving Tenders

YAG 300 Series Training Vessels

Proposed vessels not built

Canadian Government Ships of the Fisheries Protection Service

These ships served as armed ships of the Fisheries Protection Service prior to the creation of the RCN in 1910:

Future

The Royal Canadian Navy, due to the National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy, will receive 15 new warships and up to 6 Arctic patrol vessels which will be constructed and delivered between 2018 and 2033. These ships will replace the Iroquois-class destroyers and Halifax-class frigates.

The RCN is in process of acquiring an interim supply ship until the Joint Support Ships are ready. Davie Shipyard is converting the Liberian-registered MS Asterix for use by the navy beginning in 2017.[24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Royal Canadian Navy Halifax-class Frigates Modernization and Life Extension Program". navy-recognition.com. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  2. ↑ Cuthbertson, Richard (1 May 2015). "HMCS Iroquois decommissioned today after 43 years". CBC News. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "Navy retires HMCS Algonquin, damaged in collision". Times Colonist. Canadian Press. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  4. ↑ "CH-148 Cyclones delivered to CFB Shearwater in Halifax". CBC News. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Welcome to PMO JSS". Canadian Department of National Defence. 16 May 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  6. ↑ "Navy supply ships to be replaced". CBC News. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  7. ↑ The Canadian Press, 2010-10-11
  8. ↑ Payton, Laura (19 October 2011). "Halifax, B.C. yards win shipbuilding work". CBC News. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  9. ↑ McKnight, Zoe (3 June 2013). "Navy adopts German design for ships to be built in North Vancouver". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  10. ↑ "Names chosen for the Royal Canadian Navy's new Joint Support Ships". Government of Canada. Royal Canadian Navy. 28 October 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Government Announces Progress with Chantier Davie and Project Resolve". Government of Canada. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  12. 1 2 Rosamond, Jon (4 October 2015). "Canada turns to Asterix for stop gap at-sea support". IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  13. 1 2 Pugliese, David (6 October 2015). "Asterix to be outfitted with HMCS Protecteur’s replenishment at sea system". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  14. ↑ "Arctic patrol vessels approved by committee". CBC News. 13 May 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  15. ↑ "Background — Armed Icebreaker / OPV — Norway’s K/V Svalbard". Canadian American Strategic Review. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  16. ↑ Thomas, Doug. "Canadian Naval Arctic Patrol Vessels". Canadian Naval Review. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  17. 1 2 "Construction of promised Arctic patrol boats postponed". CBC News. 17 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
  18. ↑ "Ottawa buying up to 8 Arctic patrol ships". CBC News. 9 July 2007. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
  19. ↑ "B.C. firm wins design contract for Arctic naval port". CBC News. 26 November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  20. ↑ Cudmore, James (16 January 2015). "Canada's navy to get 5 or 6 Arctic ships, not 8". CBC. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  21. ↑ "PM announces the name of the first of the Royal Canadian Navy’s Arctic/Offshore Patrol Ships". Government of Canada - Prime Minister's Office. 18 September 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  22. ↑ German, Tony (1990). The Sea is at Our Gates; The History of the Canadian Navy. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p. 74. ISBN 0-7710-3268-4.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Freeman, David J. (2000). Canadian Warship Names. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. pp. 189–282, 311–313. ISBN 1-55125-048-9.
  24. ↑ Pugliese, David (27 October 2015). "Royal Canadian Navy to be given option to purchase interim supply ship". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
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