List of rulers of Bengal
This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history, Bengal was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In ancient times, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of Pundra, Suhma, Anga, Vanga, Samatata and Harikela. Along with Bihar, parts of northwestern Bengal were also incorporated into the kingdom of Magadha.
Under the Mauryas, much of Bengal was conquered save for the far eastern Bengali kingdoms which continued to exist as tributary states before succumbing to the Guptas. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Bengal was united under a single local ruler, Shashanka, for the first time. With the collapse of his kingdom, Bengal split up into petty kingdoms once more.
With the rise of Gopala, Bengal was united once more under the Pala Empire, Chandra dynasty, Sena dynasty and deva dynasty. After them, Bengal was ruled by the Muslim dynasties followed by the British. The position of the Prime Minister of Bengal was established in 1937, and served as the provincial chief executive in the British Raj, until 1947, when Bengal was partitioned, making West Bengal part of India and the East Bengal part of Pakistan. East Bengal then became an independent country, Bangladesh, following the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Legendary kings of Magadha: Brihadratha Dynasty (c. 1700–799 BCE)
- Brihadratha
- Jarasandha
- Sahadeva of Magadha
- Somadhi (1679–1618 BCE)
- Srutasravas (1618–1551 BCE)
- Ayutayus (1551–1515 BCE)
- Niramitra (1515–1415 BCE)
- Sukshatra (1415–1407 BCE)
- Brihatkarman (1407–1384 BCE)
- Senajit (1384–1361 BCE)
- Srutanjaya (1361–1321 BCE)
- Vipra (1321–1296 BCE)
- Suchi (1296–1238 BCE)
- Kshemya (1238–1210 BCE)
- Subrata (1210–1150 BCE)
- Dharma (1150–1145 BCE)
- Susuma (1145–1107 BCE)
- Dridhasena (1107–1059 BCE)
- Sumati (1059–1026 BCE)
- Subhala (1026–1004 BCE)
- Sunita (1004–964 BCE)
- Satyajit (964–884 BCE)
- Biswajit (884–849 BCE)
- Ripunjaya (849–799 BCE)
Pradyota Dynasty (799–684 BCE)
- Pradyota
- Palaka
- Visakhayupa
- Ajaka
- Varttivarddhana
Shishunaga Dynasty (684–424 BCE)
- Shishunaga (684–644 BCE)
- Kakavarna (644–618 BCE)
- Kshemadharman (618–582 BCE)
- Kshatraujas (582–558 BCE)
- Bimbisara (544–491 BCE)
- Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
- Darshaka (from 461 BCE)
- Udayin
- Nandivardhana
- Mahanandin (until 424 BCE)
Nanda Dynasty (424–321 BCE)
- Mahapadma Nanda (from 424 BCE)
- Pandhuka
- Panghupati
- Bhutapala
- Rashtrapala
- Govishanaka
- Dashasidkhaka
- Kaivarta
- Dhana Nanda (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BCE)
Maurya Dynasty (324–185 BCE)
- Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrakottos) (324–301 BCE)
- Bindusara Amitraghata (301–273 BCE)
- Ashoka Vardhana (Ashoka the Great) (273–232 BCE),
- Dasharatha (232–224 BCE)
- Samprati (224–215 BCE)
- Shalishuka (215–202 BCE)
- Devavarman (202–195 BCE)
- Shatadhanvan (195–187 BCE)
- Brihadratha (187–184 BCE)
Mahameghavahana Dynasty (c. 250 BCE–400 CE)
- Mahamegha Vahana (?)
- Kharavela (c.193–179 BCE)
- Vakadeva (or Vakradeva) (?)
Shunga Dynasty (185–73 BCE)
- Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE)
- Agnimitra (149–141 BCE)
- Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
- Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
- Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
- Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
- Ghosha
- Vajramitra
- Bhagabhadra
- Devabhuti (83–73 BCE)
Kanva Dynasty (73–43 BCE)
- Vasudeva Kanva (from 73 BCE)
- Bhumimitra
- Narayana
- Susharman (Until 43 BCE)
Gupta Empire (c. CE 240–550 )
- Sri-Gupta I (c. 240–290)
- Ghatotkacha (290–305)
- Chandra Gupta I (305–335)
- Samudra Gupta (335–370)
- Rama Gupta (370–375)
- Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (375–415)
- Kumara Gupta I (415–455)
- Skanda Gupta (455–467)
- Kumaragupta II (467–477)
- Buddha Gupta (477–496)
- Chandra Gupta III (496–500)
- Vainya Gupta (500–515)
- Narasimha Gupta (510–530)
- Kumara Gupta III (530–540)
- Vishnugupta (c. 540–550)
Gauda Kingdom
Khadga kingdom
The Khadga dynasty was a line of Buddhist kings that ruled the areas of Vanga and later Samatata (modern Bangladesh).[1]
- Khadgodyama (625–640)
- Jatakhadga (640–658)
- Devakhadga (658–673)
- Rajabhata (673–690)
- Balabhata (690–705)
- Udirnakhadga (undetermined reign)
Mallabhum
Mallabhum was the kingdom ruled by the Mallas kings of Bishnupur primarily in the present Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.[2][3][4]
- Adi Malla (694 - 710)
- Jay Malla (710 - 720)
- Benu Malla (720 - 733)
- Kinu Malla (733 - 742)
- Indra Malla (742 - 757)
- Kanu (Kalu/Kalu) Malla (757 - 764)
- Dha (Jhau) Malla (764 - 775)
- Sur Malla (775 - 795)
- Kanak Malla (795 - 807)
- Kandarpa Malla (807 - 828)
- Sanatan Malla (828 - 841)
- Kharga Malla (841 - 862)
- Durjan (Durjay) Malla (862 - 906)
- Yadav Malla (906 - 919)
- Jagannath Malla (919 - 931)
- Birat Malla (931 - 946)
- Mahadev Malla (946 - 977)
- Durgadas Malla (977 - 994)
- Jagat Malla (994 - 1007)
- Ananta Malla (1007 - 1015)
- Rup Malla (1015 - 1029)
- Sundar Malla (1029 - 1053)
- Kumud Malla (1053 - 1074)
- Krishna Malla (1074 - 1084)
- Rup II (Jhap) Malla (1084 - 1097)
- Prakash Malla (1097 - 1102)
- Pratap Malla (1102 - 1113)
- Sindur Malla (1113 - 1129)
- Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla (1129 - 1142)
- Banamali Malla (1142 - 1156)
- Yadu/Jadu Malla (1156 - 1167)
- Jiban Malla (1167 - 1185)
- Ram(Kshetra) Malla (1185 - 1209)
- Gobinda Malla (1209 - 1240)
- Bhim Malla (1240 - 1263)
- Katar(Khattar) Malla (1263 - 1295)
- Prithwi Malla (1295 - 1319)
- Tapa Malla (1319 - 1334)
- Dinabandhu Malla (1334 - 1345)
- Kinu/Kanu II Malla (1345 - 1358)
- Shur Malla II (1358 - 1370)
- Shiv Singh Malla (1370 - 1407)
- Madan Malla (1407 - 1420)
- Durjan Malla (1420 - 1437)
- Uday Malla (1437 - 1460)
- Chandra Malla (1460 - 1501)
- Bir Malla (1501 - 1554)
- Dhari Malla (1554 - 1565)
- Hambir Malla Dev (1565 - 1620)
- Dhari Hambir Malla Dev (1620 - 1626)
- Raghunath Singha Dev (1626 - 1656)
- Bir Singha Dev (1656 - 1682)
- Durjan Singha Dev(1682 - 1702)
- Raghunath Singha Dev II (1702 - 1712)
- Gopal Singha Dev (1712 - 1748)
- Chaitanya Singha Dev (1748 - 1801)
- Madhav Singha Dev (1801 - 1809)
- Gopal Singha Dev II (1809 - 1876)
- Ramkrishna Singha Dev (1876 - 1885)
- Dwhajamoni Devi (1885 - 1889)
- Nilmoni Singha Dev (1889 - 1903)
- No King (1903 - 1930)
- Kalipada Singha Thakur (1930 - 1983)
Pala Empire
Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, the various historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[5]:32-39
| RC Majumdar (1971)[6] | AM Chowdhury (1967)[7] | BP Sinha (1977)[8] | DC Sircar (1975–76)[9] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gopala I | 750–770 | 756–781 | 755–783 | 750–775 |
| Dharmapala | 770–810 | 781–821 | 783–820 | 775–812 |
| Devapala | 810–c. 850 | 821–861 | 820–860 | 812–850 |
| Mahendrapala | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.) | |||
| Shurapala I | 850–853 | 861–866 | 860–865 | 850–858 |
| Vigrahapala I | 858–60 | |||
| Narayanapala | 854–908 | 866–920 | 865–920 | 860–917 |
| Rajyapala | 908–940 | 920–952 | 920–952 | 917–952 |
| Gopala II | 940–957 | 952–969 | 952–967 | 952–972 |
| Vigrahapala II | 960–c. 986 | 969–995 | 967–980 | 972–977 |
| Mahipala I | 988–c. 1036 | 995–1043 | 980–1035 | 977–1027 |
| Nayapala | 1038–1053 | 1043–1058 | 1035–1050 | 1027–1043 |
| Vigrahapala III | 1054–1072 | 1058–1075 | 1050–1076 | 1043–1070 |
| Mahipala II | 1072–1075 | 1075–1080 | 1076–1078/9 | 1070–1071 |
| Shurapala | 1075–1077 | 1080–1082 | 1071–1072 | |
| Ramapala | 1077–1130 | 1082–1124 | 1078/9–1132 | 1072–1126 |
| Kumarapala | 1130–1125 | 1124–1129 | 1132–1136 | 1126–1128 |
| Gopala III | 1140–1144 | 1129–1143 | 1136–1144 | 1128–1143 |
| Madanapala | 1144–1162 | 1143–1162 | 1144–1161/62 | 1143–1161 |
| Govindapala | 1155–1159 | NA | 1162–1176 or 1158–1162 | 1161–1165 |
| Palapala | NA | NA | NA | 1165–1199 |
Note:[5]
- Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
- AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
- According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.
Chandra Dynasty
- Traillokyachandra (900–930)
- Srichandra (930–975)
- Kalyanachandra (975–1000)
- Ladahachandra (1000–1020)
- Govindachandra (1020–1050)
Sen Dynasty
- Hemantasen (1070–1096)
- Vijayasen (1096–1159)
- Ballalsen (1159–1179)
- Lakshmansen (1179–1206)
- Vishwarupsen (1206–1225)
- Keshabsen (1225–1230)
Deva Dynasty
- Purushottamadeva
- Madhusudanadeva
- Vasudeva
- Damodaradeva (1231–1243)
- Dasharathadeva (1281)
Khilji dynasty (1204–1227)
Main article: Khilji dynasty
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji | 1204–1206 | |
| Muhammad Shiran Khilji | 1206–1208 | |
| Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah | 1208–1210 | |
| Ali Mardan Khilji | 1210–1212 | |
| Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah | 1212–1227 | second term as Husamuddin Iwaj Khilji |
Governors of Bengal under Mamluk Sultanate (1227–1281)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nasiruddin Mahmud | 1227–1229 | |
| Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji | 1229–1230[10] | |
| Malik Balkha Khilji | 1230–1231 | |
| Alauddin Jani | 1232–1233 | |
| Saifuddin Aibak | 1233–1236 | |
| Awor Khan Aibak | 1236 | |
| Tughral Tughan Khan | 1236–1246 | |
| Tughlaq Tamar Khan | 1246–1247 | |
| Jalaluddin Masud Jani | 1247–1251 | |
| Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak | 1251–1257 | |
| Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki | 1257–1259 | |
| Tatar Khan | 1259–1268 | |
| Sher Khan | 1268–1272 | |
| Amin Khan | 1272–1272 | |
| Tughral Tughan Khan | 1272–1281 | Second term as Mughisuddin Tughral |
Balban dynasty (1281–1324)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nasiruddin Bughra Khan | 1281 –1291 | As governor of Lakhnauti in 1281–1287 and as independent Sultan in 1287–1291. |
| Rukunuddin Kaikaus | 1291–1300 | First Muslim ruler to conquer Satgaon kingdom. Divided Bengal into two parts – Bihar and Lakhnauti. |
| Shamsuddin Firoz Shah | 1300–1322 | First Muslim ruler to conquer Sonargaon region. |
| Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah | 1322–1324 | Lost independence of Bengal to Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. |
Governors of Bengal under Tughlaq Sultanate (1324–1339)
| Name | Region | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah | Sonargaon | 1324–1328 | |
| Bahram Khan | Sonargaon | 1328–1338 | |
| Qadar Khan | Lakhnauti | 1328–1336 | |
| Mukhlis | Lakhnauti | 1336–1339 | |
| Azam Khan | Satgaon | 1324–1328 | |
| Izzuddin Yahya | Satgaon | 1328–1339 |
Independent Sultans of Bengal during Tughlaq Sultanate (1338–1352)
| Name | Region | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah | Sonargaon | 1338–1349 | |
| Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah | Sonargaon | 1349–1352 | |
| Ilyas Shah | Satgaon | 1339–1342 | |
| Alauddin Ali Shah | Lakhnauti | 1339–1342 | |
| Ilyas Shah | Lakhnauti and Satgaon | 1342–1352 |
Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414)
Main article: Ilyas Shahi dynasty
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah | 1352–1358 | Became the first sole ruler of whole Bengal comprising Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti. |
| Sikandar Shah | 1358–1390 | Assassinated by his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah |
| Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah | 1390–1411 | |
| Saifuddin Hamza Shah | 1411–1412 | |
| Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah | 1412–1414 |
House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Raja Ganesha | 1414–1415 | |
| Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah | 1415–1416 | Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam |
| Raja Ganesha | 1416–1418 | Second Phase |
| Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah | 1418–1433 | Second Phase |
| Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah | 1433–1435 |
Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah | 1435–1459 | |
| Rukunuddin Barbak Shah | 1459–1474 | |
| Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah | 1474–1481 | |
| Sikandar Shah II | 1481 | |
| Jalaaluddin Fateh Shah | 1481–1487 |
Habshi rule (1487–1494)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shahzada Barbak | 1487 | |
| Saifuddin Firuz Shah | 1487–1489 | |
| Mahmud Shah II | 1489–1490 | |
| Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah | 1490–1494 |
Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494–1538)
Main article: Hussain Shahi dynasty
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Alauddin Hussain Shah | 1494–1518 | |
| Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah | 1518–1533 | |
| Alauddin Firuz Shah | 1533 | |
| Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah | 1533–1538 |
Governors of Bengal under Suri Empire (1532–1555)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sher Shah Suri | 1532–1538 | Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540. |
| Khidr Khan | 1538–1541 | |
| Qazi Fazilat | 1541–1545 | |
| Muhammad Khan Sur | 1545–1554 | |
| Shahbaz Khan | 1555 |
Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564)
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Khan Sur | 1554–1555 | Declared independence and styled himself as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah |
| Khizr Khan Suri | 1555–1561 | |
| Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah | 1561–1563 | |
| Ghiyasuddin Shah III | 1563–1564[11] |
Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)
Main article: Karrani dynasty
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Taj Khan Karrani | 1564–1566 | |
| Sulaiman Khan Karrani | 1566–1572 | |
| Bayazid Khan Karrani | 1572 | |
| Daud Khan Karrani | 1572–1576 |
Mughal Subahdars of Bengal Subah (1565–1717)
During the reign of Akbar
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Munim Khan | 1574–1575 | Khan-i-Khanan |
| Hussain Quli Khan | 1575–1578 | |
| Muzaffar Khan Turbati | 1579–1580 | |
| Mirza Aziz Koka | 1582–1583 | |
| Wazir Khan Tajik | 1583–1583 | |
| Shahbaz Khan Kamboh | 1583–1585 | |
| Sadiq Khan | 1585–1586 | |
| Wazir Khan Tajik | 1586–1587 | |
| Sa'id Khan | 1587–1594 | |
| Raja Man Singh I | 1597 – 1606[12] |
During the reign of Jahangir
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Qutubuddin Koka | Sep 2, 1606 – 1607 | killed in a battle against Sher Afghan. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tomb where both of them were buried is presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.) |
| Jahangir Quli Beg | 1607–1608 | In early life, a slave of Akbar's brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim |
| Islam Khan Chishti | 1608–1613 | first governor to transfer the Bengal capital to Dhaka in April 1612 |
| Qasim Khan Chishti | 1613–1617 | younger brother of Islam Khan Chishti |
| Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang | 1617–1624 | died in an attack by Prince Shahjahan |
| Mahabat Khan | 1625–1626 | |
| Mukarram Khan | 1626–1627 | |
| Fidai Khan | 1627–1628 |
During the reign of Shah Jahan
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Qasim Khan Juvayni | 1628–1632 | |
| Mir Muhammad Baqir | 1632–1635 | Known as Azam Khan |
| Mir Abdus Salam | 1635–1639 | Known as Islam Khan Mashadi |
| Prince Shah Shuja | 1639–1647 again 1652–1660 |
During the reign of Aurangzeb
Azim-us-Shan (r. 1697–1712) receiving the investiture of Khizr
| Name | Reign | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mir Jumla II | 1660–1663 | ||
| Shaista Khan | 1664–1678 | ||
| Azam Khan Koka | 1678–1678 | Known as Fidai Khan II | |
| Prince Muhammad Azam | 20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679[13] | ||
| Shaista Khan | 1680–1688 | ||
| Ibrahim Khan II | 1689–1697 | ||
| Prince Azim-us-Shan | 1697–1712 |
Post Aurangzeb Subahdars
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Khan-i-Alam | 1712–1713 | |
| Farrukh Siyar | 1713–1717 | |
| Murshid Quli Khan | 1717–1727 |
The Nawabs of Bengal
| Portrait | Titular Name | Personal Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Ala ud-Daulah | Murshid Quli Jafar Khan | 1665 | 1717– 1727 | 30 June 1727 |
 |
Mirza Asadullah | Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur | ? | 1727–1727 | April 1740 |
 |
Shuja ud-Daula | Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan | 1670 | July 1727 – 26 August 1739 | 26 August 1739 |
|
Mirza Asadullah | Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur | ? | 13 March 1739 – April 1740 | April 1740 |
 |
Husam ud-Daula | Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur | 10 May 1671 | 29 April 1740 – 16 April 1756 | 16 April 1756 |
 |
Siraj ud-Daulah | Mîrzâ Muhammad Sirâj-ud-Daulah | 1733 | April 1756 – 2 June 1757 | 2 July 1757 |
_and_Mir_Miran_(right).jpg) |
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur | Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan | 1691 | June 1757 – October 1760 | 17 January 1765 |
 |
Itimad ud-Daulah | Mir Kasim Ali Khan Bahadur | ? | 1760–1763 | 1777 |
|
Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur | Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan | 1691 | 25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765 | 17 January 1765 |
 |
Nazam-ud-Daulah | Najimuddin Ali Khan | 1750 | 5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766 | 8 May 1766 |
 |
Saif ud-Daulah | Najabut Ali Khan | 1749 | 22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770 | 10 March 1770 |
 |
Mubarak ud-Daulah | Ashraf Ali Khan | 1759 | 21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793 | 6 September 1793 |
 |
Azud ud-Daulah | Babar Ali Khan Bahadur | ? | 1793 – 28 April 1810 | 28 April 1810 |
 |
Ali Jah | Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan | ? | 5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821 | 6 August 1821 |
 |
Walla Jah | Ahmad Ali Khan | ? | 1810 – 30 October 1824 | 30 October 1824 |
 |
Humayun Jah | Mubarak Ali Khan | 29 September 1810 | 1824 – 3 October 1838 | 3 October 1838 |
 |
Feradun Jah | Mansur Ali Khan | 29 October 1830 | 29 October 1838 –1881 (abdicated) | 5 November 1884 |
Nawabs of Murshidabad
| Picture | Titular Name | Personal Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Ali Kadir | Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 25 August 1846 | 17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906 | 25 December 1906 |
 |
Amir ul-Omrah | Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 7 January 1875 | December 1906–23 October 1959 | 23 October 1959 |
 |
Raes ud-Daulah | Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur | 14 November 1901 | 1959 – 20 November 1969 ( no clear successor-post/title in dispute) | 20 November 1969 |
Hindu Rajas in Bengal
Maharajas of Bhurshut
- Shivanarayan
- Rudranarayan
- Bhavashankari
- Pratapnarayan
- Naranarayan
- Lakshminarayan
Maharajas of Bankura
- Adi Malla (694 - 710)
- Jay Malla (710 - 720)
- Kalu Malla
- Kau Malla
- Jhau Malla
- Sur Malla
- Jagat Malla (994 - 1007)
- Prithwi Malla (1295 - 1319)
- Dinabandhu Malla (1334 - 1345)
- Shiv Singh Malla (1370 - 1407)
- Madan Malla (1407 - 1420)
- Durjan Malla (1420 - 1437)
- Uday Malla (1437 - 1460)
- Chandra Malla (1460 - 1501)
- Bir Malla (1501 - 1554)
- Dhari Malla (1554 - 1565)
- Hambir Malla Dev (1565 - 1620)
- Dhari Hambir Malla Dev (1620 - 1626)
- Raghunath Singha Dev (1626 - 1656)
- Bir Singha Dev (1656 - 1682)
- Bir Singha Dev II
- Durjan Singha Dev (1694)
- Raghunath Singha Dev II (1702 - 1712)
- Gopal Singha Dev (1712 - 1748)
- Chaitannya Singha Dev (1748 - 1801)
- Madhav Singh Dev (1801 - 1809)
- Gopal Singha Dev-II(1809-1876)
- Ramkrishna Singha Dev(1876-1889)
- Nilmoni Singha Dev(1889-1930)
- Kalipada Singha Thakur(1930-1984)
Maharajas of Koch kingdom
- Viswa Singha
- Nara Narayan
- Lakshmi Narayan
- Harendra Narayan
- Shivendra Narayan
- Narendra Narayan
- Nripendra Narayan
- Jitendra Narayan
- Jagaddipendra Narayan
Maharajas of Jessore Kingdom
Maharajas of Nadia
Governors of British East India Company held trading posts (1757–1793)
- Robert Clive 1757–1760
- Henry Vansittart 1760–1764
- Robert Clive 1765–1766
- Harry Verelst 1767–1769
- John Cartier 1769–1772
- Warren Hastings 1772–1774
- Charles Cornwallis 1786–1793
As per the treaty of Allahabad in 1765, British East India Company was given the right to collect revenue (Diwani right). From 1769 East India company collected revenue from Bengal. East India company abolished Nizamat i.e. local rule by Mughal emperor appointed Nawab's and annexed Bengal in 1793.
Governors of British East India Company in Bengal(1793–1854)
- Richard Wellesley 1797–1805
- Charles Cornwallis 1805–1805
- James Broun-Ramsay 1848–1854
British Colonial Period
Lieutenant-Governors (1854–1912)
- Frederick James Halliday 1854–1859
- John Grant 1859–1862
- Sir Cecil Beadon 1862–1866
- Sir William Grey 1866–1871
- George Campbell 1871–1874
- Sir Richard Temple 1874–1877
- Sir Ashley Eden 1877–1879
- Steuart Bayley 1879–1882
- Sir Augustus Thompson 1882–1885
- Horace Cockerell 1885–1887
- Sir Steuart Bayley 1887–1890
- Charles Eliott 1890–1893
- Anthony MacDonnell 1893–1895
- Alexander Mackenzie 1895–1897
- Charles Cecil Stevens 1897–1898
- Sir John Woodburn 1898–1902
- James Bourdillon 1902–1903
- Sir Andrew Fraser 1903–1906
- Lancelot Hare 1906–1906
- Francis Slacke 1906–1908
- Sir Edward Baker 1908–1911
- Sir William Duke 1911–1912
Governors (1912–1947)
- Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael 1912–1917
- Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland as Earl of Ronaldshay 1917–1922
- Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton 1922–1927
- Sir Stanley Jackson 1927–1932
- Sir John Anderson 1932–1937
- Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne 1937–1939
- John Arthur Herbert 1939–1943
- Sir Richard Casey 1944–1946
- Sir Frederick Burrows 1946–1947
Prime Ministers of Bengal Presidency (1937–1947)
| No | Name | Term(s)[14] | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq | 1 April 1937 - 1 December 1941 12 December 1941 - 29 March 1943 | Krishak Praja Party |
| 2 | Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin | 29 April 1943 - 31 March 1945 | All India Muslim League |
| 3 | H. S. Suhrawardy | 23 April 1946 - 14 August 1947 | All India Muslim League |
Subsequently, all three Bengali premiers moved to East Pakistan, where they continued to be influential statesmen. Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy became Prime Ministers of Pakistan, while Huq served as the Chief Minister and Governor of East Pakistan.
After Independence of India and Pakistan
British colonial period ended when India and Pakistan became independent nations in 1947. Bengal fell into two parts – one in India, named West Bengal and the other part in Pakistan as East Bengal, later renamed to East Pakistan in 1955.
Governors of West Bengal
| # | Name | Took Office | Left Office |
| 1 | Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari | 1947 | 1948 |
| 2 | Kailash Nath Katju | 1948 | 1951 |
| 3 | Harendra Coomar Mookerjee | 1951 | 1956 |
| 4 | Phani Bhusan Chakraborty | 1956 | 1956 |
| 5 | Padmaja Naidu | 1956 | 1967 |
| 6 | Dharma Vira | 1967 | 1969 |
| 7 | Deep Narayan Sinha | 1969 | 1969 |
| 8 | Shanti Swaroop Dhavan | 1969 | 1971 |
| 9 | Anthony Lancelot Dias | 1971 | 1979 |
| 10 | Tribhuvana Narayana Singh | 1979 | 1981 |
| 11 | Bhairab Dutt Pande | 1981 | 1983 |
| 12 | Anant Prasad Sharma | 1983 | 1984 |
| 13 | Satish Chandra | 1984 | 1984 |
| 14 | Uma Shankar Dikshit | 1984 | 1986 |
| 15 | Nurul Hasan | 1986 | 1989 |
| 16 | T. V. Rajeshwar | 1989 | 1990 |
| 17 | Nurul Hasan | 1990 | 1993 |
| 18 | B. Satyanarayan Reddy | 1993 | 1993 |
| 19 | K.V. Raghunatha Reddy | 1993 | 1998 |
| 20 | A.R. Kidwai | 1998 | 1999 |
| 21 | Shyamal Kumar Sen | 1999 | 1999 |
| 22 | Viren J. Shah | 1999 | 2004 |
| 23 | Gopalkrishna Gandhi | 2004 | 2009 |
| 24 | Devanand Konwar | 2009 | 2010 |
| 25 | Mayankote Kelath Narayanan | 2010 | 2014 |
| 26 | Keshari Nath Tripathi | 2014 |
Chief Ministers of West Bengal
| Key: | INC Indian National Congress |
BC-UF Bangla Congress |
CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
|---|
| # | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Political Party |
| 1 | Prafulla Chandra Ghosh | 15 August 1947 | 14 January 1948 | Indian National Congress |
| 2 | Bidhan Chandra Roy | 14 January 1948 | 1 July 1962 | Indian National Congress |
| President's rule | 1 July 1962 | 8 July 1962 | ||
| 3 | Prafulla Chandra Sen | 8 July 1962 | 15 March 1967 | Indian National Congress |
| 4 | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 15 March 1967 | 2 November 1967 | Bangla Congress in United Front |
| 5 | Prafulla Chandra Ghosh | 2 November 1967 | 20 February 1968 | Nonparty in Progressive Democratic Alliance Front |
| President's rule | 20 February 1968 | 25 February 1969 | ||
| 6 | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 25 February 1969 | 19 March 1970 | Bangla Congress in United Front |
| President's rule | 19 March 1970 | 2 April 1971 | ||
| 7 | Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee | 2 April 1971 | 28 June 1971 | Indian National Congress in coalition |
| President's rule | 28 June 1971 | 19 March 1972 | ||
| 8 | Siddhartha Shankar Ray | 19 March 1972 | 21 June 1977 | Indian National Congress |
| 9 | Jyoti Basu | 21 June 1977 | 6 November 2000 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Left Front |
| 10 | Buddhadeb Bhattacharya | 6 November 2000 | 13 May 2011 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Left Front |
| 11 | Mamata Banerjee | 20 May 2011 | Incumbent | All India Trinamool Congress |
Governors of East Pakistan
| Tenure | Governor of East Pakistan[15] | Political Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| 14 October 1955 – March 1956 | Amiruddin Ahmad | Muslim League |
| March 1956 – 13 April 1958 | A. K. Fazlul Huq | Muslim League |
| 13 April 1958 – 3 May 1958 | Hamid Ali (acting) | Awami League |
| 3 May 1958 – 10 October 1958 | Sultanuddin Ahmad | Awami League |
| 10 October 1958 – 11 April 1960 | Zakir Husain | Muslim League |
| 11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962 | Lieutenant-General Azam Khan, PA | Military Administration |
| 11 May 1962 – 25 October 1962 | Ghulam Faruque | Independent |
| 25 October 1962 – 23 March 1969 | Abdul Monem Khan | Civil Administration |
| 23 March 1969 – 25 March 1969 | Mirza Nurul Huda | Civil Administration |
| 25 March 1969 – 23 August 1969 | Major-General Muzaffaruddin,[16] PA | Military Administration |
| 23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969 | Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA | Military Administration |
| 1 September 1969 – 7 March 1971 | Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan, PN | Military Administration |
| 7 March 1971 – 6 April 1971 | Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA | Military Administration |
| 6 April 1971 – 31 August 1971 | Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, PA | Military Administration |
| 31 August 1971 – 14 December 1971 | Abdul Motaleb Malik | Independent |
| 14 December 1971 – 16 December 1971 | Lieutenant-General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi, PA | Military Administration |
| 16 December 1971 | Province of East Pakistan dissolved |
Chief Minister of East Pakistan
| Tenure | Chief Minister of East Pakistan | Political Party |
|---|---|---|
| August 1947 – September 1948 | Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin | Muslim League |
| September 1948 – April 1954 | Nurul Amin | Muslim League |
| April 1954 – 1955 | Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq | Muslim League |
| August 1955 – September 1956 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| September 1956 – March 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
| March 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| March 1958 – 18 June 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
| 18 June 1958 – 22 June 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
| 22 June 1958 – 25 August 1958 | Governor's Rule | |
| 25 August 1958 – 7 October 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
On 7 October 1958, the post of Chief Minister of East Pakistan was abolished. And after the independence of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971, the Province of East Pakistan was dissolved.
After independence of Bangladesh
East Pakistan seceded from West Pakistan on 16 December 1971 after the end of Bangladesh Liberation War and was named Bangladesh as an independent nation. President was the executive head of Bangladesh during Presidential system of government from 1975 to 1991. Rest part of the history, Prime Minister is the executive head of this parliamentary republic while President is a ceremonial post elected by the parliament.
Presidents of Bangladesh
| Key: | Awami League / BAKSAL | Bangladesh Nationalist Party | Jatiya Party | Independent |
|---|
| # | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Party |
| 1 | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 17 April 1971 | 12 January 1972 | Awami League |
| — | Syed Nazrul Islam Acting | 17 April 1971 | 12 January 1972 | Awami League |
| 2 | Abu Sayeed Chowdhury | 12 January 1972 | 24 December 1973 | Awami League |
| 3 | Mohammad Mohammadullah | 24 December 1973 | 25 January 1975 | Awami League |
| 4 | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 25 January 1975 | 15 August 1975 (assassinated) | BAKSAL |
| 5 | Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad | 15 August 1975 | 6 November 1975 | Awami League |
| 6 | Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem | 6 November 1975 | 21 April 1977 | Awami League |
| 7 | Ziaur Rahman | 21 April 1977 | 30 May 1981 (assassinated) | Military / Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 8 | Abdus Sattar | 30 May 1981 | 24 March 1982 (deposed) | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| — | Hussain Muhammad Ershad | 24 March 1982 | 27 March 1982 | Military Administration |
| 9 | Ahsanuddin Chowdhury | 27 March 1982 | 10 December 1983 | Independent |
| 10 | Hussain Muhammad Ershad | 11 December 1983 | 6 December 1990 | Military / Jatiya Party |
| — | Shahabuddin Ahmed Acting | 6 December 1990 | 10 October 1991 | Independent |
| 11 | Abdur Rahman Biswas | 10 October 1991 | 9 October 1996 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 12 | Shahabuddin Ahmed | 9 October 1996 | 14 November 2001 | Independent |
| 13 | Badruddoza Chowdhury | 14 November 2001 | 21 June 2002 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| — | Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar Acting | 21 June 2002 | 6 September 2002 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 14 | Iajuddin Ahmed | 6 September 2002 | 12 February 2009 | Independent |
| 15 | Zillur Rahman | 12 February 2009 | 20 March 2013 (died) | Awami League |
| 16 | Abdul Hamid | 14 March 2013 | Incumbent | Awami League |
Prime Ministers of Bangladesh
| Key: | Awami League / BAKSAL | Bangladesh Nationalist Party | Jatiya Party |
|---|
| # | Name | Took Office | Left Office | Party |
| 1 | Tajuddin Ahmed | 10 April 1971 | 13 January 1972 | Awami League |
| 2 | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 13 January 1972 | 26 January 1975 | Awami League |
| 3 | Mohammad Mansoor Ali | 26 January 1975 | 15 August 1975 | BAKSAL |
| 4 | Shah Azizur Rahman | 15 April 1979 | 24 March 1982 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 5 | Ataur Rahman Khan | 30 March 1984 | 9 July 1986 | Jatiya Party |
| 6 | Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury | 9 July 1986 | 27 March 1988 | Jatiya Party |
| 7 | Moudud Ahmed | 27 March 1988 | 12 August 1989 | Jatiya Party |
| 8 | Kazi Zafar Ahmed | 12 August 1989 | 6 December 1990 | Jatiya Party |
| 9 | Khaleda Zia, 1st Term | 20 March 1991 | 16 February 1996 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 10 | Khaleda Zia, 2nd Term | 16 March 1996 | 30 March 1996 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 11 | Sheikh Hasina Wazed, 1st Term | 23 June 1996 | 15 July 2001 | Awami League |
| 12 | Khaleda Zia, 3rd Term | 10 October 2001 | 29 October 2006 | Bangladesh Nationalist Party |
| 13 | Sheikh Hasina Wazed, 2nd Term | 1 January 2009 | 5 January 2014 | Awami League |
| 14 | Sheikh Hasina Wazed, 3rd term | 5 January 2014 | Incumbent | Awami League |
References
- ↑ Ray, Krishnendu (2012). "Khadga Dynasty". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ Dasgupta 2009, p. 30.
- ↑ Malabhum, Bishnupur-Chandra, Manoranjan; 2004; Kolkata. Deys Publishing ISBN 8129500442
- ↑ History of Bishnupur Raj-Malick Abhaayapada. 1982, West Bengal
- 1 2 Susan L. Huntington (1 January 1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
- ↑ History of Ancient Bengal, pp. 161–162, 1971
- ↑ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
- ↑ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1 January 1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. GGKEY:KR1EJ2EGCTJ.
- ↑ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–76). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Indian History IX: 209–10.
- ↑ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Iltutmish". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh
- ↑ Sarkar, Jadunath (1984, reprint 1994). A History of Jaipur, New Delhi: Orient Longman ISBN 81-250-0333-9, pp.86–87
- ↑ Karim, Abdul (2012). "Muhammad Azam, Prince". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- ↑ http://wbassembly.gov.in/html/permiersOfBen.html
- ↑ Ben Cahoon, WorldStatesmen.org. "Bangladesh". Retrieved 3 October 2007.
- ↑ (acting martial law administrator and governor as he was the GOC 14th Infantry Division)
Sources
- Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira,; Mallik, Rabiranjan, (2009), Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur, A Mittal Publication, p. 21, ISBN 8183242944
External links
- Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Subahdar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
- KingListsFarEast
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