List of important publications in chemistry

This is a list of important publications in chemistry, organized by field.

Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:

Foundations

The Sceptical Chymist

Description: Boyle, in the form of a dialogue, argued that chemical theories should be firmly grounded in experiment before their acceptance, and for the foundation of chemistry as a science separate from medicine and alchemy.

Importance: Topic Creator, Influence. Boyle, in this book, became the first to argue that experiment should form the basis of all theory, a common practice in chemistry today. He also expounded on a rudimentary atomic theory and the existence of chemical elements beyond the classic earth, fire, air, and water.[1] He is seen as the father of chemistry,[2] and this is his most celebrated book,[3] with continued relevance to the present day.[4]

Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry)

Description: This book was intended as an introduction to new theories in chemistry and as such, was one of the first Chemistry textbooks.[5]

Importance: Introduction, Influence. Aside from being one of the first chemistry textbooks, the book was one of the first to state the Law of conservation of mass, define a chemical element, and contain a list of known elements.[6][7][8]

Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique

Description: This publication laid out a logical system for naming chemical substances (mainly chemical elements and inorganic compounds).

Importance: Prior to this publication, a multitude of names were often used for the same substance. This publication led to an international consensus on how to name chemical substances.

A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Description: This book explained Dalton's theory of atoms and its applications to chemistry.

Importance: Topic Creator, Breakthrough, Influence. The book was one of the first to describe a modern atomic theory, a theory that lies at the basis of modern chemistry.[9] It is the first to introduce a table of atomic and molecular weights.[10] Surprisingly, given the period in which the book was written, of the five properties of atoms that Dalton listed, only two have been shown to be incorrect.

The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements

Description and Importance: In this paper the periodic table was introduced.[11] Notice that the table in the above link is the original one. Since then the table structure was slightly changed and new elements were added to it.

Organic chemistry

Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations

Description: Contains synthetic models selected by world-renowned experts, with full experimental procedures and background information. Considers methods from journals, books, and patent literature from the early 19th century up to the present day and presents important synthetic methods for all classes of compounds. Critically evaluates the preparative applicability and significance of the synthetic methods.

Importance: A reference publication.[12]

March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure

Description: A comprehensive reference for organic chemistry with over 25,000 references.

Importance: A reference publication.[13]

The Logic of Chemical Synthesis

Description: Describes the logic underlying the rational design of complex organic synthesis.

Importance: Breakthrough, Influence

Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis

Description: A comprehensive reference for the usage of protecting groups in organic synthesis.

Importance: A reference publication.

Comprehensive Organic Transformations

Description: A standard reference for the practicing organic chemist. These books are just enormous lists of key references indexed by functional group transformations.

Importance: A reference publication.

Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds

Description: systematic and complete exposition of all aspects of organic stereochemistry

Importance: standard advanced text for organic stereochemistry.[14]


The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry

Description: This book summarizes a series of publications (the first in 1965) by the Nobel Prize winning authors where they describe the mechanism of a series of pericyclic reactions based upon the conservation of orbital symmetry leading to what are now called the Woodward–Hoffmann rules.

Importance: the concepts outlined in this text changed the field of organic chemistry and ushered in the frontier molecular orbital theory approach toward understanding reactions.

Classics in Total Synthesis

Description. The synthesis of famous molecules done by the masters of organic chemistry

Importance. A standard postgraduate text book for the study of total synthesis and a valuable reference work for experts. "..destined to become a classic itself".[15]

Inorganic chemistry

Chemical Applications of Group Theory

Description: Explains the use of symmetry groups in describing molecular symmetry and its rôle in determining molecular properties.

Importance: Significant influence by introducing group theory to a much wider group of chemists.

Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

Description: A classic general textbook for an undergraduate course in inorganic chemistry

Importance: This book is not only a good introduction to the subject, it was very different from earlier texts and "led to a fundamental shift in the way in which inorganic chemistry was studied".[16] It seemed to be symbolic of the renaissance in inorganic chemistry starting in the 1950s. Every new text in inorganic chemistry since this text has had to respond to it.

Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry

Description: Unique very advanced and comprehensive coverage of every element known at the time by chapter describing all known compounds yet discovered or synthesised. Approaches chemistry as the study of elements and compounds without the later emphasis on bond theory and analysis.

Importance: Inspired and instructed generations of English speaking scientists and students.

Physical chemistry

Physical Chemistry (Atkins and de Paula)

Description: A classic general textbook for an undergraduate course in physical chemistry

Importance: This book is not only a good introduction to the subject, it was very different from earlier texts and altered the way physical chemistry was taught. The first edition was very widely used where English is the language of instruction. Other texts had to respond to the lead from Atkins. The current edition is the 10th edition.

Physical Chemistry (Berry, Rice and Ross)

Description: An encyclopedic text and reference suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate study.

Importance: This massive text by outstanding research workers begins with simple systems and proceeds logically to the more complex phenomena of physical chemistry. The original literature is cited extensively, making the work useful as a reference as well as a textbook. Many topics of current research are treated. Its advanced and exhaustive coverage of the field, together with extensive coverage of modern topics, eclipses the former champion, the text by E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes.

Biochemistry

A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Description: In this paper the structure of DNA was proposed. It consisted of a double helix with a phosphate backbone, unlike Linus Pauling and R.B. Corey's double helix where the backbone consisted of the bases. They conclude with the sly remark: "It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material."

Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence

Analytical chemistry

Statistics for Experimenters: An Introduction to Design, Data Analysis, and Model Building

Importance: Although almost devoid of classical chemistry, this is the definitive text for any experimentalist. This is particularly true for any chemist measuring or studying the properties or effects of chemical compounds, mixtures or other substances.

Description: Starting with examples comparing two sets of experimental data, this text explains variance and the calculation of standard deviations, degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis and the "Student's" t-Test by William J. Gosset. Further chapters discuss the importance of randomization and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) using F distributions before delving into the use of statistically designed experiments including block and factorial designs. The book finishes with least squares regression analysis along with response surface and mechanistic modeling.

Though chemical examples were few, it should be mentioned that co-author William G. Hunter, George Box's protege, had a Bachelor's and a Master's degree in Chemical Engineering with the book written in such a manner that its concepts would easily apply to chemical investigations.

Polymer chemistry

Principles of Polymer Chemistry

Importance: First major text on polymer chemistry; presents both organic and physical chemistry aspects. Written by a chemist who made major contributions to the physical chemistry of polymers, for which he won the Nobel prize in 1974.

Description: Discusses structure and stereochemistry of synthetic polymers, polymerization kinetics, behaviour of polymers in solution, chain dimensions.

Environmental chemistry

Aquatic Chemistry, Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters

Description. This book covers the full spectrum of the discipline including acid/base equilibria, carbonate chemistry, mass transfer, complexation, sorption phenomenon, oxidation/reduction, colloid chemistry, and flocculation/coagulation. The authors generally present the material using a ground up approach that emphasizes fundamental principles of thermodynamics and kinetics.

Importance. The publication is one of the most widely cited texts in environmental chemistry. In 1999, Stumm and Morgan received the Stockholm Water Prize for their contributions in the field. The citation specifically mentioned Aquatic Chemistry where it was described as a "seminal book" which is "used in education all over the world".[17]

Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone

Mario J. Molina and F. S. Rowland, Nature 249, 810–812 (1974)

Description: This paper warned of the danger of ozone depletion due to man-made chlorofluorocarbons. The main atmospheric sink for these compounds was identified as ultraviolet photolysis, liberating chlorine atoms which catalyze the destruction of stratospheric ozone and have the potential to significantly deplete the ozone layer.

Importance: Influence, as described in the presentation speech for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995: “The findings presented by this year's laureates in chemistry have had an enormous political and industrial impact. This was because they clearly identified unacceptable environmental hazards in a large, economically important sector.”

Chemical thermodynamics

On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances

Description: paper applied the thermodynamic theory of steam engines to atomic level chemical reactions; i.e., it established equilibrium criteria necessary to predict the thermodynamic tendency of chemical reactions at constant temperature and pressure.

Importance: topic creator; historian Bill Bryson states, in his A Short History of Nearly Everything, that Gibbs’ Equilibrium paper is "the Principia of thermodynamics".[18] In addition, this paper, in many ways, functions as the mathematical foundation of physical chemistry.

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications

Description: The defining reference for electrochemistry, coupling thousands of electroanalytical methods with the theory behind them.

Importance: A reference publication.

Theoretical chemistry, Quantum chemistry and Computational Chemistry

Valence and the structure of atoms and molecules

Description: Discusses ionic and covalent bonding (polar and non-polar).

Importance: The book that introduced the modern concept of the covalent bond as the sharing of electron pairs, and tried to reconcile the chemist's empirical view of the atom with the physicist's and spectroscopist's quantum mechanical view. It could be considered a precursor to Pauling's books.

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry

Description: A classic and excellent introduction to quantum mechanics.

Importance: One of the earliest books that introduced quantum mechanics to chemists. It remains well loved by many to this day.[19]

Valence

Description: A classic introduction to valence and the theory of chemical binding.

Importance: This book is credited with causing the expansion of interest in molecular orbital theory from the 1950s.[20]

The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals; An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry

Description: A classic that was the first general book to introduce quantum mechanics to chemists.

Importance: Probably more than any other book, introduced quantum mechanics and, in particular, valence bond theory to experimental chemists.[19][20]

Density-Functional Theory of Atoms and Molecules

Description: A very thorough and scholarly account of density functional theory.

Importance: This is a good introduction to the subject, but has particular significance in the way it describes how the theory throws new light on old chemical concepts such as electronegativity.

Supramolecular chemistry

Supramolecular Chemistry – Concepts and Perspectives

Description: Comprehensive textbook written by topic creator.

Importance: Most-popular textbook on subject (according to Amazon.com). Lehn coined the term "supermolecule" in '73, developed the concept of supramolecular chemistry in '78, and won the Nobel Prize for his supramolecular chemistry work in ’87.

Supramolecular Medicinal Chemistry

Description: Selected articles: "Supramolecular Medicinal Chemistry: Mixed-Ligand Coordination Complexes".Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2007, 4 (3), pp 373–385;"Pharmaceutical co-crystals".Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006, 95 (3), pp 499–516;"Crystal engineering of pharmaceutical co-crystals from polymorphic active pharmaceutical ingredients". Chem. Commun, 2005, pp 4601 – 4603; "Recent advances of discrete coordination complexes and coordination polymers in drug delivery". Coord. Chem. Rev., 2011, 255, pp 1623–1641.

Importance: Breakthrough, Influence

Medicinal chemistry

The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry

Description: A great overview of the theory, methodology, and techniques of drug design.

Importance: Introduction, Influence

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "From the mazy and incoherent alchemical and iatrochemical doctrines, the former based on false conceptions of matter, the latter on erroneous views of life processes and physiology, a new science arose – the study of the composition of substances. The formulation of this definition of chemistry was due to Robert Boyle. In his Sceptical Chemist (1662) he freely criticized the prevailing scientific views and methods, with the object of showing that true knowledge could only be gained by the logical application of the principles of experiment and deduction." 1911 Britannica
  2. ↑ Famous Chemists, Sir William A. Tilden, George Routledge & Sons Ltd., (1921), pg 1 – 21.
  3. ↑ A History of Chemistry, Volume 2, J. R. Partington, Macmillan, reprinted 1969, pg 497.
  4. ↑ Doubts and paradoxes, Mike Sutton, Chemistry World, Volume 6, Number 4, April 2011, Page 46 – 49, Royal Society of Chemistry, ISSN 1473-7604
  5. ↑ Traité Élémentaire de Chimie – Details and contents (in French)
  6. ↑ "The spread of Lavoisier's doctrines was greatly facilitated by the defined and logical form in which he presented them in his Traite Elementaire de Chimie (presente dans un ordre nouveau et d'apres les decouvertes modernes) (1789)." 1911 Britannica
  7. ↑ Leicester & Klickstein 1969, p. 154
  8. ↑ McKenzie 1988, p. 410
  9. ↑ Leicester & Klickstein 1969, p. 251
  10. ↑ McKenzie 1988, p. 437
  11. ↑ Leicester & Klickstein 1969, p. 438
  12. ↑ Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship review by Judith N. Currano
  13. ↑ "His seminal reference-Advanced Organic Chemistry-is known worldwide and has been a mainstay among chemists for 30 years". New York Times obituary.
  14. ↑ Book review of Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds in Journal of Chemical Education
  15. ↑ Myers, Andrew G. (1997). "Review of "Classics in Total Synthesis"". Journal of the American Chemical Society 119 (33): 7906–7907. doi:10.1021/ja965773v.
  16. ↑ An Obituary of F. Albert Cotton
  17. ↑ The Stockholm International Water Institute Follow links to "Stockholm Water Prize", "Laureates", "1999", and "Read more".
  18. ↑ Bryson, Bill (2005). A Short History of Nearly Everything. Broadway Books. ISBN 0-7679-0817-1.
  19. 1 2 Linus Pauling as an Evangelical Chemist, Dudley Herschbach
  20. 1 2 Textbooks as Manifestos: C. A. Coulson after Linus Pauling and R. S. Mulliken, Ana Simões A lecture by video and transcript by a historian of science that clearly and in detail discusses the importance of Coulson's book in relation to the earlier work of Pauling and Mulliken.

References


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