List of homing endonuclease cutting sites
| Legend of nucleobases | |
|---|---|
| Code | Nucleotide represented |
| A | Adenine (A) |
| C | Cytosine (C) |
| G | Guanine (G) |
| T | Thymine (T) |
| N | A, C, G or T |
| M | A or C |
| R | A or G |
| W | A or T |
| Y | C or T |
| S | C or G |
| K | G or T |
| H | A, C or T |
| B | C, G or T |
| V | A, C or G |
| D | A, G or T |
The homing endonucleases are a special type of restriction enzymes encoded by introns or inteins. They act on the cellular DNA of the cell that synthesizes them; to be precise, in the opposite allele of the gene that encode them.[1]
- Further information: Homing endonuclease.
Homing endonucleases
The list includes some of the most studied examples. The following concepts have been detailed:
- Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature. Bibliographical references. (Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Homing endonuclease".)
- SF (Structural family): Any of the four established families for this kind of proteins, based in their shared structural motifs:
HI: LAGLIDADG family –HII: GIY-YIG family –HIII: H-N-H family –HIV: His-Cys box family. (Further reading: see the section "Structural families" in the article "Homing endonuclease".) - PDB code: Code used to identify the structure of a protein in the PDB database.
- Source: Organism that naturally produces the enzyme.
- D: Biological domain of the source: A: archaea – B: bacteria – E: eukarya.
- SCL: Subcelullar location: chloro: chloroplast – chrm: chromosomal – mito: mitochondrial – nuclear: extrachromosomal nuclear – phage: bacteriophage.
- Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme. The enzyme is specifically bound to this sequence.
- Cut: Cutting site and products of the cut. Both the recognition sequence and the cutting site match usually, but sometimes the cutting site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site.
| Enzyme | SF | PDB code | Source | D | SCL | Recognition sequence | Cut |
| I-AniI [2] | HI |
1P8K | Aspergillus nidulans | E | mito | 5' TTGAGGAGGTTTCTCTGTAAATAA 3' AACTCCTCCAAAGAGACATTTATT |
5' ---TTGAGGAGGTTTC TCTGTAAATAA--- 3' 3' ---AACTCCTCC AAAGAGACATTTATT--- 5' |
| I-CeuI [3][4][5][6] | HI |
2EX5 | Chlamydomonas eugametos | E | chloro | 5' TAACTATAACGGTCCTAAGGTAGCGA 3' ATTGATATTGCCAGGATTCCATCGCT |
5' ---TAACTATAACGGTCCTAA GGTAGCGA--- 3' 3' ---ATTGATATTGCCAG GATTCCATCGCT--- 5' |
| I-ChuI [7][8] | HI |
Chlamydomonas humicola | E | chloro | 5' GAAGGTTTGGCACCTCGATGTCGGCTCATC 3' CTTCCAAACCGTGGAGCTACAGCCGAGTAG |
5' ---GAAGGTTTGGCACCTCG ATGTCGGCTCATC--- 3' 3' ---CTTCCAAACCGTG GAGCTACAGCCGAGTAG--- 5' | |
| I-CpaI [8][9] | HI |
Chlamydomonas pallidostigmata | E | chloro | 5' CGATCCTAAGGTAGCGAAATTCA 3' GCTAGGATTCCATCGCTTTAAGT |
5' ---CGATCCTAAGGTAGCGAA ATTCA--- 3' 3' ---GCTAGGATTCCATC GCTTTAAGT--- 5' | |
| I-CpaII [10] | HI |
Chlamydomonas pallidostigmata | E | chloro | 5' CCCGGCTAACTCTGTGCCAG 3' GGGCCGATTGAGACACGGTC |
5' ---CCCGGCTAACTC TGTGCCAG--- 3' 5' ---GGGCCGAT TGAGACACGGTC--- 3' | |
| I-CreI [11] | HI |
1BP7 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | E | chloro | 5' CTGGGTTCAAAACGTCGTGAGACAGTTTGG 3' GACCCAAGTTTTGCAGCACTCTGTCAAACC |
5' ---CTGGGTTCAAAACGTCGTGA GACAGTTTGG--- 3' 3' ---GACCCAAGTTTTGCAG CACTCTGTCAAACC--- 5' |
| I-DmoI | HI |
1B24 | Desulfurococcus mobilis | A | chrm | 5' ATGCCTTGCCGGGTAAGTTCCGGCGCGCAT 3' TACGGAACGGCCCATTCAAGGCCGCGCGTA |
5' ---ATGCCTTGCCGGGTAA GTTCCGGCGCGCAT--- 3' 3' ---TACGGAACGGCC CATTCAAGGCCGCGCGTA--- 5' |
| H-DreI [12] | 1MOW | Escherichia coli pI-DreI | B | 5' CAAAACGTCGTAAGTTCCGGCGCG 3' GTTTTGCAGCATTCAAGGCCGCGC |
5' ---CAAAACGTCGTAA GTTCCGGCGCG--- 3' 3' ---GTTTTGCAG CATTCAAGGCCGCGC--- 5' | ||
| I-HmuI [13][14] | HIII |
1U3E | Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1 | B | phage | 5' AGTAATGAGCCTAACGCTCAGCAA 3' TCATTACTCGGATTGCGAGTCGTT |
Nicking endonuclease: * 3' ---TCATTACTCGGATTGC GAGTCGTT--- 5' |
| I-HmuII [14][15] | HIII |
Bacillus subtilis phage SP82 | B | phage | 5' AGTAATGAGCCTAACGCTCAACAA 3' TCATTACTCGGATTGCGAGTTGTT |
Nicking endonuclease: * 3' ---TCATTACTCGGATTGCGAGTTGTTN35 NNNN--- 5' | |
| I-LlaI [16][17] | HIII |
Lactococcus lactis | B | chrm | 5' CACATCCATAACCATATCATTTTT 3' GTGTAGGTATTGGTATAGTAAAAA |
5' ---CACATCCATAA CCATATCATTTTT--- 3' 3' ---GTGTAGGTATTGGTATAGTAA AAA--- 5' | |
| I-MsoI | 1M5X | Monomastix sp. | E | 5' CTGGGTTCAAAACGTCGTGAGACAGTTTGG 3' GACCCAAGTTTTGCAGCACTCTGTCAAACC |
5' ---CTGGGTTCAAAACGTCGTGA GACAGTTTGG--- 3' 3' ---GACCCAAGTTTTGCAG CACTCTGTCAAACC--- 5' | ||
| PI-PfuI | 1DQ3 | Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1 | A | 5' GAAGATGGGAGGAGGGACCGGACTCAACTT 3' CTTCTACCCTCCTCCCTGGCCTGAGTTGAA |
5' ---GAAGATGGGAGGAGGG ACCGGACTCAACTT--- 3' 3' ---CTTCTACCCTCC TCCCTGGCCTGAGTTGAA--- 5' | ||
| PI-PkoII | 2CW7 | Pyrococcus kodakarensis KOD1 | A | 5' CAGTACTACGGTTAC 3' GTCATGATGCCAATG |
5' ---CAGTACTACG GTTAC--- 3' 3' ---GTCATG ATGCCAATG--- 5' | ||
| I-PorI [18][19] | HIII |
Pyrobaculum organotrophum | A | chrm | 5' GCGAGCCCGTAAGGGTGTGTACGGG 3' CGCTCGGGCATTCCCACACATGCCC |
5' ---GCGAGCCCGTAAGGGT GTGTACGGG--- 3' 3' ---CGCTCGGGCATT CCCACACATGCCC--- 5' | |
| I-PpoI | HIV |
1EVX | Physarum polycephalum | E | nuclear | 5' TAACTATGACTCTCTTAAGGTAGCCAAAT 3' ATTGATACTGAGAGAATTCCATCGGTTTA |
5' ---TAACTATGACTCTCTTAA GGTAGCCAAAT--- 3' 3' ---ATTGATACTGAGAG AATTCCATCGGTTTA--- 5' |
| PI-PspI | HI |
Pyrococcus sp. | A | chrm | 5' TGGCAAACAGCTATTATGGGTATTATGGGT 3' ACCGTTTGTCGATAATACCCATAATACCCA |
5' ---TGGCAAACAGCTATTAT GGGTATTATGGGT--- 3' 3' ---ACCGTTTGTCGAT AATACCCATAATACCCA--- 5' | |
| I-ScaI [20][21] | HI |
Saccharomyces capensis | E | mito | 5' TGTCACATTGAGGTGCACTAGTTATTAC 3' ACAGTGTAACTCCACGTGATCAATAATG |
5' ---TGTCACATTGAGGTGCACT AGTTATTAC--- 3' 3' ---ACAGTGTAACTCCAC GTGATCAATAATG--- 5' | |
| I-SceI [4][5] | HI |
1R7M | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' AGTTACGCTAGGGATAACAGGGTAATATAG 3' TCAATGCGATCCCTATTGTCCCATTATATC |
5' ---AGTTACGCTAGGGATAA CAGGGTAATATAG--- 3' 3' ---TCAATGCGATCCC TATTGTCCCATTATATC--- 5' |
| PI-SceI [22][23] | HI |
1VDE | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | 5' ATCTATGTCGGGTGCGGAGAAAGAGGTAATGAAATGGCA 3' TAGATACAGCCCACGCCTCTTTCTCCATTACTTTACCGT |
5' ---ATCTATGTCGGGTGC GGAGAAAGAGGTAATGAAATGGCA--- 3' 3' ---TAGATACAGCC CACGCCTCTTTCTCCATTACTTTACCGT--- 5' | |
| I-SceII [24][25][26] | HI |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' TTTTGATTCTTTGGTCACCCTGAAGTATA 3' AAAACTAAGAAACCAGTGGGACTTCATAT |
5' ---TTTTGATTCTTTGGTCACCC TGAAGTATA--- 3' 3' ---AAAACTAAGAAACCAG TGGGACTTCATAT--- 5' | |
| I-SecIII [24][27][28] | HI |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' ATTGGAGGTTTTGGTAACTATTTATTACC 3' TAACCTCCAAAACCATTGATAAATAATGG |
5' ---ATTGGAGGTTTTGGTAAC TATTTATTACC--- 3' 3' ---TAACCTCCAAAACC ATTGATAAATAATGG--- 5' | |
| I-SceIV [24][29][30] | HI |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' TCTTTTCTCTTGATTAGCCCTAATCTACG 3' AGAAAAGAGAACTAATCGGGATTAGATGC |
5' ---TCTTTTCTCTTGATTA GCCCTAATCTACG--- 3' 3' ---AGAAAAGAGAAC TAATCGGGATTAGATGC--- 5' | |
| I-SceV [24][31] | HIII |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' AATAATTTTCTTCTTAGTAATGCC 3' TTATTAAAAGAAGAATCATTACGG |
5' ---AATAATTTTCT TCTTAGTAATGCC--- 3' 3' ---TTATTAAAAGAAGAATCATTA CGG--- 5' | |
| I-SceVI [24][32] | HIII |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' GTTATTTAATGTTTTAGTAGTTGG 3' CAATAAATTACAAAATCATCAACC |
5' ---GTTATTTAATG TTTTAGTAGTTGG--- 3' 3' ---CAATAAATTACAAAATCATCA ACC--- 5' | |
| I-SceVII [20] | HI |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | E | mito | 5' TGTCACATTGAGGTGCACTAGTTATTAC 3' ACAGTGTAACTCCACGTGATCAATAATG |
Unknown ** | |
| I-Ssp6803I | 2OST | Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 | B | 5' GTCGGGCTCATAACCCGAA 3' CAGCCCGAGTATTGGGCTT |
5' ---GTCGGGCT CATAACCCGAA--- 3' 3' ---CAGCCCGAGTA TTGGGCTT--- 5' | ||
| I-TevI [33][34][35] | HII |
1I3J | Escherichia coli phage T4 | B | phage | 5' AGTGGTATCAACGCTCAGTAGATG 3' TCACCATAGT TGCGAGTCATCTAC |
5' ---AGTGGTATCAAC GCTCAGTAGATG--- 3' 3' ---TCACCATAGT TGCGAGTCATCTAC--- 5' |
| I-TevII [33][36] | HII |
Escherichia coli phage T4 | B | phage | 5' GCTTATGAGTATGAAGTGAACACGTTATTC 3' CGAATACTCATACTTCACTTGTGCAATAAG |
5' ---GCTTATGAGTATGAAGTGAACACGT TATTC--- 3' 3' ---CGAATACTCATACTTCACTTGTG CAATAAG--- 5' | |
| I-TevIII [37] | HIII |
Escherichia coli phage RB3 | B | phage | 5' TATGTATCTTTTGCGTGTACCTTTAACTTC 3' ATACATAGAAAACGCACATGGAAATTGAAG |
5' ---T ATGTATCTTTTGCGTGTACCTTTAACTTC--- 3' 3' ---AT ACATAGAAAACGCACATGGAAATTGAAG--- 5' | |
| PI-TliI [38][39] | HI |
Thermococcus litoralis | A | chrm | 5' TAYGCNGAYACNGACGGYTTYT 3' ATRCGNCTRTGNCTGCCTAARA |
5' ---TAYGCNGAYACNGACGG YTTYT--- 3' 3' ---ATRCGNCTRTGNC TGCCTAARA--- 5' | |
| PI-TliII [22][39][40] | HI |
Thermococcus litoralis | A | chrm | 5' AAATTGCTTGCAAACAGCTATTACGGCTAT 3' TTTAACGAACGTTTGTCGATAATGCCGATA |
Unknown ** | |
| I-Tsp061I | 2DCH | Thermoproteus sp. IC-061 | A | 5' CTTCAGTATGCCCCGAAAC 3' GAAGTCATACGGGGCTTTG |
5' ---CTTCAGTAT GCCCCGAAAC--- 3' 3' ---GAAGT CATACGGGGCTTTG--- 5' | ||
| I-Vdi141I | 3E54 | Vulcanisaeta distributa IC-141 | A | 5' CCTGACTCTCTTAAGGTAGCCAAA 3' GGACTGAGAGAATTCCATCGGTTT |
5' ---CCTGACTCTCTTAA GGTAGCCAAA--- 3' 3' ---GGACTGAG AGAATTCCATCGGTTT--- 5' |
*: Nicking endonuclease: These enzymes cut only one DNA strand, leaving the other strand untouched.
**: Unknown cutting site: Researchers have not been able to determine the exact cutting site of these enzymes yet.
See also
- List of restriction enzyme cutting sites.
- Homing endonuclease.
- Restriction enzyme.
- Introns and inteins.
- Intragenomic conflict: Homing endonuclease genes.
- I-CreI homing endonuclease.
- Isoschizomer.
- Detailed articles about certain restriction enzymes: EcoRI, HindIII, BglII.
Information sources
Databases and lists of restriction enzymes:
- Very comprehensive database of restriction enzymes supported by New England Biolabs©. It includes all kind of biological, structural, kinetical and commercial information about thousands of enzymes. Also includes related literature for every molecule: Roberts RJ, Vincze T, Posfai, J, Macelis D. "REBASE". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
Restriction Enzyme Database.
- Database of inteins, hosted by New England Biolabs©. Perler FB. "InBase". Retrieved 2010-02-05.
The Intein Database and Registry
.[41] - Detailed information for biochemical experiments: "Enzyme finder". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
New England Biolabs© enzyme finder.
- Alphabetical list of enzymes and their restriction sites: "GenScript© Restriction Enzyme webpage". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- General information about restriction sites and biochemical conditions for restriction reactions: "Restriction Enzymes Resource". Retrieved 2010-01-07.
Promega© restriction enzymes webpage.
Databases of proteins:
- Database of protein structures, solved at atomic resolution: "PDB". Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB). Retrieved 2010-01-25.
RCSB Protein Data Bank.
- Databases of proteins: Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) & European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). "UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot & TrEMBL". Retrieved 2010-01-25.
Swiss-Prot is a curated protein sequence database which strives to provide a high level of annotation (such as the description of the function of a protein, its domains structure, post-translational modifications, variants, etc.), a minimal level of redundancy and high level of integration with other databases. TrEMBL is a computer-annotated supplement of Swiss-Prot that contains all the translations of EMBL nucleotide sequence entries not yet integrated in Swiss-Prot.
Notes and references
- ↑ Lambowitz AM, Belfort M (1993). "Introns as mobile genetic elements". Annu Rev Biochem. 62: 587–622. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.003103. PMID 8352597.
- ↑ Naito T, Kusano K, Kobayashi I (February 1995). "Selfish behavior of restriction-modification systems". Science 267 (5199): 897–99. doi:10.1126/science.7846533. PMID 7846533.
- ↑ Jacquier A, Dujon B (June 1985). "An intron-encoded protein is active in a gene conversion process that spreads an intron into a mitochondrial gene". Cell 42 (2): 383–94. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(85)80011-8. PMID 3886163.
- 1 2 Gauthier A, Turmel M, Lemieux C (January 1991). "A group I intron in the chloroplast large subunit rRNA gene of Chlamydomonas eugametos encodes a double-strand endonuclease that cleaves the homing site of this intron". Curr Genet 19 (1): 43–47. doi:10.1007/BF00362086. PMID 2036685.
- 1 2 Marshall P, Lemieux C (August 1991). "Cleavage pattern of the homing endonuclease encoded by the fifth intron in the chloroplast large subunit rRNA-encoding gene of Chlamydomonas eugametos". Gene 104 (2): 241–5. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90256-B. PMID 1916294.
- ↑ Turmel M, Boulanger J, Schnare MN, Gray MW, Lemieux C (March 1991). "Six group I introns and three internal transcribed spacers in the chloroplast large subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos". J Mol Biol 218 (2): 293–311. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(91)90713-G. PMID 1849178.
- ↑ Côté V, Mercier JP, Lemieux C, Turmel M (July 1993). "The single group-I intron in the chloroplast rrnL gene of Chlamydomonas humicola encodes a site-specific DNA endonuclease (I-ChuI)". Gene 129 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90697-2. PMID 8335261.
- 1 2 Turmel M, Gutell RR, Mercier JP, Otis C, Lemieux C (July 1993). "Analysis of the chloroplast large subunit ribosomal RNA gene from 17 Chlamydomonas taxa. Three internal transcribed spacers and 12 group I intron insertion sites". J Mol Biol 232 (2): 446–67. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1402. PMID 8393936.
- ↑ Turmel M, Côté V, Otis C, Mercier JP, Gray MW, Lonergan KM, Lemieux C (July 1995). "Evolutionary transfer of ORF-containing group I introns between different subcellular compartments (chloroplast and mitochondrion)". Mol Biol Evol 12 (4): 533–45. PMID 7659010.
- ↑ Turmel M, Mercier JP, Côté V, Otis C, Lemieux C (July 1995). "The site-specific DNA endonuclease encoded by a group I intron in the Chlamydomonas pallidostigmatica chloroplast small subunit rRNA gene introduces a single-strand break at low concentrations of Mg2+". Nucleic Acids Res 23 (13): 2519–25. doi:10.1093/nar/23.13.2519. PMC 307060. PMID 7630730.
- ↑ Jurica MS, Monnat RJ, Stoddard BL (October 1998). "DNA recognition and cleavage by the LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease I-CreI". Mol. Cell 2 (4): 469–76. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80146-X. PMID 9809068.
- ↑ Chevalier BS, Kortemme T, Chadsey MS, Baker D, Monnat RJ, Stoddard BL (October 2002). "Design, activity, and structure of a highly specific artificial endonuclease". Mol. Cell 10 (4): 895–905. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00690-1. PMID 12419232.
- ↑ Goodrich-Blair H, Scarlato V, Gott JM, Xu M, Shub DA (October 1990). "A self-splicing group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1". Cell 63 (2): 417–24. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90174-D. PMID 2119891.
- 1 2 Goodrich-Blair H, Shub DA (January 1996). "Beyond homing: competition between intron endonucleases confers a selective advantage on flanking genetic markers". Cell 84 (2): 211–21. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80976-9. PMID 8565067.
- ↑ Goodrich-Blair H, Shub DA (September 1994). "The DNA polymerase genes of several HMU-bacteriophages have similar group I introns with highly divergent open reading frames". Nucleic Acids Res 22 (18): 3715–21. doi:10.1093/nar/22.18.3715. PMC 308352. PMID 7937082.
- ↑ Shearman C, Godon JJ, Gasson M (July 1996). "Splicing of a group II intron in a functional transfer gene of Lactococcus lactis". Mol Microbiol 21 (1): 45–53. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.00610.x. PMID 8843433.
- ↑ Mills DA, McKay LL, Dunny GM (June 1996). "Splicing of a group II intron involved in the conjugative transfer of pRS01 in lactococci". J Bacteriol 178 (12): 3531–8. PMC 178122. PMID 8655550.
- ↑ Lykke-Andersen J, Thi-Ngoc HP, Garrett RA (November 1994). "DNA substrate specificity and cleavage kinetics of an archaeal homing-type endonuclease from Pyrobaculum organotrophum". Nucleic Acids Res 22 (22): 4583–90. doi:10.1093/nar/22.22.4583. PMC 308504. PMID 7984405.
- ↑ Dalgaard JZ, Garrett RA (November 1992). "Protein-coding introns from the 23S rRNA-encoding gene form stable circles in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum organotrophum". Gene 121 (1): 103–10. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90167-N. PMID 1427083.
- 1 2 Szczepanek T, Lazowska J (July 1996). "Replacement of two non-adjacent amino acids in the S.cerevisiae bi2 intron-encoded RNA maturase is sufficient to gain a homing-endonuclease activity". EMBO J 15 (14): 3758–67. PMC 452048. PMID 8670880.
- ↑ Lazowska J, Szczepanek T, Macadre C, Dokova M (1992). "Two homologous mitochondrial introns from closely related Saccharomyces species differ by only a few amino acid replacements in their Open Reading Frames: one is mobile, the other is not". C R Acad Sci Paris 315 (2): 37–41. PMID 1330224.
- 1 2 Kane PM, Yamashiro CT, Wolczyk DF, Neff N, Goebl M, Stevens TH (November 1990). "Protein splicing converts the yeast TFP1 gene product to the 69-kD subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-adenosine triphosphatase". Science 250 (4981): 651–7. doi:10.1126/science.2146742. PMID 2146742.
- ↑ Gimble FS, Thorner J (May 1992). "Homing of a DNA endonuclease gene by meiotic gene conversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Nature 357 (6376): 301–6. doi:10.1038/357301a0. PMID 1534148.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Bonitz SG, Coruzzi G, Thalenfeld BE, Tzagoloff A, Macino G (December 1980). "Assembly of the mitochondrial membrane system. Structure and nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for subunit 1 of yeast cytochrme oxidase". J Biol Chem 255 (24): 11927–41. PMID 6254986.
- ↑ Hanson DK, Lamb MR, Mahler HR, Perlman PS (March 1982). "Evidence for translated intervening sequences in the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J Biol Chem 257 (6): 3218–24. PMID 6277926.
- ↑ Delahodde A, Goguel V, Becam AM, Creusot F, Perea J, Banroques J, Jacq C (February 1989). "Site-specific DNA endonuclease and RNA maturase activities of two homologous intron-encoded proteins from yeast mitochondria". Cell 56 (3): 431–41. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90246-8. PMID 2536593.
- ↑ Sargueil B, Delahodde A, Hatat D, Tian GL, Lazowska J, Jacq C (February 1991). "A new specific DNA endonuclease activity in yeast mitochondria". Mol Gen Genet 225 (2): 340–1. doi:10.1007/BF00269867. PMID 1848651.
- ↑ Perea J, Desdouets C, Schapria M, Jacq C (January 1993). "I-Sce III: a novel group I intron-encoded endonuclease from the yeast mitochondria". Nucleic Acids Res 21 (2): 358. doi:10.1093/nar/21.2.358. PMC 309119. PMID 8441645.
- ↑ Moran JV, Wernette CM, Mecklenburg KL, Butow RA, Perlman PS (August 1992). "Intron 5 alpha of the COXI gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA is a mobile group I intron". Nucleic Acids Res 20 (15): 4069–76. doi:10.1093/nar/20.15.4069. PMC 334089. PMID 1324475.
- ↑ Seraphin B, Faye G, Hatat D, Jacq C (April 1992). "The yeast mitochondrial intron aI5 alpha: associated endonuclease activity and in vivo mobility". Gene 113 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90663-A. PMID 1314207.
- ↑ Liang F, Romanienko PJ, Weaver DT, Jeggo PA, Jasin M (August 1996). "Chromosomal double-strand break repair in Ku80-deficient cells". PNAS 93 (17): 8929–33. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.17.8929. PMC 38571. PMID 8799130.
- ↑ Yang J, Zimmerly S, Perlman PS, Lambowitz AM (May 1996). "Efficient integration of an intron RNA into double-stranded DNA by reverse splicing". Nature 381 (6580): 332–5. doi:10.1038/381332a0. PMID 8692273.
- 1 2 Bell-Pedersen D, Quirk S, Clyman J, Belfort M (July 1990). "Intron mobility in phage T4 is dependent upon a distinctive class of endonucleases and independent of DNA sequences encoding the intron core: mechanistic and evolutionary implications". Nucleic Acids Res 18 (13): 3763–70. doi:10.1093/nar/18.13.3763. PMC 331075. PMID 2165250.
- ↑ Chu FK, Maley G, Pedersen-Lane J, Wang AM, Maley F (May 1990). "Characterization of the restriction site of a prokaryotic intron-encoded endonuclease". PNAS 87 (9): 3574–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.9.3574. PMC 53944. PMID 2159153.
- ↑ Bell-Pedersen D, Quirk SM, Aubrey M, Belfort M (October 1989). "A site-specific endonuclease and co-conversion of flanking exons associated with the mobile td intron of phage T4". Gene 82 (1): 119–26. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90036-X. PMID 2555262.
- ↑ Shub DA, Gott JM, Xu MQ, Lang BF, Michel F, Tomaschewski J, Pedersen-Lane J, Belfort M (February 1988). "Structural conservation among three homologous introns of bacteriophage T4 and the group I introns of eukaryotes". PNAS 85 (4): 1151–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.4.1151. PMC 279724. PMID 3422485.
- ↑ Eddy SR, Gold L (June 1991). "The phage T4 nrdB intron: a deletion mutant of a version found in the wild". Genes Dev 5 (6): 1032–41. doi:10.1101/gad.5.6.1032. PMID 2044951.
- ↑ Xu M, Southworth MW, Mersha FB, Hornstra LJ, Perler FB (December 1993). "In vitro protein splicing of purified precursor and the identification of a branched intermediate". Cell 75 (7): 1371–7. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90623-X. PMID 8269515.
- 1 2 Perler FB, Comb DG, Jack WE, Moran LS, Qiang B, Kucera RB, Benner J, Slatko BE, Nwankwo DO, Hempstead SK, Carlow CKS, Jannasch H (June 1992). "Intervening sequences in an Archaea DNA polymerase gene". PNAS 89 (12): 5577–81. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5577. PMC 49335. PMID 1608969.
- ↑ Hirata R, Ohsumk Y, Nakano A, Kawasaki H, Suzuki K, Anraku Y (April 1990). "Molecular structure of a gene, VMA1, encoding the catalytic subunit of H(+)-translocating adenosine triphosphatase from vacuolar membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae". J Biol Chem 265 (12): 6726–33. PMID 2139027.
- ↑ Perler FB (January 2002). "InBase: the Intein Database". Nucleic Acids Res 30 (1): 383–4. doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.383. PMC 99080. PMID 11752343.
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