A
- Roman Abraham, general of the Polish army
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, logician and philosopher
- Spirydion Albanski, soccer goalkeeper of Polish National Team
- Zofia Albinowska-Minkiewiczowa, painter
- Stanislaw Albinowski, economist, columnist and journalist
- Bohdan Ihor Antonych, poet
- Stefan Askenase (1896–1985), pianist
- Szymon Askenazy, historian and politician, founder of the Lwów-Warsaw historical school
- Muhammad Asad, translator of Quran into English (born in Lemberg as Leopold Weiss)
- Herman Auerbach, mathematician
- Emanuel Ax, American pianist
- Teodor Axentowicz, painter
- Erwin Axer, actor and theatre professor
B
- Oswald Balzer, law historian, rector of the Lwów University (1895–1896), founder of the Society for Support of Polish Science in Lwów (Tow. dla Popierania Nauki Pol. we Lwowie), the first scientific organisation in the city
- Stefan Banach, mathematician
- Yuri Bashmet, viola soloist
- Kazimierz Bartel, mathematician and politician, prime minister of Poland (1926–1930)
- Adam Baron, doctor, hero of the Armia Krajowa
- Adolf Beck (1863–1942), physiologist
- Joseph Beer (1908–1987), composer
- Alexander Beliavsky, chess grandmaster
- Józef Bem, Polish and Hungarian national hero
- Saint Józef Bilczewski, archbishop of Lwów and a Catholic saint
- Szymon Okolski (1580–1653), a historian, specialist in heraldry, provincial of the Dominican Order
- Fabian Birkowski, writer, preacher
- Wojciech Bobowski (1610–1675), dragoman and musician in the Ottoman Empire, translated the Bible into Ottoman Turkish
- Wojciech Bogusławski, composer
- Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski, general of the Polish army, commander-in-chief of the Home Army
- Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz, general of the Polish army
- Michał Boym (ca. 1612–1659), Jesuit missionary in China, known for his travels and writings
- Heinrich Gottfried von Bretschneider, German satirical writer
- Martin Buber, philosopher
- Solomon Buber, banker and philosopher
C
D
F
G
- Mieczysław Gębarowicz, scientist and art historian, director of the Ossolineum Institute during the World War II
- Eugeniusz Geppert, painter
- Jacob Ber Gimpel, founder of the Lemberg Yiddish theater
- Franciszek Ksawery Godebski, director of the Ossolineum and father to Cyprian Godebski, renowned sculptor
- Georgiy R. Gongadze, journalist kidnapped and murdered in 2000
- Andrei Lahush, writer
- Zygmunt Gorgolewski, architect, constructor of the Grand Theatre in Lwów (currently Opera Theatre in Lviv)
- Kazimierz Górski, football coach
- Uri Zvi Greenberg, poet
- Artur Grottger, late romanticist painter
H
I
K
- Stanisław Kaczor-Batowski, painter
- Bertha Kalich, actress
- Vera Kamsha, fantasy writer
- Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, general
- Stanisław Kasznica, resistance soldier
- Wojciech Kilar, composer
- Lubka Kolessa, pianist
- Yevhen Konovalets, Ukrainian nationalist leader
- Maria Konopnicka, writer
- Juliusz Kossak, painter
- Jan Krukowiecki, general
- Solomiya Krushelnytska, opera singer
- Tadeusz Krwawicz, ophthalmologist
- Jacek Kuroń, freedom fighter and politician (Solidarity, KOR)
- Vilém Kurz, pianist, professor at the Lwów State Conservatory
- Ilona Kurzowa, pianist
- Wacław Kuchar, talented athlete, multiple champion of Poland in various sports
L
- Stanisław Jerzy Lec, poet and aphorist.
- Stanisław Lem, science fiction writer and futurist
- Stanisław Leśniewski, philosopher and logician
- Antoni Łomnicki, mathematician
- Alfred J. Lotka, mathematician, physical chemist, statistician, biophysicist, author of predator-prey model
- Stanisław I Leszczyński, King of Poland
- Roman Longschamps de Berier, lawyer, last rector of the Jan Kazimierz University
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz, engineer, pioneer of oil industry
- Jan Łukasiewicz, philosopher and logician
M
- Stanisław Maczek, Polish WW2 general, Commander Allied (Polish) 1st Armoured Division in Western Europe
- Kornel Makuszyński, writer of books for children
- Alexandra Marinina, Russian writer of detective stories
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, writer, author of Venus in Furs
- Kazimierz Michałowski, Egyptologist, founder of Nubiology
- Ludwig von Mises, free-market economist (born in Lemberg)
- Richard von Mises, mathematician (younger brother of Ludwig, also born in Lemberg)
- Sigmund Mogulesko, Yiddish singer and actor
- Ignacy Mościcki, chemist and President of Poland (1926–1939)
- Andrzej Mostowski, mathematician
- Paul Muni, actor
- Ana Muzičuk, chess grandmaster
N
O
P
R
S
- Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, journalist and BDSM writer whose surname originated the term “masochism”
- Henryk Samsonowicz, historian
- Andrey Sheptytsky, head of the Ukrainian Church through both the world wars
- Roman Shukhevych, general of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
- Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski, hetman
- Wacław Sobieski, historian
- Leopold Staff, poet
- Hugo Steinhaus, mathematician
- Stanisław Skrowaczewski, composer
- Julian Stryjkowski, writer
- Moritz Szeps, journalist
- Wacław Szybalski, medical researcher
- Larisa Shepitko, Soviet film director.
T
U
W
Y
Z
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