List of chemistry mnemonics

A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.

Orbitals

Sequence of orbitals

Further information: Spectroscopic notation
s p d f g h i k

Note: After the k shell, they follow alphabetical order (skipping s and p as they came earlier).[1]

Aufbau principle

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 ...

The order of sequence of atomic orbitals (according to Madelung rule or Klechkowski rule) can be remembered by the following.

Order in which orbitals are arranged by increasing energy according to the Madelung rule. Each diagonal red arrow corresponds to a different value of n + l.

Periodic table

Main article: Periodic table

Periods

Periods 1, 2 and 3

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

EASIEST AND POPULAR : *Hi He Lied Because Boron Could Not Oxidize Fluorine. New Nations Might Also Sign Peace Security Clause. Arthur King Can. (till Ca)

Native Magpies Always Sit Peacefully Searching Clear Areas.[2]
Naughty Magpies Always Sing Perfect Songs Clawing Ants.[3]
Naughty Margaret Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around."[4]
Nellie's Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs Clearly
After Killing Cathy.[4]
All Silicon Ports. Superman Clean Argon's K-Capture.[5]

Period 4

K (Potassium) Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

Transition metals

Main article: Transition metals

First

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Second

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

Third

La ... Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

Lanthanides and actinides

Main articles: Lanthanides and actinides

Lanthanides

(La) Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Actinides

(Ac) Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

56 elements in sequence

He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba
Nature Magnifies All Simple People Sometimes Clowns And
Kings Can Scream Till Vast Crowds Moan. Fear Conquers Neither Courageous Zealous
Gallant Gents. As Seen Brown Karate Robes Strip Yobs. Zurich Noble Mortals Track Ruddy Rhubarb. Paid Silver Candid
Indian Sons Sobbing Tears In Xcess Cease Bawling.[5]


Groups

Group 1 (alkali metals)

H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)

Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra

Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium

Group 13

B Al Ga In Tl

Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium

Group 14

C Si Ge Sn Pb

Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead

Group 15 (pnictogens)

N P As Sb Bi

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth

Group 16 (chalcogens)

O S Se Te Po

Oxygen, Sulphur (or Sulfur), Selenium, Tellurium, Polonium

Group 17 (halogens)

F Cl Br I At

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

Group 18 (noble gases)

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

Properties of elements

Abundance of elements on earth's crust

Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminum > Iron (Fe) > Calcium > Magnesium (Mg) > Sodium (Na) > Potassium (K)
(The rest makes only 1%)

Activity series of metals

Main article: Reactivity series
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminium>(Carbon)*>Zinc>Iron>Lead>Hydrogen>Copper>Silver>Gold

Note that Carbon is a non-metal, used as a baseline.

K > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pd > H > Cu > Au
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron > Lead > Copper > Silver > Gold.

Peter Sells Careless Monkeys And Zebras In Large Cages Securely Guarded

Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Mercury > Silver > Gold > Platinum
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Carbon > Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Mercury > Silver
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > C > Zn > Fe > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au >Pt

Electronegativity

Main article: Electronegativity
Fluorine > Oxygen > Nitrogen >Clorine > Bromine > Iodine > Sulphur > Carbon > Hydrogen ≥ Phosphorus

FONe CalL Brought to India,Sonias Congress Happy Position

(F)irst (O)ff, (Cl)ean (N)ow; (Br)ing (I)n (S)ome (C)aps, (H)alters, and (P)ants.

Flaming Oxygen Nice Clear Bright I Suspect Canned Hydrogen

Electrochemical series

Potassium > Calcium > Sodium > Magnesium > Aluminium > Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Silver > Gold

Please Stop Calling Me A Crazy Zombie If That Large Hippo Can’t Swim, Glug, glug.

Reactions and ions

Redox reactions

A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in oxidation state of atoms participating in the reaction.

Ions

An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.

Cations and anions

Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (−) charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics.

Cation vs. anion: positive vs. negative

The t in cation looks like a plus sign: "ca+ion".

Cation is positive, anion is negative.[27]

Oxidation vs. reduction:electrochemical cell and electron gain/loss

AN OIL RIG CAT:

At the ANode, Oxidation Involves Loss of electrons.

Reduction Involves Gaining electrons at the CAThode.[28]

Electrodes

An electrode in which oxidation takes place is called an anode while in that which reduction takes place is called cathode. This applies for both electrolytic and electrochemical cells, though the charge on them reverses. The red cat and an ox mnemonics are useful to remember the same.

An ox: Anode for oxidation.[29]
Also, both reduction and cathode begin with consonants.[26]

Compounds

Diatomic molecules

Molecules exhibiting diatomic structures can be remembered through the following mnemonics.

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen forms hydrogen bonds with three elements which are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and fluorine (F). The names of these elements can be remembered by the following mnemonic.

−ate ions

Sulfate, Phosphate, Carbonate, Chlorate, Bromate, Iodate, Nitrate
Nitrate, Bromate, Carbonate, Iodate, Chlorate, Chromate, Sulfate, Phosphate

Number of consonants denotes number of oxygen atoms. Number of vowels denotes negative charge quantity. Inclusion of the word "ate" signifies that each ends with the letters a-t-e

Organic chemistry

Carboxylic acids

Common names of homogeneous aliphatic carboxylic acids,

Formic, Acetic, Propionic, Butyric, Valeric, Caproic

Dicarboxylic acids

The sequence of dicarboxylic acids can be remembered with following mnemonics.

Oxalic, Malonic, Succinic, Glutaric, Adipic, Pimelic, Suberic, Azelaic, Sebacic

Aromatic compounds

m-directing groups

Quaternary amino Ester Sulfonic acid Nitro Carbonyl Carboxyl Cyano
(-NR3+) (-COOR) (-SO3H) (-NO2) (-CHO)(-COOH) (-CN)

o,p-directing groups

Alkyl Halogen Alkoxyl Amino Hydroxyl Amide Phenyl
(R)(X)(OR)(-NH2-NHR-NR2)(OH)(NHCOR(C6H5)

Note: -NH2,-NHR and NR2 are para directing groups but not -NR3+

E-Z notation for isomers

Main article: E-Z notation

"Zame Zide. Epposite.":

Z is the 2 functional groups on the same side of double bond.

E is for opposite sides.[39]

Cis–trans isomerism

Main article: Cis–trans isomerism

Cis starts with a C and the functional groups form a C.

Trans, therefore is the other one by default.[40]

Benzene ring: order of substitutes

"Benzene likes to ROMP":

R group

Ortho

Meta

Para.[41]

Biochemistry

Essential amino acids

Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Serine, Tyrosine, Glycine, Alanine, Cysteine, Glutamate, Asparate, Arginine, Glutamine, Histadine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Histidine, Asparagine, (Selenocysteine - usually omitted)

Krebs cycle

To remember Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle);

Citrate → Aconitate → Isocitrate → Oxalosuccinate → α-Ketoglutarate → Succinate → Fumarate → Malate → Oxaloacetate

Citric Acid Is One Key Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation

Plant nutrients

To remember the elements necessary for agriculture;

Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum, Chlorine (Cl), Boron

For remembering macronutrients;

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron (Fe), and Magnesium

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mnemonic devices for: Chemistry". Mnemonic-device.eu. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
  2. ↑ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed084p1918
  3. ↑ Table.pdf
  4. 1 2 3 "Mnemonic: Sentences to remember the elements". Ict4us.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  5. 1 2 "Science Jokes:11. MNEMONICS : 11.5 CHEMISTRY". Jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  6. ↑ Chemical formula. "Periodic table mnemonic (memory device)". Chemicalformula.org. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  7. ↑ "Kids Tips for Easy Learning - Mnumonics". Betterendings.org. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  8. ↑ Martin Berry (30 Nov 1972). table mnemonic&f=false A dictionary of mnemonics Check |url= value (help). New Scientist (Reed Business Information. (Eyre Mithuen)). p. 535.
  9. ↑ "CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY A very nice site of Anatomy Mnemonics by John Berger". Img.com.tripod.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 http://bradley.bradley.edu/~campbell/mnemonic.html
  11. ↑ "Amazing Science Experiments". The Science Cupboard. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
  12. ↑ Carl C. Gaither; Alma E. Cavazos-Gaither (2002). Chemically Speaking: A Dictionary of Quotations/selected and Arranged by Carl C. Gaither and Alma E. Cavazos-Gaither. CRC Press. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0-7503-0682-9. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  13. ↑ ["https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQahtzCU0BU" "Holmium (new)"] Check |url= value (help). Periodic Videos.
  14. 1 2 3 "Mnemonics for chem 3 2010.ppt" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-15. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  15. ↑ Mnemonicate https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWjQUgq2u9E
  16. ↑ 15th page
  17. ↑ Oon Hock Leong/ Edmund Ang Joon Aik (2007). for remember alkali metals&f=false Chemistry expression: an inquiry approach. 'O' level science (chemistry) [textbook] Check |url= value (help). Panpac Education Pte Ltd. p. 243. ISBN 9789812711656. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  18. ↑ Syamal, Arun. "Metals, Non-metals and Metallurgy". for remember alkali metals&f=false Living Science Chemistry 10 Check |url= value (help). Ratna Sagar. p. 97. ISBN 9788183322898. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  19. ↑ http://resources.teachnet.ie/pkavanagh/2005/electrochemicalSeries.pdf
  20. ↑ Nick Lane (26 March 2004). Oxygen: The Molecule that Made the World. Oxford University Press. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-0-19-860783-0. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  21. ↑ Rene Fester Kratz, PhD (2 June 2009). Molecular and Cell Biology For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-470-43066-8. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  22. ↑ "Chemistry - Mnemonic". Chemistrydaily.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  23. ↑ Peter J. Mikulecky, Michelle Rose Gilman, Kate Brutlag (2008). "Cats+have+paws"+chem&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cats have paws&f=false AP Chemistry For Dummies Check |url= value (help) (Illustrated ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 2008. p. 30. ISBN 9780470389768.
  24. ↑ Kevin M. Dunn (16 March 2010). Scientific Soapmaking: The Chemistry of the Cold Process. Clavicula Press. pp. 386–. ISBN 978-1-935652-09-0. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Subhash Jain (1 January 2009). Improve Your Memory. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 117. ISBN 978-81-8430-035-2. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  26. ↑ "MedicalMnemonics Full Abridged" (PDF). Medicalmnemonics.com. p. 36. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  27. ↑ "MedicalMnemonics Full Abridged" (PDF). Medicalmnemonics.com. p. 36. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  28. ↑ Mrs Jacqueline Hilary Briggs, Rex M Heyworth. Lcg Ol Chemistry. Pearson Education South Asia. pp. 142–. ISBN 978-981-06-0008-2. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  29. ↑ "Chemistry Mnemonics". Bookbuilder.cast.org. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  30. ↑ Zack Ouellette
  31. ↑ http://www.freechemteacher.org/Recommended_Resources_files/Mnemonics for Chemistry.pdf
  32. ↑ http://lsc.ucdavis.edu/~holliste/Jim2A/nomenclature_Jim.pdf
  33. ↑ Jonathan Dee, H. Stephen Stoker (2009). Remember diCarboxylic acids&f=false Organic and Biological Chemistry Check |url= value (help) (5 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 157. ISBN 9780547168043.
  34. ↑ William Henry Brown, Brent L. Iverson (2009). Remember Carboxylic acids&f=false Organic chemistry Check |url= value (help) (5, illustrated ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 621. ISBN 9780495388579. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  35. ↑ "Mnemonic: Dicarboxilic Acids". Ict4us.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  36. ↑ "Organic Chemistry Nomenclature". Translationjournal.net. 1997-11-24. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  37. 1 2 "MCAT Mnemonics Organic Chemistry Flash Cards". Cram.com. 2008-08-16. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  38. ↑ "MedicalMnemonics Full Abridged" (PDF). Medicalmnemonics.com. p. 36. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  39. ↑ "MedicalMnemonics Full Abridged" (PDF). Medicalmnemonics.com. p. 36. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  40. ↑ "MedicalMnemonics Full Abridged" (PDF). Medicalmnemonics.com. p. 36. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  41. ↑ MedicalMnemonics.com: 442 128
  42. ↑
    MATT VIL PLy Essential amino acids Essential amino acids, Mnemonic.
  43. ↑ Williams, R.A.D.; Eliot, J.C. (1989). Basic and Applied Dental Biochemistry. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 149. ISBN 0-443-03144-4.
  44. ↑ "Mnemonic: Elements necessary for agriculture". Ict4us.com. Retrieved 2012-08-09.

Further reading

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External links

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