List of birds of Russia
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Russia. The avifauna of Russia include a total of 780 species, of which one is endemic and twelve are rare or accidental in Russia and are not included in the species count.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 5th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Accidental species are included in the total species count for Russia.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
- (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Russia
- (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Russia
Loons
Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. There are 5 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Russia.
- Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
- Arctic loon, Gavia arctica
- Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica
- Common loon, Gavia immer
- Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii
Grebes
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. There are 20 species worldwide, of which 5 occur in Russia.
- Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
- Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
- Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
- Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
- Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
Albatrosses
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. There are 21 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus
- Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis
- Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. There are 75 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Russia.
- Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
- Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata (A)
- Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri
- Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca
- Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas
- Flesh-footed shearwater, Puffinus carneipes
- Greater shearwater, Puffinus gravis
- Buller's shearwater, Puffinus bulleri
- Sooty shearwater, Puffinus griseus
- Short-tailed shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris
- Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus
- Levantine shearwater, Puffinus yelkouan
Storm petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. There are 21 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Russia.
- European storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
- Band-rumped storm petrel, Oceanodroma castro
- Leach's storm petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa
- Swinhoe's storm petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis
- Fork-tailed storm petrel, Oceanodroma furcata
Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. There are 8 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
- Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus
Boobies and gannets
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. There are 9 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Northern gannet, Morus bassanus
- Red-footed booby, Sula sula (A)
- Brown booby, Sula leucogaster (A)
Cormorants
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. There are 38 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Russia.
- Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus
- Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
- Japanese cormorant, Phalacrocorax capillatus
- European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis
- Pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus
- Red-faced cormorant, Phalacrocorax urile
- Pygmy cormorant, Phalacrocorax pygmaeus
Frigatebirds
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. There are 5 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)
- Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel
Bitterns, herons and egrets
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. There are 61 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Russia.
- Grey heron, Ardea cinerea
- Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
- Great egret, Ardea alba
- Intermediate egret, Egretta intermedia
- Little egret, Egretta garzetta
- Chinese egret, Egretta eulophotes
- Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
- Chinese pond heron, Ardeola bacchus
- Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
- Striated heron, Butorides striata
- Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
- Japanese night heron, Gorsachius goisagi
- Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis
- Schrenck's bittern, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
- Cinnamon bittern, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
- Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
Storks
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. There are 19 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Black stork, Ciconia nigra
- White stork, Ciconia ciconia
- Oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. There are 36 species worldwide and 6 species which occur in Russia.
- Sacred ibis, Threskiornis aethiopicus
- Black-headed ibis, Threskiornis melanocephalus
- Crested ibis, Nipponia nippon (A)
- Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
- Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
- Black-faced spoonbill, Platalea minor
Flamingos
Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. There are 6 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
Ducks, geese and swans
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. There are 131 species worldwide and 61 species which occur in Russia.
- Mute swan, Cygnus olor
- Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator
- Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
- Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
- Swan goose, Anser cygnoides
- Bean goose, Anser fabalis
- Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus
- Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
- Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus
- Greylag goose, Anser anser
- Bar-headed goose, Anser indicus
- Snow goose, Chen caerulescens
- Ross's goose, Chen rossii (A)
- Emperor goose, Chen canagica
- Brant, Branta bernicla
- Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis
- Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii
- Canada goose, Branta canadensis
- Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis
- Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
- Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
- Mandarin duck, Aix galericulata
- Eurasian wigeon, Anas penelope
- American wigeon, Anas americana
- Falcated duck, Anas falcata
- Gadwall, Anas strepera
- Baikal teal, Anas formosa
- Green-winged teal, Anas carolinensis
- Eurasian teal, Anas crecca
- Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
- Spot-billed duck, Anas poecilorhyncha
- Northern pintail, Anas acuta
- Garganey, Anas querquedula
- Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata
- Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris
- Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina
- Common pochard, Aythya ferina
- Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
- Redhead, Aythya americana
- Ferruginous pochard, Aythya nyroca
- Baer's pochard, Aythya baeri
- Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
- Greater scaup, Aythya marila
- Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis
- Common eider, Somateria mollissima
- King eider, Somateria spectabilis
- Spectacled eider, Somateria fischeri
- Steller's eider, Polysticta stelleri
- Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
- Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
- Black scoter, Melanitta nigra
- Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata (A)
- White-winged scoter, Melanitta fusca
- Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
- Barrow's goldeneye, Bucephala islandica
- Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
- Smew, Mergellus albellus
- Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
- Common merganser, Mergus merganser
- Scaly-sided merganser, Mergus squamatus
- White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala
Osprey
Order: Falconiformes Family: Pandionidae
The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
- Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, kites and eagles
Order: Falconiformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. There are 233 species worldwide and 41 species which occur in Russia.
- European honey buzzard, Pernis apivorus
- Crested honey buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus
- Red kite, Milvus milvus
- Black kite, Milvus migrans
- Pallas's fish eagle, Haliaeetus leucoryphus
- White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
- Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (A)
- Steller's sea eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus
- Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus
- Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
- White-rumped vulture, Gyps bengalensis
- Himalayan griffon, Gyps himalayensis
- Eurasian griffon, Gyps fulvus
- Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus
- Short-toed snake eagle, Circaetus gallicus
- Western marsh harrier, Circus aeruginosus
- Eastern marsh harrier, Circus spilonotus
- Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus
- Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
- Pied harrier, Circus melanoleucos
- Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
- Shikra, Accipiter badius
- Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes
- Chinese goshawk, Accipiter soloensis
- Japanese sparrowhawk, Accipiter gularis
- Besra, Accipiter virgatus
- Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
- Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
- Grey-faced buzzard, Butastur indicus
- Eurasian buzzard, Buteo buteo
- Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus
- Upland buzzard, Buteo hemilasius
- Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus
- Lesser spotted eagle, Aquila pomarina
- Greater spotted eagle, Aquila clanga
- Tawny eagle, Aquila rapax
- Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
- Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca
- Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
- Booted eagle, Aquila pennatus
- Mountain hawk-eagle, Spizaetus nipalensis
Caracaras and falcons
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. There are 62 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Russia.
- Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
- Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
- Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus
- Amur falcon, Falco amurensis
- Merlin, Falco columbarius
- Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
- Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
- Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
- Barbary falcon, Falco pelegrinoides
- Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Grouse
Order: Galliformes Family: Tetraonidae
Grouse are game birds, similar to quails and partridges. There are 18 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Russia.
- Siberian grouse, Dendragapus falcipennis (E)
- Willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus
- Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta
- Black-billed capercaillie, Tetrao parvirostris
- Eurasian capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus
- Black grouse, Tetrao tetrix
- Caucasian grouse, Tetrao mlokosiewiczi
- Hazel grouse, Bonasa bonasia
Pheasants and partridges
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. There are 156 species worldwide and 8 species which occur in Russia.
- Caucasian snowcock, Tetraogallus caucasicus
- Altai snowcock, Tetraogallus altaicus
- Chukar, Alectoris chukar
- Grey partridge, Perdix perdix
- Daurian partridge, Perdix dauurica
- Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
- Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
- Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
Buttonquails
Order: Gruiformes Family: Turnicidae
The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Yellow-legged buttonquail, Turnix tanki
Cranes
Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". There are 15 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Russia.
- Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo
- Siberian crane, Grus leucogeranus
- Sandhill crane, Grus canadensis
- White-naped crane, Grus vipio
- Common crane, Grus grus
- Hooded crane, Grus monacha
- Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis
Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. There are 143 species worldwide and 14 species which occur in Russia.
- Swinhoe's rail, Coturnicops exquisitus
- Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
- Corn crake, Crex crex
- White-breasted waterhen, Amaurornis phoenicurus
- Little crake, Porzana parva
- Baillon's crake, Porzana pusilla
- Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
- Sora, Porzana carolina
- Ruddy-breasted crake, Porzana fusca
- Band-bellied crake, Porzana paykullii
- Watercock, Gallicrex cinerea
- Grey-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus
- Common moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
- Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
Bustards
Order: Gruiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. There are 26 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Russia.
- Great bustard, Otis tarda
- Houbara bustard, Chlamydotis undulata
- Macqueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii
- Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax
Jacanas
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. There 8 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Pheasant-tailed jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus
Painted snipe
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Rostratulidae
Painted snipe are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Greater painted-snipe, Rostratula benghalensis
Oystercatchers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs. There are 11 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Black oystercatcher, Haematopus bachmani
- Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus
Avocets and stilts
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. There are 9 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
- Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta
Thick-knees
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. There are 9 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Eurasian thick-knee, Burhinus oedicnemus
Pratincoles and coursers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 17 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Russia.
- Cream-coloured courser, Cursorius cursor
- Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
- Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum
- Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
Plovers and lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. There are 66 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in Russia.
- Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
- Grey-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
- Red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus (A)
- Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius
- White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus
- Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva
- American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica
- European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria
- Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
- Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
- Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
- Long-billed plover, Charadrius placidus
- Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
- Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
- Snowy plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
- Lesser sandplover, Charadrius mongolus
- Greater sandplover, Charadrius leschenaultii
- Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
- Oriental plover, Charadrius veredus
- Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. There are 89 species worldwide and 59 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
- Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus
- Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria
- Latham's snipe, Gallinago hardwickii
- Pintail snipe, Gallinago stenura
- Swinhoe's snipe, Gallinago megala
- Great snipe, Gallinago media
- Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
- Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus
- Asian dowitcher, Limnodromus semipalmatus
- Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
- Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
- Eskimo curlew, Numenius borealis
- Little curlew, Numenius minutus
- Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
- Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris
- Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
- Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis
- Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
- Common redshank, Tringa totanus
- Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
- Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
- Nordmann's greenshank, Tringa guttifer
- Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca
- Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes
- Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
- Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
- Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
- Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
- Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia (A)
- Grey-tailed tattler, Heterosceles brevipes
- Wandering tattler, Heterosceles incanus
- Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
- Black turnstone, Arenaria melanocephala
- Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris
- Red knot, Calidris canutus
- Sanderling, Calidris alba
- Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla (A)
- Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri
- Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis
- Little stint, Calidris minuta
- Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
- Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta
- Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla
- White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis (A)
- Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii
- Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos
- Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata
- Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
- Dunlin, Calidris alpina
- Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima
- Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis
- Spoon-billed sandpiper, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
- Broad-billed sandpiper, Limicola falcinellus
- Buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis
- Ruff, Philomachus pugnax
- Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor
- Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
- Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius
Skuas and jaegers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 7 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Russia.
- South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki
- Great skua, Stercorarius skua
- Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
- Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
- Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus
Gulls
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls and kittiwakes. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. There are 55 species worldwide and 27 species which occur in Russia.
- Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris
- Mew gull, Larus canus
- Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus
- Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens
- Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus
- Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides
- Herring gull, Larus argentatus
- Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus
- Heuglin's gull, Larus heuglini
- East Siberian gull, Larus vegae
- Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
- Armenian gull, Larus armenicus
- Steppe gull, Larus barabensis
- Great black-headed gull, Larus ichthyaetus
- Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus
- Black-headed gull, Larus ridibundus
- Slender-billed gull, Larus genei
- Bonaparte's gull, Larus philadelphia
- Saunders's gull, Larus saundersi
- Mediterranean gull, Larus melanocephalus
- Relict gull, Larus relictus
- Little gull, Larus minutus
- Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea
- Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea
- Sabine's gull, Xema sabini
- Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris
- Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla
Terns
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Sternidae
Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. There are 44 species worldwide and 10 species which occur in Russia.
- Gull-billed tern, Sterna nilotica
- Caspian tern, Sterna caspia
- Sandwich tern, Sterna sandvicensis
- Common tern, Sterna hirundo
- Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea
- Little tern, Sterna albifrons
- Aleutian tern, Sterna aleutica
- Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybridus
- White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
- Black tern, Chlidonias niger
Auks, murres and puffins
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. There are 24 species worldwide and 22 species which occur in Russia.
- Dovekie, Alle alle
- Common murre, Uria aalge
- Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia
- Razorbill, Alca torda
- Great auk, Pinguinus impennis
- Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle
- Pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba
- Spectacled guillemot, Cepphus carbo
- Marbled murrelet, Brachyramphus marmoratus
- Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix
- Kittlitz's murrelet, Brachyramphus brevirostris
- Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus
- Japanese murrelet, Synthliboramphus wumizusume
- Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
- Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula
- Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella
- Whiskered auklet, Aethia pygmaea
- Least auklet, Aethia pusilla
- Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata
- Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica
- Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata
- Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata
Sandgrouse
Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. There are 16 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus
- Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata
- Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Russia.
- Rock pigeon, Columba livia
- Hill pigeon, Columba rupestris
- Stock dove, Columba oenas
- Yellow-eyed pigeon, Columba eversmanni
- Common wood pigeon, Columba palumbus
- European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur
- Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis
- Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto
- Red collared dove, Streptopelia tranquebarica
- Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
- White-bellied green pigeon, Treron sieboldii
Cuckoos and anis
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites. There are 138 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Russia.
- Northern hawk-cuckoo, Cuculus hyperythrus
- Indian cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus
- Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
- Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus saturatus
- Sunda cuckoo, Cuculus lepidus
- Horsfield's cuckoo, Cuculus horsfieldi
- Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus
Barn owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. There are 16 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Barn owl, Tyto alba
Typical owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. There are 195 species worldwide and 18 species which occur in Russia.
- Collared scops owl, Otus bakkamoena
- Indian scops owl, Otus lettia
- Japanese scops owl, Otus semitorques
- European scops owl, Otus scops
- Oriental scops owl, Otus sunia
- Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo
- Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus
- Blakiston's fish owl, Ketupa blakistoni
- Tawny owl, Strix aluco
- Ural owl, Strix uralensis
- Great grey owl, Strix nebulosa
- Northern hawk-owl, Surnia ulula
- Eurasian pygmy owl, Glaucidium passerinum
- Little owl, Athene noctua
- Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus
- Brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutulata
- Long-eared owl, Asio otus
- Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Nightjars
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. There are 86 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Grey nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus
- Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
Swifts
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. There are 98 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Russia.
- White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus
- Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba
- Common swift, Apus apus
- Fork-tailed swift, Apus pacificus
- Little swift, Apus affinis
Hummingbirds
Order: Trochiliformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. There are 337 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus (A)
Trogons and quetzals
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colourful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. There are 33 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Ward's trogon, Harpactes wardi
Kingfishers
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 93 species worldwide and 5 species which occur in Russia.
- Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
- Ruddy kingfisher, Halcyon coromanda
- Black-capped kingfisher, Halcyon pileata
- Crested kingfisher, Megaceryle lugubris
- Pied kingfisher, Ceryle rudis
Bee-eaters
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. There are 26 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
- European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
Typical rollers
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. There are 12 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- European roller, Coracias garrulus
- Dollarbird, Eurystomus orientalis
Hoopoes
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Hoopoe, Upupa epops
Woodpeckers and allies
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. There are 218 species worldwide and 14 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
- Grey-capped woodpecker, Dendrocopos canicapillus
- Japanese pygmy woodpecker, Dendrocopos kizuki
- Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos minor
- Rufous-bellied woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus
- Middle spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos medius
- White-backed woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
- Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
- Syrian woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus
- White-winged woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucopterus
- Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus
- Black woodpecker, Dryocopus martius
- European green woodpecker, Picus viridis
- Grey-faced woodpecker, Picus canus
Larks
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. There are 91 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Russia.
- Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra
- Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata
- Mongolian lark, Melanocorypha mongolica
- White-winged lark, Melanocorypha leucoptera
- Black lark, Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
- Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
- Lesser short-toed lark, Calandrella rufescens
- Crested lark, Galerida cristata
- Wood lark, Lullula arborea
- Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
- Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula
- Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris
Swallows and martins
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. There are 75 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Russia.
- Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor
- Sand martin, Riparia riparia
- Pale martin, Riparia diluta
- American cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A)
- Eurasian crag martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
- Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
- Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
- Common house martin, Delichon urbica
- Asian house martin, Delichon dasypus
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in Russia.
- Forest wagtail, Dendronanthus indicus
- White wagtail, Motacilla alba
- Black-backed wagtail, Motacilla lugens
- Japanese wagtail, Motacilla grandis
- Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola
- Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
- Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla tschutschensis
- Grey wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
- Oriental pipit, Anthus rufulus
- Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi
- Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
- Blyth's pipit, Anthus godlewskii
- Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
- Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni
- Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi
- Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis
- Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
- Rock pipit, Anthus petrosus
- Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta
- Buff-bellied pipit, Anthus rubescens
Cuckooshrikes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Campephagidae
The cuckoo-shrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. There are 82 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Ashy minivet, Pericrocotus divaricatus
Bulbuls
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. There are 130 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Brown-eared bulbul, Ixos amaurotis
Kinglets
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice. There are 7 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Ruby-crowned kinglet, Regulus calendula
- Goldcrest, Regulus regulus
- Common firecrest, Regulus ignicapillus
Waxwings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. There are 3 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
- Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica
Dippers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. There are 5 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus
- Brown dipper, Cinclus pallasii
Wrens
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. There are 80 species worldwide (of which all but one are New World species) and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Winter wren, Troglodytes troglodytes
Accentors
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows. There are 13 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Russia.
- Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
- Himalayan accentor, Prunella himalayana
- Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella
- Brown accentor, Prunella fulvescens
- Black-throated accentor, Prunella atrogularis
- Dunnock, Prunella modularis
- Japanese accentor, Prunella rubida
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. There are 335 species worldwide and 22 species which occur in Russia.
- Common rock thrush, Monticola saxatilis
- White-throated rock thrush, Monticola gularis
- Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius
- Siberian thrush, Zoothera sibirica
- Scaly thrush, Zoothera dauma
- Grey-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus
- Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus (A)
- Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus
- Grey-backed thrush, Turdus hortulorum
- Japanese thrush, Turdus cardis
- Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus
- Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula
- Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus
- Pale thrush, Turdus pallidus
- Brown-headed thrush, Turdus chrysolaus
- Dark-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis
- Dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni
- Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris
- Redwing, Turdus iliacus
- Song thrush, Turdus philomelos
- Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus
- Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius
Old World warblers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. There are 291 species worldwide and 58 species which occur in Russia.
- Asian stubtail, Urosphena squameiceps
- Manchurian bush warbler, Cettia canturians
- Japanese bush warbler, Cettia diphone
- Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti
- Spotted bush warbler, Bradypterus thoracicus
- Chinese bush warbler, Bradypterus tacsanowskius
- Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata
- Grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia
- Pallas's warbler, Locustella certhiola
- Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, Locustella ochotensis
- Pleske's warbler, Locustella pleskei
- Eurasian river warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
- Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
- Gray's warbler, Locustella fasciolata
- Sakhalin warbler, Locustella amnicola
- Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon
- Aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola
- Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
- Black-browed reed warbler, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps
- Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola
- Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
- African reed warbler, Acrocephalus baeticatus
- Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum
- Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
- Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus
- Oriental reed warbler, Acrocephalus orientalis
- Thick-billed warbler, Acrocephalus aedon
- Booted warbler, Hippolais caligata
- Sykes's warbler, Hippolais rama
- Eastern olivaceous warbler, Hippolais pallida
- Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
- Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
- Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
- Mountain chiffchaff, Phylloscopus sindianus
- Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
- Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus
- Sulphur-bellied warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
- Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
- Lemon-rumped warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
- Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
- Hume's warbler, Phylloscopus humei
- Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis
- Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
- Pale-legged leaf warbler, Phylloscopus tenellipes
- Sakhalin leaf warbler, Phylloscopus borealoides
- Western crowned leaf warbler, Phylloscopus occipitalis
- Eastern crowned leaf warbler, Phylloscopus coronatus
- Marsh grassbird, Megalurus pryeri
- Striated grassbird, Megalurus palustris
- Blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
- Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
- Greater whitethroat, Sylvia communis
- Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca
- Asian desert warbler, Sylvia nana
- Barred warbler, Sylvia nisoria
- Rueppell's warbler, Sylvia rueppelli
- Subalpine warbler, Sylvia cantillans
- Menetries's warbler, Sylvia mystacea
Old World flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There 274 species worldwide and 41 species which occur in Russia.
- Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
- Grey-spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta
- Siberian flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica
- Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica
- European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca
- Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis
- Semicollared flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata
- Korean flycatcher, Ficedula zanthopygia
- Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina
- Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki
- Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva
- Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla
- Blue-and-white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana
- European robin, Erithacus rubecula
- Japanese robin, Erithacus akahige
- Rufous-tailed robin, Luscinia sibilans
- Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia
- Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
- Siberian rubythroat, Luscinia calliope
- Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
- Siberian blue robin, Luscinia cyane
- Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus
- Rufous-tailed scrub robin, Cercotrichas galactotes
- Rufous-backed redstart, Phoenicurus erythronota
- Blue-capped redstart, Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus
- Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
- Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
- Daurian redstart, Phoenicurus auroreus
- White-winged redstart, Phoenicurus erythrogaster
- Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maura
- Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
- White-throated bushchat, Saxicola insignis
- European stonechat, Saxicola rubicola
- African stonechat, Saxicola torquata
- Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
- Finsch's wheatear, Oenanthe finschii
- Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka
- Black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe hispanica
- Red-tailed wheatear, Oenanthe xanthoprymna
- Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti
- Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina
Monarch flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. There are 99 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Japanese paradise flycatcher, Terpsiphone atrocaudata
- Amur paradise flycatcher, Terpsiphone incei
Parrotbills
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paradoxornithidae
The parrotbills are a group of birds native to East and Southeast Asia, though feral populations exist elsewhere. They are generally small, long-tailed birds which inhabit reed beds and similar habitats. There are 20 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus
- Vinous-throated parrotbill, Paradoxornis webbianus
- Reed parrotbill, Paradoxornis heudei
Long-tailed tits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. There are 9 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus
Chickadees and titmice
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. There are 59 species worldwide and 11 species which occur in Russia.
- Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
- Willow tit, Poecile montana
- Grey-headed chickadee, Poecile cincta
- Coal tit, Periparus ater
- Crested tit, Lophophanes cristatus
- Great tit, Parus major
- Turkestan tit, Parus bokharensis
- Eurasian blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus
- Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus
- Yellow-breasted tit, Cyanistes flavipectus
- Varied tit, Sittiparus varius
Nuthatches
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. There are 24 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian nuthatch, Sitta europaea
- Krueper's nuthatch, Sitta krueperi
- Snowy-browed nuthatch, Sitta villosa
Wallcreeper
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.
- Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria
Treecreepers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. There are 6 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian treecreeper, Certhia familiaris
- Short-toed treecreeper, Certhia brachydactyla
Penduline tits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. There are 13 species worldwide and 4 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus
- Black-headed penduline tit, Remiz macronyx
- White-crowned penduline tit, Remiz coronatus
- Chinese penduline tit, Remiz consobrinus
White-eyes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Zosteropidae
The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. There are 96 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Chestnut-flanked white-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus
- Japanese white-eye, Zosterops japonicus
Old World orioles
Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. There are 29 species worldwide and 2 species which occur in Russia.
- Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
- Black-naped oriole, Oriolus chinensis
Shrikes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. There are 31 species worldwide and 12 species which occur in Russia.
- Tiger shrike, Lanius tigrinus
- Bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus
- Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
- Rufous-tailed shrike, Lanius isabellinus
- Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus
- Bay-backed shrike, Lanius vittatus
- Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
- Northern shrike, Lanius excubitor
- Southern grey shrike, Lanius meridionalis
- Lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor
- Chinese grey shrike, Lanius sphenocercus
- Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator
Drongos
Order: Passeriformes Family: Dicruridae
The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. There are 24 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Hair-crested drongo, Dicrurus hottentottus
Crows, jays, ravens and magpies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. There are 120 species worldwide and 16 species which occur in Russia.
- Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus
- Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius
- Azure-winged magpie, Cyanopica cyana
- Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
- Mongolian ground jay, Podoces hendersoni
- Eurasian nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
- Red-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
- Yellow-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus
- Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula
- Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus
- Rook, Corvus frugilegus
- Carrion crow, Corvus corone
- Large-billed crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
- Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis
- Common raven, Corvus corax
- Hooded crow, Corvus cornix
Starlings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. There are 125 species worldwide and 7 species which occur in Russia.
- Common myna, Acridotheres tristis
- Daurian starling, Sturnia sturnina
- Chestnut-cheeked starling, Sturnia philippensis
- White-shouldered starling, Sturnia sinensis
- Rosy starling, Pastor roseus
- White-cheeked starling, Sturnus cineraceus
- European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
New World warblers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. There are 119 species worldwide and 3 species which occur in Russia.
- Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata
- Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis
- Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla
Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. There are 275 species worldwide and 36 species which occur in Russia.
- Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella
- Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
- Rock bunting, Emberiza cia
- Godlewski's bunting, Emberiza godlewskii
- Meadow bunting, Emberiza cioides
- Rufous-backed bunting, Emberiza jankowskii
- Grey-hooded bunting, Emberiza buchanani
- Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea
- Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana
- Ochre-rumped bunting, Emberiza yessoensis
- Tristram's bunting, Emberiza tristrami
- Chestnut-eared bunting, Emberiza fucata
- Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla
- Yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys
- Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica
- Yellow-throated bunting, Emberiza elegans
- Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola
- Chestnut bunting, Emberiza rutila
- Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala
- Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps
- Yellow bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
- Black-faced bunting, Emberiza spodocephala
- Grey bunting, Emberiza variabilis
- Pallas's bunting, Emberiza pallasi
- Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
- Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra
- American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea
- Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina
- Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis
- Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca
- White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
- Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla
- Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis
- Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus
- Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis
- McKay's bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus
Troupials and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. There are 98 species worldwide and 1 species which occurs in Russia.
- Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus
Siskins, crossbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. There are 137 species worldwide and 33 species which occur in Russia.
- Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs
- Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
- Plain mountain finch, Leucosticte nemoricola
- Black-headed mountain finch, Leucosticte brandti
- Asian rosy finch, Leucosticte arctoa
- Grey-crowned rosy finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis
- Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator
- Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus
- Pallas's rosefinch, Carpodacus roseus
- Red-mantled rosefinch, Carpodacus rhodochlamys
- Caucasian great rosefinch, Carpodacus rubicilla
- Parrot crossbill, Loxia pytyopsittacus
- Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
- White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera
- European greenfinch, Carduelis chloris
- Common redpoll, Carduelis flammea
- Hoary redpoll, Carduelis hornemanni
- Eurasian siskin, Carduelis spinus
- European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis
- Oriental greenfinch, Carduelis sinica
- Twite, Carduelis flavirostris
- Eurasian linnet, Carduelis cannabina
- Fire-fronted serin, Serinus pusillus
- European serin, Serinus serinus
- Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
- Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
- Yellow-billed grosbeak, Eophona migratoria
- Japanese grosbeak, Eophona personata
- White-winged grosbeak, Mycerobas carnipes
- Crimson-winged finch, Rhodopechys sanguinea
- Mongolian finch, Rhodopechys mongolica
- Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githaginea
- Long-tailed rosefinch, Uragus sibiricus
Sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. There are 35 species worldwide and 9 species which occur in Russia.
- Saxaul sparrow, Passer ammodendri
- House sparrow, Passer domesticus
- Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
- Russet sparrow, Passer rutilans
- Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
- Rock petronia, Petronia petronia
- Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla
- White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis
- Pere David's snowfinch, Montifringilla davidiana
See also
References
- Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of birds of Russia". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 27 April 2007.
- Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: a Checklist. Cornell University Press. p. 880. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.
|
|