List of amphibians of North America
This is a checklist of American amphibians found north of Mexico, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[1][2] The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[3]
* alien species
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
- EX – extinct, EW – extinct in the wild
- CR – critically endangered, EN – endangered, VU – vulnerable
- NT – near threatened, LC – least concern
- DD – data deficient, NE – not evaluated
- (v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[4])
- E – endangered, T – threatened
- XN, XE – experimental nonessential or essential population
- E(S/A), T(S/A) – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
- (the data are current as of March 28, 2014[5])
Order: Urodela
Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum
Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis
Suborder: Cryptobranchoidea
Family: Cryptobranchidae
- Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
(Ozark hellbender C. a. bishopi: E)
- Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis NT
Suborder: Salamandroidea
Family: Salamandridae
Subfamily: Pleurodelinae
- Eastern newts
- Black-spotted newt Notophthalmus meridionalis EN
- Striped newt Notophthalmus perstriatus NT
- Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens LC
- Pacific newts
- Rough-skinned newt Taricha granulosa LC
- Red-bellied newt Taricha rivularis LC
- Sierra newt Taricha sierrae LC
- California newt Taricha torosa LC
Family: Plethodontidae
Subfamily: Plethodontinae
- Web-toed salamanders
- Limestone salamander Hydromantes brunus VU
- Mount Lyell salamander Hydromantes platycephalus LC
- Shasta salamander Hydromantes shastae VU
- Climbing salamanders
- Green salamander Aneides aeneus NT
- Clouded salamander Aneides ferreus NT
- Black salamander Aneides flavipunctatus NT
- Sacramento Mountains salamander Aneides hardii LC
- Arboreal salamander Aneides lugubris LC
- Wandering salamander Aneides vagrans NT
- Dusky salamanders
- Cumberland dusky salamander Desmognathus abditus NT
- Seepage salamander Desmognathus aeneus NT
- Apalachicola dusky salamander Desmognathus apalachicolae LC
- Southern dusky salamander Desmognathus auriculatus LC
- Ouachita dusky salamander Desmognathus brimleyorum LC
- Carolina Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus carolinensis LC
- Northern dusky salamander Desmognathus fuscus LC
- Spotted dusky salamander Desmognathus conanti (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)
- Flat-headed salamander Desmognathus planiceps (formerly in Desmognathus fuscus)
- Dwarf black-bellied salamander Desmognathus folkertsi DD
- Imitator salamander Desmognathus imitator LC
- Shovel-nosed salamander Desmognathus marmoratus LC
- Seal salamander Desmognathus monticola LC
- Mountain dusky salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus LC
- Ocoee salamander Desmognathus ocoee LC
- Blue Ridge dusky salamander Desmognathus orestes LC
- Northern pygmy salamander Desmognathus organi
- Black-bellied salamander Desmognathus quadramaculatus LC
- Santeetlah dusky salamander Desmognathus santeetlah LC
- Black mountain salamander Desmognathus welteri LC
- Pigmy salamander Desmognathus wrighti LC
- Ensatina
- Ensatina Ensatina eschscholtzii LC
- Red Hills salamander
- Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti EN T
- Woodland salamanders
- Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander †Plethodon ainsworthi EX
- Western slimy salamander Plethodon albagula LC
- Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon amplus VU
- Ozark zigzag salamander Plethodon angusticlavius LC
- Scott Bar salamander Plethodon asupak VU
- Tellico salamander Plethodon aureolus DD
- Caddo Mountain salamander Plethodon caddoensis NT
- Chattahoochee slimy salamander Plethodon chattahoochee
- Cheoah bald salamander Plethodon cheoah VU
- Atlantic Coast slimy salamander Plethodon chlorobryonis
- Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus LC
- White-spotted slimy salamander Plethodon cylindraceus LC
- Northern zigzag salamander Plethodon dorsalis LC
- Dunn's salamander Plethodon dunni LC
- Northern ravine salamander Plethodon electromorphus LC
- Del Norte salamander Plethodon elongatus NT
- Fourche Mountain salamander Plethodon fourchensis VU
- Northern slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus LC
- Southeastern slimy salamander Plethodon grobmani
- Valley and ridge salamander Plethodon hoffmani LC
- Peaks of Otter salamander Plethodon hubrichti VU
- Coeur d'Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis LC
- Red-cheeked salamander Plethodon jordani NT
- Cumberland Plateau salamander Plethodon kentucki LC
- Kiamichi slimy salamander Plethodon kiamichi DD
- Louisiana slimy salamander Plethodon kisatchie LC
- Larch Mountain salamander Plethodon larselli NT
- South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon meridianus VU
- Southern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon metcalfi LC
- Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodon mississippi
- Northern gray-cheeked salamander Plethodon montanus LC
- Jemez Mountains salamander Plethodon neomexicanus NT E
- Cheat Mountain salamander Plethodon nettingi NT T
- Ocmulgee slimy salamander Plethodon ocmulgee
- Rich Mountain salamander Plethodon ouachitae NT
- Pigeon Mountain salamander Plethodon petraeus VU
- White-spotted salamander Plethodon punctatus NT
- Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander Plethodon richmondi LC
- Savannah slimy salamander Plethodon savannah
- Sequoyah slimy salamander Plethodon sequoyah DD
- Southern red-backed salamander Plethodon serratus LC
- Shenandoah salamander Plethodon shenandoah VU E
- Big Levels salamander Plethodon sherando VU
- Red-legged salamander Plethodon shermani VU
- Siskiyou Mountains salamander Plethodon stormi EN
- Southern Appalachian salamander Plethodon teyahalee LC
- Van Dyke's salamander Plethodon vandykei LC
- South Carolina slimy salamander Plethodon variolatus
- Western redback salamander Plethodon vehiculum LC
- Southern zigzag salamander Plethodon ventralis LC
- Shenandoah Mountain salamander Plethodon virginia NT
- Webster's salamander Plethodon websteri LC
- Wehrle's salamander Plethodon wehrlei LC
- Weller's salamander Plethodon welleri EN
- Yonahlossee salamander Plethodon yonahlossee LC
- Patch-nosed salamander Urspelerpes brucei
Subfamily: Spelerpinae
- Brook salamanders
- Brownback salamander or dark-sided salamander Eurycea aquatica
- Northern two-lined salamander Eurycea bislineata LC
- Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Eurycea chamberlaini DD
- Salado Springs salamander Eurycea chisholmensis VU T
- Southern two-lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera LC
- Three-lined salamander Eurycea guttolineata LC
- Junaluska salamander Eurycea junaluska VU
- Cascade Caverns salamander Eurycea latitans VU
- Long-tailed salamander Eurycea longicauda LC
- Cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga LC
- Many-ribbed salamander Eurycea multiplicata LC
- San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana VU T
- Georgetown salamander Eurycea naufragia EN T
- Texas salamander Eurycea neotenes VU
- Blanco River springs salamander Eurycea pterophila DD
- Dwarf salamander Eurycea quadridigitata LC
- Barton Springs salamander Eurycea sosorum VU E
- Jollyville Plateau salamander Eurycea tonkawae EN T
- Comal blind salamander Eurycea tridentifera VU
- Valdina Farms salamander Eurycea troglodytes DD
- Oklahoma salamander Eurycea tynerensis NT
- Austin blind salamander Eurycea waterlooensis VU E
- Blue Ridge two-lined salamander Eurycea wilderae LC
- Texas blind salamander Eurycea rathbuni VU E
- Blanco blind salamander Eurycea robusta DD
- Grotto salamander
- Grotto salamander Eurycea spelaea LC
- Spring salamanders
- Berry Cave salamander Gyrinophilus gulolineatus EN
- Tennessee cave salamander Gyrinophilus palleucus VU
- Spring salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus LC
- West Virginia spring salamander Gyrinophilus subterraneus EN
- Georgia blind salamander
- Georgia blind salamander Haideotriton wallacei VU
- Red and mud salamanders
- Mud salamander Pseudotriton montanus LC
- Red salamander Pseudotriton ruber LC
- Many-lined salamander
- Many-lined salamander Stereochilus marginatus LC
Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae
- Slender salamanders
- Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps altasierrae
- California slender salamander Batrachoseps attenuatus LC
- Fairview slender salamander Batrachoseps bramei
- Inyo Mountains salamander Batrachoseps campi EN
- Hell Hollow slender salamander Batrachoseps diabolicus DD
- San Gabriel slender salamander Batrachoseps gabrieli DD
- Gabilan Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps gavilanensis LC
- Gregarious slender salamander Batrachoseps gregarius LC
- San Simeon slender salamander Batrachoseps incognitus DD
- Sequoia slender salamander Batrachoseps kawia DD
- Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander Batrachoseps luciae LC
- Garden slender salamander Batrachoseps major LC (desert slender salamander B. m. aridus: E)
- Lesser slender salamander Batrachoseps minor DD
- Black-bellied slender salamander Batrachoseps nigriventris LC
- Channel Islands slender salamander Batrachoseps pacificus LC
- Kings River slender salamander Batrachoseps regius VU
- Relictual slender salamander Batrachoseps relictus DD
- Kern Plateau salamander Batrachoseps robustus NT
- Kern Canyon slender salamander Batrachoseps simatus VU
- Tehachapi slender salamander Batrachoseps stebbinsi VU
- Oregon slender salamander Batrachoseps wrighti VU
Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae
- Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum LC
Family: Proteidae
- Alabama waterdog Necturus alabamensis EN
- Gulf Coast waterdog Necturus beyeri LC
- Neuse River waterdog Necturus lewisi NT
- Common mudpuppy Necturus maculosus LC
- Dwarf waterdog Necturus punctatus LC
Family: Ambystomatidae
Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means
Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus
- Ringed salamander Ambystoma annulatum LC
- Streamside salamander Ambystoma barbouri NT
- Frosted flatwoods salamander Ambystoma cingulatum VU T
- Reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystoma bishopi VU E (formerly in A. cingulatum)
- California tiger salamander Ambystoma californiense VU (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties E, central California T)
- Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile LC
- Jefferson salamander Ambystoma jeffersonianum LC
- Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale LC
- Mabee's salamander Ambystoma mabeei LC
- Long-toed salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum LC (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander A. m. croceum: E)
- Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum LC
- Barred tiger salamander Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander A. m. stebbinsi: E)
- Marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum LC
- Mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum LC
- Small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma texanum LC
- Tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum LC
Family: Amphiumidae
- Two-toed amphiuma Amphiuma means LC
- One-toed amphiuma Amphiuma pholeter NT
- Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum LC
Family: Dicamptodontidae
- Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus LC
- Cope's giant salamander Dicamptodon copei LC
- California giant salamander Dicamptodon ensatus NT
- Coastal giant salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus LC
Family: Rhyacotritonidae
Lesser siren Siren intermedia
- Cascade torrent salamander Rhyacotriton cascadae NT
- Columbia torrent salamander Rhyacotriton kezeri NT
- Olympic torrent salamander Rhyacotriton olympicus VU
- Southern torrent salamander Rhyacotriton variegatus LC
Suborder: Sirenoidea
Family: Sirenidae
- Dwarf sirens
- Southern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus axanthus LC
- Northern dwarf siren Pseudobranchus striatus LC
- Sirens
- Lesser siren Siren intermedia LC
- Greater siren Siren lacertina LC
Order: Anura
American bullfrog
Lithobates catesbeiana
Lithobates catesbeiana
Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei
Western spadefoot toad
Spea hammondii
Spea hammondii
Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor
Suborder: Archaeobatrachia
Family: Ascaphidae
- Rocky Mountain tailed frog Ascaphus montanus LC
- Coastal tailed frog Ascaphus truei LC
Suborder: Mesobatrachia
Family: Pipidae
- African clawed frog Xenopus laevis * LC
Family: Rhinophrynidae
- Burrowing toad Rhinophrynus dorsalis LC
Family: Scaphiopodidae
- North American spadefoot toads
- Couch's spadefoot Scaphiopus couchii LC
- Eastern spadefoot Scaphiopus holbrookii LC
- Hurter's spadefoot Scaphiopus hurterii LC
- Western spadefoot toads
- Plains spadefoot Spea bombifrons LC
- Western spadefoot Spea hammondii NT
- Great Basin spadefoot Spea intermontana LC
- Mexican spadefoot Spea multiplicata LC
Suborder: Neobatrachia
Family: Bufonidae
- American toad Anaxyrus americanus LC
- Wyoming toad Anaxyrus baxteri EW
- Western toad Anaxyrus boreas NT
- Amargosa toad Anaxyrus nelsoni EN (formerly in Anaxyrus boreas)
- Arroyo toad Anaxyrus californicus EN E
- Yosemite toad Anaxyrus canorus EN
- Great Plains toad Anaxyrus cognatus LC
- American green toad Anaxyrus debilis LC
- Black toad Anaxyrus exsul VU
- Fowler's toad Anaxyrus fowleri LC
- Canadian toad Anaxyrus hemiophrys LC E
- Houston toad Anaxyrus houstonensis EN E
- Arizona toad Anaxyrus microscaphus LC
- Red-spotted toad Anaxyrus punctatus LC
- Oak toad Anaxyrus quercicus LC
- Sonoran green toad Anaxyrus retiformis LC
- Texas toad Anaxyrus speciosus LC
- Southern toad Anaxyrus terrestris LC
- Woodhouse's toad Anaxyrus woodhousii LC
- Colorado River toad Incilius alvarius LC
- Coastal plains toad Incilius nebulifer LC (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
- Cane toad Rhinella marina LC
Family: Hylidae
Subfamily: Hylinae
- Tree frogs
- Pine Barrens tree frog Hyla andersonii NT
- Canyon tree frog Hyla arenicolor LC
- Bird-voiced tree frog Hyla avivoca LC
- Cope's gray tree frog Hyla chrysoscelis LC
- American green tree frog Hyla cinerea LC
- Pine woods tree frog Hyla femoralis LC
- Barking tree frog Hyla gratiosa LC
- Squirrel tree frog Hyla squirella LC
- Gray tree frog Hyla versicolor LC
- Arizona tree frog Hyla wrightorum LC (formerly in Hyla eximia)
- Chorus frogs
- Mountain chorus frog Pseudacris brachyphona LC
- Brimley's chorus frog Pseudacris brimleyi LC
- California tree frog Pseudacris cadaverina LC (formerly Hyla cadaverina)
- Spotted chorus frog Pseudacris clarkii LC
- Spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer LC
- Western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata LC
- Southeastern chorus frog Pseudacris feriarum LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)
- Cajun chorus frog Pseudacris fouquettei LC (formerly in Pseudacris feriarum)
- New Jersey chorus frog Pseudacris kalmi LC (formerly in Pseudacris triseriata)
- Pacific tree frog Pseudacris regilla LC
- Baja California tree frog Pseudacris hypochondriaca (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)
- Sierran tree frog Pseudacris sierra (formerly in Pseudacris regilla)
- Illinois chorus frog Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
- Boreal chorus frog Pseudacris maculata LC
- Southern chorus frog Pseudacris nigrita LC
- Little grass frog Pseudacris ocularis LC
- Ornate chorus frog Pseudacris ornata LC
- Strecker's chorus frog Pseudacris streckeri LC
- Cricket frogs
- Northern cricket frog Acris crepitans LC
- Blanchard's cricket frog Acris (crepitans) blanchardi
- Southern cricket frog Acris gryllus LC
- Other tree frogs
- Cuban tree frog Osteopilus septentrionalis * LC
- Mexican tree frog Smilisca baudinii LC
- Lowland burrowing tree frog Smilisca fodiens LC
Family: Ranidae
- Typical frogs
- Northern red-legged frog Rana aurora LC
- California red-legged frog Rana draytonii VU T (formerly in Rana aurora)
- Foothill yellow-legged frog Rana boylii NT
- Cascades frog Rana cascadae NT
- Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris LC
- Southern mountain yellow-legged frog Rana muscosa EN E
- Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog Rana sierrae EN (formerly in Rana muscosa)
- Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa VU
- Water frogs
- American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus LC
- Gopher frog Lithobates capito NT
- Crawfish frog Lithobates areolatus NT
- Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog Lithobates sevosus CR E
- Rio Grande leopard frog Lithobates berlandieri LC
- Plains leopard frog Lithobates blairi LC
- Chiricahua leopard frog Lithobates chiricahuensis VU T
- Ramsey Canyon leopard frog Lithobates subaquavocalis CR,[6] (species not recognized by SSAR[1][2])
- Green frog Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans LC
- Vegas Valley leopard frog †Lithobates fisheri EX
- Pig frog Lithobates grylio LC
- River frog Lithobates heckscheri LC
- Florida bog frog Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae VU
- Relict leopard frog Lithobates onca or Rana onca EN
- Pickerel frog Lithobates palustris LC
- Northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens LC
- Mink frog Lithobates septentrionalis LC
- Southern leopard frog Lithobates sphenocephalus LC
- Wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus LC
- Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae VU
- Carpenter frog Lithobates virgatipes LC
- Lowland leopard frog Lithobates yavapaiensis LC
- Japanese wrinkled frog Glandirana rugosa * LC (Hawaii only)
Family: Craugastoridae
- Barking frog Craugastor augusti LC
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae
- Coqui Eleutherodactylus coqui * LC (Puerto Rico only)
- Rio Grande chirping frog Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides LC
- Spotted chirping frog Eleutherodactylus guttilatus LC
- Cliff chirping frog Eleutherodactylus marnockii LC
- Greenhouse frog Eleutherodactylus planirostris * LC
Family: Leptodactylidae
Subfamily: Leptodactylinae
- Mexican white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis LC
Family: Microhylidae
Subfamily: Gastrophryninae
- Sheep frog Hypopachus variolosus LC
Subfamily: Microhylinae
- North American narrow-mouthed frogs
- Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne carolinensis LC
- Western narrow-mouthed toad Gastrophryne olivacea LC
Family: Dendrobatidae
Subfamily: Dendrobatinae
- Green-and-black poison dart frog Dendrobates auratus * LC (Hawaii only)
See also
- List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
- List of North American birds
- List of birds of Canada and the United States
- List of mammals of North America
- List of North American reptiles
- List of U.S. state mammals
- List of U.S. state birds
- U.S. state reptiles
- List of U.S. state amphibians
- Lists of reptiles by region
- Lists of amphibians by region
References
- 1 2 Crother, Brian I. (ed.) (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- 1 2 Crother, Brian I. (ed.) (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ↑ "Search Results: Amhibia North America 2014-12-13". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 <www.iucnredlist.org>. IUCN. 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
Search terms Search by taxonomy: AMPHIBIA, Search by location: Canada, United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 12 December 2014
External link in|website=(help) - ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ↑ "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife.". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- ↑ Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates subaquavocalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
Further reading
- Cope, Edward D. (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution. Washington: Government Printing Office: Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum.
- Stejneger, Leonhard; Barbour, Thomas (1917). A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.
External links
- Checklist of the Standard English Common Names of Amphibians & Reptiles - Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR)
- Checklist of Amphibian Species and an Online Identification Guide for the Identification of Amphibians in North America north of Mexico
- Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained
- The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
- Endangered Species Program – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Species Search – US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Endangered Species Act – National Marine Fisheries Service – NOAA
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