List of active nationalist parties in Europe

The popular vote in favour of the main nationalist party by European countries.

Nationalist parties in Europe have been on rise since the early 2010s[1][2][3][4][5][6] due to, according to some, austerity measures and immigration.[7][8]

Ruth Wodak stresses that the rise of populist parties across Europe has different reasons in different countries. In a March 2014 article she divided these parties into four groups: "parties [that] gain support via an ambivalent relationship with fascist and Nazi pasts" (e.g., in Austria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, and France), parties that "focus primarily on a perceived threat from Islam" (e.g., in the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Switzerland), parties that "restrict their propaganda to a perceived threat to their national identities from ethnic minorities" (e.g., in Hungary, Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom) and parties that "endorse a fundamentalist Christian conservative-reactionary agenda" (e.g., in Poland, Romania and Bulgaria).[9] According to the Economist, the main attraction of far-right parties in the Scandinavian countries is the national culture is under threat.[10]

Overview

Different parts of Europe have nationalist parties with different ideologies and goals. Most nationalist parties in Western Europe are described as right-wing populists.[11] According to Thomas Klau of the European Council on Foreign Relations "as antisemitism was a unifying factor for far-right parties in the 1910s, 20s and 30s, Islamophobia has become the unifying factor in the early decades of the 21st century."[12] Many are Left Wing or Civic Nationalist Parties, which often advocate regionalism.

Nationalist parties are the ruling parties in the two former Yugoslav countries. In the Republic of Macedonia, the VMRO-DPMNE is one of the two major parties in the country. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), founded in 2008 by former Serbian Radical Party members and is led by Tomislav Nikolić. The SNS won plurality in the 2012 parliamentary election and is since the senior party in the Serbian government.

In all other countries, nationalist parties are in opposition. In some countries, nationalist parties are major players in politics, such as in the National Front in France, True Finns in Finland, Austria, Jobbik Hungary, LDPR in Russia, MHP in Turkey, the Golden Dawn in Greece, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Armenia, etc.

Most, if not all, nationalist parties represented in the European Parliament are in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy group.

Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

Nationalist parties in the Eastern European states differ from the ones in Western Europe mostly by the fact that there is virtually no immigration into these countries.

Governments in Belarus and Azerbaijan are often considered totalitarian and elections in these countries have been described unfair and not free and thus the parliaments are effectively controlled by the ruling party.

List

National

Party Country Date established % of popular vote Votes Seats Ideology, description
VMRO-DPMNE  Macedonia 1990 43.0% (2014) 481,615
61 / 123
 Macedonian nationalism,[13] Conservatism,[14] Christian democracy,[14][15] National conservatism[16]
Law and Justice  Poland 2001 37.6% (2015) 5,711,687
235 / 460
 Polish nationalism[17]
Swiss People's Party   Switzerland 1971 26.6% (2011) 648,675
54 / 200
 Nationalism,[18][19] conservatism
Danish People's Party  Denmark 1995 21.1% (2015) 741,746
37 / 179
 Anti-immigration,[20][21] Euroscepticism[22][23]
Freedom Party of Austria  Austria 1956 20.5% (2013) 962,313
40 / 183
 Anti-Immigration[24][25]
New Flemish Alliance  Belgium 2001 20.3% (2014) 1,366,397
33 / 150
 Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Jobbik  Hungary 2003 20.2% (2014) 985,029
23 / 199
 Hungarian nationalism,[27][28] Anti-Zionism,[29] Greater Hungary[30]
Finns Party  Finland 1995 17.7% (2015) 524,054
38 / 200
 Finnish nationalism,[31] Anti-Immigration,[32][33] Euroscepticism
National Alliance  Latvia 2010 16.6% (2014) 151,567
17 / 100
 Latvian nationalism[34]
Progress Party  Norway 1973 16.3% (2013) 463,560
29 / 169
 Anti-immigration[35]
Nationalist Movement Party  Turkey 1969 11.90% (2015) 5,694,136
40 / 550
 Turkish nationalism, Pan-Turkism
IRL  Estonia 2006 13.7% (2015) 78,699
14 / 101
 Estonian nationalism,[36][37] National conservatism
National Front  France 1972 13.6% (2012) 3,528,373
2 / 577
 French nationalism, Anti-Immigration, Euroscepticism[38][39][40]
Sweden Democrats  Sweden 1988 12.9% (2014) 801,178
49 / 349
 Swedish nationalism,[41] Anti-immigration,[42] Euroscepticism[43]
United Kingdom Independence Party  United Kingdom 1993 12.6% (2015) 3,881,129
1 / 650
 Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
LDPR  Russia 1991 11.7% (2011) 7,664,570
56 / 450
 Russian nationalism, Russian imperialism, Anti-Americanism[44][45]
SDP  Montenegro 1993 11.1% (2012) 40,131
9 / 81
Party for Freedom  Netherlands 2006 10.1% (2012) 950,263
15 / 150
 Anti-Immigration, Anti-Islam
Sinn Féin  Ireland 1905 9.9% (2011) 220,661
14 / 166
 Irish republicanism, Left-Wing Nationalism, Democratic Socialism
Conservative People's Party of Estonia  Estonia 2012 8.1% (2015) 46,772
7 / 101
 Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Order and Justice  Lithuania 2002 7.3% (2012) 100,120
11 / 141
 Right-wing populism, Euroscepticism
Attack  Bulgaria 2005 7.3% (2013) 258,481
23 / 240
 Bulgarian nationalism,[46] ultranationalism,[47][48]
Golden Dawn  Greece 1993 6.99% (2015) 379,581
18 / 300
 Greek nationalism, Anti-immigration, Megali Idea,[49] Ultranationalism,[50] Neo-fascist[51]
ADR  Luxembourg 1987 6.6% (2013) 217,683
3 / 60
 conservatism
ARF  Armenia 1890 5.7% (2012) 85,550
5 / 131
 Armenian nationalism, United Armenia[52][53]
Svoboda  Ukraine 1991 4.7% (2014) 742,022
7 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism,[54] Anti-Russian[55]
Slovak National Party  Slovakia 1989 4.6% (2012) 116,420
0 / 150
 Slovak ultra-nationalist,[56][57][58][59][60][61] extremist,[62][63][64] Hungarophobia,[65] Antiziganism[66][67][68]
Serbian Radical Party  Serbia 1991 3.8% (2012) 147,793
0 / 250
 Serbian nationalism, Right-Wing Populism, Euroscepticism, National conservatism
Flemish Interest  Belgium 2004 3.7% (2014) 247,738
3 / 150
 Flemish nationalism, separatism[26]
Croatian Party of Rights  Croatia 1990 3.0% (2011) 72,360
0 / 151
 Croatian nationalism[69][70][71]
Croatian Party of Rights dr. Ante Starčević  Croatia 2009
2.8% (2011)
66,150
1 / 151
 National conservatism, social conservatism, Euroscepticism
Croatian Pure Party of Rights  Croatia 1992
0 / 151
 Croatian nationalism, national conservatism, protectionism
Brothers of Italy – National Alliance  Italy 2012 2.0% (2013) 666,035
9 / 630
 Italian nationalism[72]
Slovenian National Party  Slovenia 1991 1.8% (2011) 19,786
0 / 90
 Slovenian nationalism[73]
Right Sector  Ukraine 2014 1.8% (2014) 284,943
1 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism
National Democratic Party  Germany 1964 1.5% (2013) 635,135
0 / 631
 German nationalism
Greater Romania Party  Romania 1991 1.5% (2012) 108,911
0 / 137
 Romanian nationalism, Union with Moldova, Anti-Hungarian sentiment
National Popular Front  Cyprus 2008 1.1% (2011) 4,354
0 / 59
 Greek nationalism
Congress of the New Right  Poland 2011 1.1% (2011) 151,837
0 / 460
 Euroscepticism
Workers' Party  Czech Republic 2010 0.86% (2013) 42,906
0 / 200
 Czech nationalism
National Liberal Party  Moldova 1993 0.43% (2014) 6,859
0 / 101
National Renovator Party  Portugal 2000 0.33% (2011) 17,548
0 / 230
 Portuguese nationalism
National Front  Albania 1989 0.28% (2013) 4,868
0 / 140
New Force  Italy 1997 0.26% (2013) 89,826
0 / 630
Estonian Independence Party  Estonia 1999 0.18% (2015) 1,047
0 / 101
 Estonian nationalism, Euroscepticism
Tricolour Flame  Italy 1995 0.13% (2013) 44,753
0 / 630
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists  Ukraine 1992 0.05% (2014) 8,976
0 / 450
 Ukrainian nationalism
SRP  Poland 1992 0.05% (2011) 9,733
0 / 460
 Polish nationalism
España 2000  Spain 2002 0.04% (2011) 9,266
0 / 350
 Spanish nationalism
Spanish Falange of the JONS  Spain 1933 0.01% (2011) 2,898
0 / 350
 Falangism
National Democracy  Spain 1995 0.01% (2011) 1,867
0 / 350
 Spanish nationalism
British National Party  United Kingdom 1982 0.00% (2015) 1,667
0 / 650
 White nationalism,[74][75][76] Fascism,[77][78][79] Euroscepticism[80]
Swedish Resistance Movement  Sweden 2015 0.00% 0
0 / 349
 Millitant neo-nazi[81]
Conservative Party of Georgia  Georgia 2001
part of Georgian Dream alliance
6 / 150
National Movement  Poland 2012
part of Kukiz'15 alliance
5 / 460
 Polish nationalism, national conservatism, anti-globalization
Belarusian Popular Front  Belarus 1988 N/A N/A N/A

Disputed, de facto independent areas

Party Country Date established % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology, description
Unity Party Georgia (country)  South Ossetia 2003 46.3% (2009) 21,246
17 / 34
Free Motherland Azerbaijan  Nagorno-Karabakh 2005 44.2% (2010) 29,252
14 / 33
National Unity Party Cyprus  Northern Cyprus 1975 44.1% (2009) 622,804
27 / 50
Democratic Party of Kosovo Serbia  Kosovo 1975 32.1% (2010) 224,339
34 / 120
Renewal Moldova  Transnistria 2000 % (2010)
25 / 43
United Abkhazia Georgia (country)  Abkhazia 2004 % (2012)
0 / 35

Regional

Party Country Date established % of popular vote (legislature) Votes (legislature) Seats Ideology
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats Bosnia and Herzegovina  Republika Srpska 2001 50.5% (2010) 319,615
37 / 83
 Serbian nationalism
Scottish National Party United Kingdom  Scotland 1934 45.4% (2011) 902,915
65 / 129
 Scottish nationalism
Basque National Party Spain Basque Country 1895 34.6% (2012) 383,565
27 / 75
 Basque nationalism
New Flemish Alliance Belgium  Flanders 2001 31.9% (2014) 1,339,943
43 / 124
 Flemish nationalism, conservatism, separatism[26]
Convergence and Union Spain  Catalonia 1978 30.7% (2012) 1,116,259
50 / 135
 Catalan nationalism
Sinn Féin United Kingdom  Northern Ireland 1905 26.9% (2011) 178,224
29 / 108
 Irish nationalism
Party of Democratic Action[82] Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 20.2% (2010) 206,926
23 / 98
 Bosniak nationalism
Plaid Cymru United Kingdom  Wales 1925 19.3% (2011) 182,907
11 / 60
 Welsh nationalism
Party of the Corsican Nation France  Corse 2002 35.34% (2015) 52,839
24 / 51
 Corse nationalism
Croatian Democratic Union Bosnia and Herzegovina  Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1990 10.6% (2010) 108,943
12 / 98
 Croatian nationalism
Galician Nationalist Bloc Spain  Galicia 1982 10.1% (2012) 146,027
7 / 75
 Galician nationalism
Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians Serbia  Vojvodina 1982 6.2% (2012)
8 / 120
 Hungarian nationalism
Flemish Interest Belgium  Flanders 1992 5.9% (2014) 248,840
6 / 124
 Flemish nationalism

References

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