List of Spanish irregular participles

In the Spanish language there are some verbs with irregular participles. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective, while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form the compound "perfect" tenses.

Agreement

When a participle is used as adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun modified:

Masculine Feminine
Singular -o -a
Plural -os -as

Verbs with irregular participle

Verb Participle Meaning
abrir abierto 'open(ed)'
cubrir cubierto 'covered'
decir dicho 'said'
descubrir descubierto 'discovered'
escribir escrito 'written'
-facer1 -fecho
hacer hecho 'done, made'
morir muerto 'died, dead'
poner puesto 'put, placed'
pudrir podrido 'rotten'
romper roto 'broken'
-solver1 -suelto
ver visto 'seen'
volver vuelto '(re)turned'

1The roots -facer and -solver appear only in prefixed forms, e.g. satisfacer, absolver. The adjective suelto means 'loose, free'.

Verbs derived from the stems in the table above have participles similar to those of their "parent" verbs — e.g. devolverdevuelto, describirdescrito. Note, however, that this pattern is not followed by corromper, whose participle is regular (corrompido), nor by bendecir and maldecir (see table below).

Verbs with regular and irregular participles

Verb Regular Participle Irregular Participle Meaning
bendecir bendecido bendito 'blessed'
elegir elegido electo 'elected, selected'
freír freído frito 'fried'
imprimir imprimido impreso 'printed'
maldecir maldecido maldito 'damned'
poseer poseído poseso 'possessed'
proveer proveído provisto 'supplied'

See also


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