List of Spanish irregular participles
In the Spanish language there are some verbs with irregular participles. There are also verbs with both regular and irregular participles, in which the irregular form is most used as an adjective, while the regular form tends to appear after haber to form the compound "perfect" tenses.
Agreement
When a participle is used as adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun modified:
| Masculine | Feminine | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | -o | -a |
| Plural | -os | -as |
Verbs with irregular participle
| Verb | Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| abrir | abierto | 'open(ed)' |
| cubrir | cubierto | 'covered' |
| decir | dicho | 'said' |
| descubrir | descubierto | 'discovered' |
| escribir | escrito | 'written' |
| -facer1 | -fecho | — |
| hacer | hecho | 'done, made' |
| morir | muerto | 'died, dead' |
| poner | puesto | 'put, placed' |
| pudrir | podrido | 'rotten' |
| romper | roto | 'broken' |
| -solver1 | -suelto | — |
| ver | visto | 'seen' |
| volver | vuelto | '(re)turned' |
1The roots -facer and -solver appear only in prefixed forms, e.g. satisfacer, absolver. The adjective suelto means 'loose, free'.
Verbs derived from the stems in the table above have participles similar to those of their "parent" verbs — e.g. devolver → devuelto, describir → descrito. Note, however, that this pattern is not followed by corromper, whose participle is regular (corrompido), nor by bendecir and maldecir (see table below).
Verbs with regular and irregular participles
| Verb | Regular Participle | Irregular Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| bendecir | bendecido | bendito | 'blessed' |
| elegir | elegido | electo | 'elected, selected' |
| freír | freído | frito | 'fried' |
| imprimir | imprimido | impreso | 'printed' |
| maldecir | maldecido | maldito | 'damned' |
| poseer | poseído | poseso | 'possessed' |
| proveer | proveído | provisto | 'supplied' |