List of Georgian monarchs
King of Georgia საქართველოს მეფე | |
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Details | |
First monarch | Guaram I |
Last monarch | George XII |
Formation | 575 |
Abolition | 1801[1] |
Residence |
Armazi Mtskheta Artanuji (now in Turkey) Kutaisi Tbilisi Gremi Telavi |
Pretender(s) |
Nugzar Bagrationi David Bagrationi |
This is a list of kings and queens of the kingdoms of Georgia under Bagrationi dynasty before Russian annexation in 1801–1810.
For more comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs.
Princes of Iberia
Persian and Byzantine conquest destroyed rule and replaced the hereditary king with a hereditary prince. In 580, the Persians abolished the Iberian monarchy and established the province of Iberia, allowing various princes to rule through the Principality of Iberia as governors of the Sasanids for the remainder of their domination of Iberia, up to the course of the 620s. With the dawn of the Arabs, the presiding princes regained power in 888, restoring kingship. The following is a list of those princes:
- Guaram I, the Guaramid, 588–c. 590
- Stephen I, the Guaramid, c. 590–627
- Adarnase I, the Chosroid, 627–637/642
- Stephen II, the Chosroid, 637/642–c. 650
- Adarnase II, the Chosroid, c. 650–684
- Guaram II, the Guaramid, 684–c. 693
- Guaram III, the Guaramid, c. 693–c. 748
- Adarnase III, the Nersianid, c. 748–c. 760
- Nerse, the Nersianid, c. 760–772, 775–779/780
- Stephen III, the Guaramid, 779/780–786
- Ashot I, the Bagratid, 813–830
- Bagrat I, 842/843–876
- David I, 876–881
- Gurgen I, 881–891 (overlaps with Adarnase IV’s restoration of kingship)
- Adarnase IV, 888–923
- David II, 923–937
- Sumbat I, 937–958
- Bagrat II, 958–994
- Gurgen of Georgia, 994–1008
Unified Kingdom of Georgia
- Bagrat III, 1008–1014
The eventual victors in Georgia were of the house of Bagrationi, who claimed descent from the earlier dynasty. This family would rule Georgia and all Georgian kingdoms until the Russians annexed all of Georgia in the early 19th century.
Kings of Iberia
- Guaram I Kurapalate (575–590)
- Stepanoz I Kurapalate (590–605)
- Ashot (809–826), Prince of Kartli
- Bagrat I Kuropalates (826–876), Prince of Kartli
- David I Kuropalates (876–881), Prince of Kartli
- Gurgen I of Tao (881–891), Prince of Kartli
- Adarnase IV (888–923), King of the Georgians
- David II (923–937), King of Kartli
- Sumbat I (937–958), King of Kartli
- Bagrat II (958–994), Adarnase V (961–966) and David III (966–975), Kings of Kartli
- Gurgen II (994–1008), King of Kartli
- Bagrat III (975–1008), King of the Abkhazis and Kartvelians, became king of Georgia in 1008
Kings of Tao-Klarjeti
- Guaram II (619–678)
- Varazbakur (678–705)
- Nerse (705–742)
- Adarnase (742–779)
- Ashot I Kuropalates (end of the 8th century / 813–826)
- Bagrat I Kuropalates (826–876), co-rulers: Adarnase (830–c.870) and Guaram Mampali (died 882)
- David I Kuropalates (876–881)
- Adarnase I Kuropalates (881–923), King of the Georgians (888–923)
- David II Magistros (923–937)
- Ashot II Kuropalates (937–954)
- Sumbat I Kuropalates (954–958)
- Bagrat II Regueni, "the Simple" (958–994)
- Gurgen, King of Kings (994–1008)
- Bagrat III, King of Apkhazeti (Abkhazia) since 978, King of united Georgia (1008–1014)
- Gurgen I Mampali (c. 870–891)
- Adarnase, Eristavt Eristavi (891–896)
- Ashot Kukhi, Eristavt Eristavi (896/908–918)
- Gurgen II the Great (918–941)
- Bagrat Magistros (died 945)
- Adarnase II Kuropalates (945–961)
- Bagrat, Eristavt Eristavi (961–966)
- David III Kuropalates (966–1000)
- Sumbat I Mampali, the Great (c. 870–889)
- Bagrat I (889–900)
- David I (900–943)
- Sumbat II (943–988)
- David II (988–992/993)
- Sumbat III (992/993–1011)
- Gurgen (died 1012)
Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1490)
In 1008, Bagrat, who had been King of Abkhazia (present-day Western Georgia) since 978, inherited from his father Gurgen the crown of Iberia (or Kartli, present-day Eastern Georgia). The two kingdoms united into what came to be known as the Kingdom of Georgia.
Portrait | Name | Title | King From | King Until | Relationship with Predecessor(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kings of unified Georgia (1008–1259) | ||||||||
Bagrat III the Unifier | 1008 | 1014 | • Son of Gurgen of Georgia • Nephew of Theodosius III of Abkhazia | |||||
George I | 1014 | 1027 | • Son of Bagrat III | |||||
Bagrat IV | 1027 | 1072 | • Son of George I | |||||
George II | 1072 | 1089 | • Son of Bagrat IV | |||||
David IV the Builder (Davit' Aghmashenebeli) |
1089 | 1125 | • Son of George II | |||||
Demetrius I first reign |
1125 | 1154 or 1155 | • Son of David IV | |||||
David V | 1154 or 1155 | 1155 | • Son of Demetrius I | |||||
Demetrius I second reign |
1155 | 1156 | • Son of David IV • Father of David V | |||||
George III | 1156 | 1184 | • Son of Demetrius I | |||||
Tamar the Great (Tamar Mepe) |
1184 | 1213 | • Daughter of George III | |||||
George IV Lasha (also known as Lasha George, Light of the World, the Resplendent) |
1213 | 1223 | • Son of Tamar | |||||
Rusudan | 1223 | 1245 | • Daughter of Tamar • Sister of George IV | |||||
David VI Narin, the Strong | 1245 | 1259 | • Son of Rusudan | |||||
David VII Ulu, the Cunning | 1247 | 1259 | • Son (illegitimate) of George IV |
Between 1259 and 1330, due to the consequences of the Mongol invasions, Imereti was ruled by distinct kings from the rest of Georgia. David VI and David VII, who had ruled together as vassals of the Mongols, now ruled distinct parts of the country. Imereti had a few more periods of independence, between 1387 and 1412 (during Timur's invasions of Georgia), and again between 1446 and 1452.
Georgia | Imereti | ||
Picture | Name | Picture | Name |
---|---|---|---|
David VII Ulu, the Cunning 1259–1270 |
David VI Narin, the Strong (David I of Imereti) 1259–1293 | ||
Demetrius II 1270–1289 Son of David VII Ulu Also known as Saint Demetrius the Self-Sacrificier | |||
Vakhtang II 1289–1292 Son of David VI Narin | |||
David VIII 1293–1311 Son of Demetrius II |
Constantine I 1293–1327 Son of David VI Narin | ||
George V the Magnificent
(the Illustrious, the Shadow King of Tbilisi, the Brilliant) | |||
Vakhtang III 1302–1308 Son of Demetrius II Also installed by the Mongols in replacement of his brothers | |||
George VI the Minor 1311–1313 Son of David VIII Installed by the Mongols, with his uncle George V as regent | |||
George V the Magnificent
(the Illustrious, the Shadow King of Tbilisi, the Brilliant) | |||
Michael 1327–1329 Brother of Constantine I | |||
Bagrat I the Little 1329–1330 Son of Michael | |||
Reintegrated into Georgia in 1330 | |||
David IX 1346–1360 Son of George V |
Part of the Georgian Kingdom | ||
Bagrat V the Great 1360–1393 or 1395 Son of David IX | |||
Part of the Georgian Kingdom until 1387 | |||
Alexander I 1387–1389 Son of Bagrat I | |||
George I 1389–1396 Son of Bagrat I | |||
George VII 1393–1407 or 1395–1405 Son of Bagrat V | |||
Constantine II 1396–1401 Son of Bagrat I, brother of George I | |||
Demetrius I 1401–1412 Son of Alexander I of Imereti After 1412, he accepts Georgian suzerainty and rules Imereti as Duke | |||
Constantine I 1405 or 1407–1412 Son of Bagrat V | |||
Alexander I the Great 1412–1442 Son of Constantine I |
Part of the Georgian Kingdom | ||
Vakhtang IV 1442–1446 Son of Alexander I |
Part of the Georgian Kingdom | ||
George VIII 1446–1465 Brother of Vakhtang IV |
Part of the Georgian Kingdom in 1446-1463 | ||
Bagrat VI 1465–1478 Grand-son of Constantine I In control of Kartli and Imereti, but not Kakheti |
Under control of Bagrat VI | ||
Constantine II 1478–1505 Son of Demetrius III Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1490, he was subsequently titled King of Kartli |
Alexander II 1478–1510 Son of Bagrat VI Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1483 (in concurrence with his rival Constantine II) |
Kings of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti (1490–1762)
In 1490, after several decades of dynastic infighting, a national council agreed on the division of the Kingdom of Georgia into three kingdoms. The Kings of Georgia retained the largest portion of the divided kingdom which reverted to its old name of Kartli. Imereti and Kakheti emerged as the other two Bagrationi kingdoms created out of the division.
Imereti | Kartli | Kakheti | |||
Picture | Name | Picture | Name | Picture | Name |
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Alexander II 1478–1510 Son of Bagrat VI Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1483 (in concurrence with his rival Constantine II) |
Constantine II 1478–1505 Son of Demetrius III Titled "King of Georgia" between 1478 and 1490, King of Kartli between 1490 and 1505 |
Alexander I 1476–1511 Son of George VIII of Georgia, who reigned in Kakheti as George I between 1465 and 1476 | |||
David X 1505–1525 Son of Constantine II | |||||
Bagrat III 1510–1565 Son of Alexander II |
George II "the Wicked" 1511–1513 Son of Alexander I | ||||
Annexed by Kartli between 1513 and 1520 | |||||
Levan (or Leon) 1520–1574 Son of George II | |||||
George IX 1525–1527 (or 1534) Son of Constantine II, brother of David X | |||||
Luarsab I 1527–1556 (or 1534–1558) Son of David X, nephew of George IX | |||||
Simon I 1556 (or 1558)–1569 Son of David X, nephew of George IX First reign | |||||
George II 1565–1585 Son of Bagrat III | |||||
David XI (Daud Khan) 1569–1578 Son of David X, brother of Simon I | |||||
Alexander II 1574–1601 Son of Levan First reign | |||||
Simon I 1578–1599 Son of David X, brother of David XI Second reign | |||||
Leon (or Levan) 1585–1588 Son of George II | |||||
Rostom 1588–1589 Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon First reign | |||||
Bagrat IV 1589–1590 Great-grandson of Alexander II | |||||
Rostom 1590–1605 Grandson of Bagrat III, cousin of Leon Second reign | |||||
George X 1599–1606 Son of Simon I | |||||
David I 1601–1602 Son of Alexander II | |||||
Alexander II 1602–1605 Son of Levan, Father of David I Second reign | |||||
Constantine I (Constantine Khan) 1605 Son of Alexander II | |||||
George III 1605–1639 Brother of Rostom |
Luarsab II 1606–1615 Son of Simon I |
Teimuraz I (also known as Tahmuras Khan) 1605–1648 Son of Alexander II Deposed by the Persians between 1616 and 1625, and 1633 and 1634, during which years Kakheti was under Persian governorship. | |||
Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan) 1615–1619 Son of David XI (Daud Khan) | |||||
Simon II (Semayun Khan) 1619–1630 Son of Bagrat VII (Bagrat Khan) | |||||
Kartli part of Teimuraz's Kingdom of Kakheti between 1630 and 1634 | |||||
Rostom (Rustam Khan) 1633–1658 Son of David XI (Daud Khan) | |||||
Alexander III 1639–1660 Son of George III | |||||
Annexed by Kartli between 1648 and 1656, then under direct Persian rule until 1664. | |||||
Bagrat V 1660 (March–September) Son of Alexander III First reign |
Vakhtang V (Shah-Nawaz Khan) 1658–1675 Adoptive son of Rostom, born Bagration-Mukhrani | ||||
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili 1660–1661 Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan First reign | |||||
Archil 1661–1663 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli First reign | |||||
Demetrius of Guria 1663–1664 Duke of Guria, briefly in power of all Imereti | |||||
Bagrat V 1664–1668 Son of Alexander III Second reign |
Archil 1664–1675 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli | ||||
Vakhtang Tchutchunashvili 1668 Lover of the Queen Dowager Nestan Darejan Second reign | |||||
Bagrat V 1668–1678 Son of Alexander III Third reign | |||||
Archil 1678–1679 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Second reign |
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II) 1675–1688 Son of Vakhtang V First reign |
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān) 1675–1676 Grandson of Teimuraz I First reign | |||
Bagrat V 1679–1681 Son of Alexander III Fourth reign |
Under direct Persian administration between 1676 and 1703 | ||||
George IV (Gurieli) 1681–1683 Prince of Guria, seized the crown of Imereti | |||||
Alexander IV 1683–1690 Son of Bagrat V First reign | |||||
Heraclius I (Erekle I, Nazar Alī Khān) 1688–1703 Grandson of Teimuraz I of Kakheti | |||||
Archil 1690–1691 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Third reign | |||||
Alexander IV 1691–1695 Son of Bagrat V Second reign | |||||
Archil 1695–1696 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Fourth reign | |||||
George V 1696–1698 Put on the throne by the powerful Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze | |||||
Archil 1698–1699 Son of Vakhtang V of Kartli Fifth reign | |||||
Simon 1699–1701 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1701–1702 Prince of Guria, son of George IV First reign | |||||
George VI 1702–1707 Prince Giorgi-Malakia Abashidze |
George XI (Shah-Nawaz Khan II) 1703–1709 Son of Vakhtang V Second reign |
David II (Imām Qulī Khān) 1703–1720 Son of Heraclius I | |||
George VII 1707–1711 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV First reign | |||||
Kaikhosro 1709–1711 Grandson of Vakhtang V, nephew of George XI | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1711–1712 Prince of Guria, son of George IV Second reign |
Interregnum, regency (actually since 1703) of the future Vakhtang VI | ||||
George VII 1712–1713 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV Second reign | |||||
Mamia (Gurieli, "the Great", "the Black") 1713–1714 Prince of Guria, son of George IV Third reign | |||||
George VII 1714–1720 Illegitimate son of Alexander IV Third reign Exiled between 1716 and 1719, regency of the Abashidze family |
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha) 1714–1716 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro First reign | ||||
Vakhtang VI ("the Scholar", "the Lawgiver") 1716–1724 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro and Jesse | |||||
George VIII (Gurieli) 1720 Prince of Guria, son of Mamia | |||||
Alexander V 1720–1741 Son of George VII First reign | |||||
Constantine II (Mahmād Qulī Khān) 1722–1732 Son of Heraclius I | |||||
Jesse (Ali-Quli Khan, Mustafa Pasha) 1724–1727 Grandson of Vakhtang V, brother of Kaikhosro Second reign | |||||
Direct administration by the Ottoman Empire (1727–1735), then by the Persian Empire (1735–1744) | |||||
Teimuraz II 1732–1744 Son of Constantine II | |||||
George IX 1741–1742 Son of George VII, brother of Alexander V | |||||
Alexander V 1742–1752 Son of George VII, brother of George IX Second reign | |||||
Teimuraz II 1744–1762 King of Kakheti (1732–1744), son of Constantine II of Kakheti |
Heraclius II (or Erekle II) 1744–1762 Son of Teimuraz II | ||||
Solomon I 1752–1766 Son of Alexander V First reign | |||||
Kings of Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti (1762–1810)
The process of unification of Kartli and Kakheti was initiated in 1744, when Teimuraz II of Kakheti was confirmed as King of Kartli by the Persians, and left Kakheti to his son Heraclius II. It was fulfilled in 1762, when Teimuraz II died, and Heraclius joined the two crowns. The Russian southward expansion would however cut short this evolution; Kartli-Kakheti became a Russian protectorate in 1783 by the Treaty of Georgievsk, and was annexed in 1801 following the death of George XII. Imereti kept its independence a few years longer, until 1810.
Imereti | Kartli-Kakheti | ||
Picture | Name | Picture | Name |
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Solomon I 1752–1766 Son of Alexander V First reign |
Heraclius II (or Erekle II) 1762–1798 Son of Teimuraz II | ||
Teimuraz 1766–1768 Grandson of George VII, cousin of Solomon I | |||
Solomon I 1768–1784 Son of Alexander V Second reign | |||
David II 1784–1789 Son of George IX First reign | |||
Solomon II (David-Salomon) 1789–1790 Nephew of Solomon I First reign | |||
David II 1790–1792 Son of George IX Second reign | |||
Solomon II (David-Salomon) 1792–1810 Nephew of Solomon I Second reign | |||
George XII 1798–1800 Son of Heraclius II | |||
After George XII's death, and before Prince David could ascend the throne, Russia fully integrated Kartli-Kakheti into the Empire and abolished the monarchy. Imereti would be similarly annexed in 1810, as Solomon II was deposed. | |||
Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced to flee the country and live in exile after the Red Army took control of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1921 and installed the Georgian Communist Party. Since Georgia regained independence in 1990 the former royals have raised their profile, and in 2008 the two rival branches of the dynasty were united in marriage.[2]
Timeline of Georgian monarchs
See also
References
- ↑ Ended by Russia's annexation
- ↑ The Bagrationi (Bagration) Dynasty History
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