Television in Finland
Television was introduced in Finland in 1957. Color television started in 1969. Prior to 1986, Yle monopolized the Finnish television. All terrestrial analogue stations stopped broadcasting on 1 September 2007 after introducing digital television; cable providers were allowed to continue analog broadcasting in their networks until 1 March 2008.
Typically, foreign-language content is subtitled, retaining the original language soundtrack. Foreign programming intended for children is, however, usually dubbed into one of the national languages. Regardless of the intended audience, many shows receive a Finnish and/or Swedish title which is used in programme schedules.
Digital terrestrial
Digital terrestrial television was launched on 21 August 2001. The analogue networks continued its broadcasts alongside the digital ones until 1 September 2007, when they were shut down nationwide.
Before the analogue switchoff, the terrestrial network had three multiplexes: MUX A, MUX B and MUX C. MUX A contained the channels of the public broadcaster Yleisradio and MUX B was shared between the two commercial broadcasters: MTV3 and Nelonen. MUX C contained channels of various other broadcasters. After the analogue closedown, a fourth multiplex named MUX E was launched.
In addition the free-to-air broadcasts, two companies are providing encryption cards for pay television: Canal Digital and PlusTV. Canal Digital was the first to launch, originally only offering four Canal+ channels (the Disney Channel was added later on). PlusTV was launched in November 2006, originally only broadcasting MTV3 Max and Subtv Juniori (later on adding Subtv Leffa and Urheilu+kanava). Both packages got more channels with the launch of MUX E in September 2007: SVT Europa and MTV3 Fakta was added to PlusTV and KinoTV was added to Canal Digital, while Discovery Channel, Eurosport, MTV Finland and Nickelodeon were added to both packages.
September 2007 also saw the launch of the SveaTV package in Ostrobothnia which broadcasts channels from Sweden.
On the digital platform, subtitling isn't a part of the video stream in Yle's programming, but is delivered as a separate data stream, which allows subtitling in multiple languages and the option to remove subtitles. Due to technical problems with the subtitles, many people cancelled their television licenses. This meant that Yle had to make drastic budget cuts. The digital channel YLE Extra was closed on 31 December 2007 and was replaced by Yle TV1+, a simulcast of TV1 with subtitles included in the video stream. TV1+ was closed on 4 August 2008 due to its low viewing share.[1]
Cable
Analogue cable television were switched off in Finland on 1 March 2008, but digital cable television is widespread all over the country and its infrastructure used for cable internet services.
Finnish major cable operators are DNA, Welho and TTV operating in Turku, Helsinki and Tampere areas. All pay television uses digital broadcasts, DVB-C set-top boxes have been available since 2001. Commercial HDTV broadcasting has also started with only a small amount of programming made in native HD, while most of the feed is upscaled from the SD feed.
Satellite
Digital satellite television started in Nordic countries, and also in Finland, by Multichoice Nordic pay-TV platform during 1996. First set-top boxes available were manufactured by Nokia and Pace. After that service merged with Canal Digital which started late 1997. Competing pay television Viasat and Yle's channel TV Finland started digital broadcasts in 1999.
Canal Digital launched some HDTV channels, like Discovery HD, on their digital paytv-package during 2006. Pan-European HDTV-channel Euro1080 HD1 is available also in Finland.
Other technologies
After test period during 2005-2006, commercial mobile pay television service based on the DVB-H standard started simultaneously with the digital switchover in September 2007. Around at the time were Yle, MTV3, Nelonen and The Voice TV, which also broadcast extra feeds and interactive content to mobile users. The DVB-H technology was quietly killed off in the beginning of 2012.
Most major cablecos are offering digital television via ADSL and 3G/4G LTE nowadays, but Maxivision has been the only IPTV operator in the country since its inception.
List of channels
All Yle channels are broadcast free-to-air and so are a few commercial ones including MTV3, Nelonen, Sub, Jim, TV5, FOX and Kutonen. Yle channels are state owned and are funded by a ring fenced so-called "Yle tax".
Most of the channels are the same throughout mainland Finland. In Ostrobothnia and the Åland islands there is an extra multiplex available which provides encrypted channels from Sweden, along with respective local stations,[2] and of course due to overlapping signals, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian and Estonian stations are able to be seen near the border areas and vice versa.
DVB-T Channels
| No. | Channel Name | Free-to-air | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Yle TV1 | Yes | documentaries, news, politics, satire, series, films |
| 2. | Yle TV2 | Yes | news, sport, entertainment, series, films, children's programming |
| 3. | MTV3 | Yes | films, series, sports, news |
| 4. | Nelonen | Yes | films, series, sports, news |
| 5. | Yle Fem | Yes | programming by the Swedish department of Yle and SVT World's, news, series, films, documentaries |
| 6. | Sub | Yes | imported series, films, reality, chat shows |
| 7. | Yle Teema | Yes | culture, science, education, arts, documentaries, films |
| 8. | Liv | Yes | women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries |
| 9. | Jim | Yes | men's programmes, reality, documentaries |
| 10. | TV5 | Yes | entertainment, films, series, documentaries |
| 11. | Kutonen | Yes | men's programmes, music, films, series, documentaries |
| 12. | FOX | Yes | series, films, documentaries |
| 13. | AVA | Yes | women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries |
| 14. | Hero | Yes | imported series and films |
| 16. | Frii | Yes | women's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, documentaries |
| 17. | Harju & Pöntinen | Yes | Schlager music |
| 18. | Estradi | Yes | short-term broadcasts |
| 36. | AlfaTV | Yes | programmes for minorities, religious programmes (20:00 - 22:30 hrs. only, full-time on DVB-T2 channel 15) |
| 40. | MTV Max | No | sports, outdoors, documentaries, programming for men |
| 42. | MTV Leffa | No | films (20:00 - 06:00 hrs. only) |
| 43. | MTV Juniori | No | children's programming |
| 44. | Discovery Channel | No | documentaries, science |
| 45. | Eurosport | No | sports, teleshopping |
| 46. | MTV Nordic | No | entertainment, music videos (13:00 - 07:00 hrs. only) |
| 47. | Nelonen Pro 1 | No | sports |
| 48. | Nelonen Pro 2 | No | sports |
| 49. | Nelonen Prime | No | films, series (19:00 - 06:00 hrs. only) |
| 50. | Nelonen Nappula | No | children's programming |
| 51. | Nelonen Maailma | No | nature, science, documentaries |
| 52. | Disney Channel | No | children's programming (07:00 - 13:00 hrs. only) |
| 53. | C More First | No | films |
| 54. | C More Series | No | series, films |
| 55. | MTV Sport 1 | No | sports |
| 58. | Nick Jr. | No | children's programming |
| 68. | 0700 11111 deitti | Yes | adult entertainment |
| 69. | Digiviihde.fi | No | adult entertainment |
Upcoming DVB-T channels
| Channel Name | Free-to-air | Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
DVB-T2 channels
| No. | Channel Name | Free-to-air | Description | HD | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15. | AlfaTV HD | Yes | programmes for minorities, religious programmes | Yes | UHF |
| 20. | TV Etusivu | Yes | information channel | No | UHF |
| 21. | Yle TV1 HD | Yes | High-definition simulcast of Yle TV1 | Yes | VHF |
| 22. | Yle TV2 HD | Yes | High-definition simulcast of Yle TV2 | Yes | VHF |
| 23. | MTV3 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of MTV3 | Yes | VHF |
| 25. | Yle Fem HD | Yes | High-definition simulcast of Yle Fem | Yes | VHF |
| 27. | Yle Teema HD | Yes | High-definition simulcast of Yle Teema | Yes | VHF |
| 59. | Nelonen Pro 1 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Nelonen Pro 1 | Yes | VHF |
| 60. | Nelonen Pro 2 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Nelonen Pro 2 | Yes | VHF |
| 64. | Viasat Sport | No | sports | No | UHF |
| 65. | Viasat Hockey | No | ice hockey | No | UHF |
| 66. | Viasat Sport Finland | No | ice hockey | No | UHF |
| 67. | Viasat Golf | No | golf | No | UHF |
| 80. | Investigation Discovery | No | documentaries, science | No | UHF |
| 83. | Eurosport 2 | No | sports | No | UHF |
| 84. | National Geographic | No | nature, history, documentaries | No | UHF |
| 85. | Animal Planet | No | nature, documentaries | No | UHF |
| 89. | Disney Junior | No | children's programming | No | UHF |
| 90. | Disney XD | No | children's programming | No | UHF |
| 92. | MTV Max HD | No | High-definition simulcast of MTV Max | Yes | VHF |
| 93. | MTV Fakta | No | science, documentaries | No | UHF |
| 94. | C More Hits | No | films | No | UHF |
| 95. | C More First HD | No | High-definition simulcast of C More First | Yes | VHF |
| 96. | MTV Sport 1 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of MTV Sport 1 | Yes | VHF |
| 97. | MTV Sport 2 | No | sports | No | UHF |
| 98. | MTV Sport 2 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of MTV Sport 2 | Yes | VHF |
| 101. | Nelonen Pro 1 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Nelonen Pro 1 | Yes | VHF |
| 102. | Nelonen Pro 2 HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Nelonen Pro 2 | Yes | VHF |
| 103. | Nelonen Pro 3 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 104. | Nelonen Pro 4 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 105. | Nelonen Pro 5 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 106. | Nelonen Pro 6 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 107. | Nelonen Pro 7 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 108. | Nelonen Pro 8 | No | Broadcasts from the Finnish Elite League | No | UHF |
| 111. | Viasat NHL Xtra 1 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 112. | Viasat NHL Xtra 2 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 113. | Viasat NHL Xtra 3 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 114. | Viasat NHL Xtra 4 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 115. | Viasat NHL Xtra 5 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 116. | Viasat NHL Xtra 6 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 117. | Viasat NHL Xtra 7 | No | Broadcasts from the NHL | No | UHF |
| 119. | Viasat Hockey HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Viasat Hockey | Yes | VHF |
| 120. | Viasat Sport Xtra | No | sports | No | UHF |
| 121. | Viasat Sport Finland HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Viasat Sport Finland | Yes | VHF |
| 123. | Viasat Golf HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Viasat Golf | Yes | VHF |
| 124. | Viasat Film Family HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Viasat Film Family | Yes | VHF |
| 125. | Viasat Film | No | films | No | UHF |
| 126. | Viasat History | No | history | No | UHF |
| 127. | Viasat Film HD | No | High-definition simulcast of Viasat Film | Yes | VHF |
Upcoming DVB-T2 channels
| Channel Name | Free-to-air | Description | HD | Frequency | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Defunct stations
| Tesvisio | (1956–1965) | Finland's first television station. Tesvisio was bought by Yle in 1964. The channel formed Yle TV2 in 1965 together with its sister station Tamvisio. |
| Tamvisio | (1957–1965) | Tesvisio's sister channel in Tampere area. The channel formed Yle TV2 in 1965 together with its sister station Tesvisio. |
| MTV | (1957–1992) | The predecessor of MTV3. Rented air time from Yle and Kolmoskanava. |
| Kolmoskanava | (1986–1992) | The predecessor of MTV3 owned by Yle, MTV and Nokia and also the first nationwide commercial television station. |
| PTV | (1989–1997) | The predecessor of Nelonen. By far the only consortium of local television stations with networked programming in Finland. Broadcast on cable and for the last few months also on analogue terrestrial. |
| TVTV! | (2000–2001) | The predecessor of Sub. |
| ATV | (1999–2002) | Local Gonzo-journalistic cable-channel in Helsinki area. |
| MoonTV | (1997–2003) | Urban culture cable channel in largest cities. The channel was shut down after its parent company filed for bankruptcy. |
| MTV3+ | (2002–2006) | Additional programming, interactive entertainment. Replaced by MTV3 Max in November 2006. |
| Nelonen Plus | (2003–2007) | Additional programming, interactive entertainment. Replaced by Jim in February 2007. |
| YLE24 | (2001–2007) | The 24-hour news channel of Yle, also Finland's first DTT channel. Simulcasted BBC News 24, Voice of America and Euronews outside broadcast hours. Discontinued in April 2007, replaced by YLE Extra. Euronews, VOA and BBC News bulletins have since moved to a graveyard slot on TV1. |
| YLE Extra | (2007) | Live events and youth entertainment channel of Yle. Television counterpart of the radio station YleX, which it often simulcasted outside normal broadcasting hours. Also simulcasted BBC Three without subtitles when premiering new British comedy shows. Discontinued in December 2007, replaced by YLE TV1+. |
| YLE TV1+ | (2008) | A simulcast of TV1 with no DVB subtitles, but having them burnt into the video stream. Discontinued in August 2008 to give additional space to broadcast the Beijing Olympics. |
| Diggari | (2004–2009) | Cable channel broadcasting cheap entertainment, mobile games, limited amounts of local programming and horse racing. Also worked as a barker channel for pay-TV-channels provided by cableco Finnet, which also owned Diggari. Focused operating outside the Helsinki area. Had an extra channel broadcasting nothing but mobile games for two years. |
| Urheilukanava | (2001–2010) | Sports channel, replaced by Nelonen Sport in February 2010 and further by Nelonen Pro 2 in January 2011. |
| Urheilu+kanava | (2007–2010) | Pay sports channel complementing Urheilukanava, replaced by Nelonen Sport Pro in February 2010 and further by Nelonen Pro 1 in January 2011. |
| klubi.tv | (2007–2011) | Music channel. Broadcast during the night. Discontinued in January 2011 |
| 3D-TV | (2011) | 3D test broadcasts from February 2011 to March 2011 |
| SuomiTV | (2009–2012) | General entertainment channel with Christian content, replaced by FOX in April 2012. |
| MTV3 Scifi | (2008–2012) | Discontinued in August 2012 |
| MTV Sarja | (2008–2014) | Discontinued in March 2014 |
| MTV Komedia | (2010–2014) | Discontinued in March 2014 |
| MTV Fakta XL | (2012–2014) | Discontinued in March 2014 |
| URHOtv | (2009–2014) | Sports channel. Discontinued in April 2014 due to financial problems. |
| HUVI1 & HUVI2 | (2014) | Short term pilot channels. Broadcast from September 2014 to November 2014 |
| Estradi HD | (2012-2015) | High-definition simulcast of Estradi |
| HD Life | (2014-2015) | Entertainment and lifestyle HD channel. Broadcast from June 2014 to August 2015. |
| AdultTV.fi | (2011-2015) | Adult entertainment channel. Broadcast from January 2011 to December 2015. |
| Livechat.fi | (2015) | Adult entertainment channel. Discontinued in December 2015. |
| Harju&Pöntinen HD | (2015) | High-definition simulcast of Harju&Pöntinen. Broadcast from June 2015 to December 2015. |
Viewing shares
| Channels | 1988 [3] |
1989 [3] |
1990 [3] |
1991 [3] |
1994 [4] |
1995 [5] |
1996 [5][6] |
1997 [5][6] |
1998 [5][7] |
1999 [5][8] |
2000 [5][9] |
2001 [5][10] |
2002 [5][11] |
2003 [5][12] |
2004 [5][13] |
2005 [5][13] |
2006 [14] |
2007 [15] |
2008 [16] |
2009 [17] |
2010 [18] |
2011 [19] |
2012 [20] |
2013 [21] |
2014 [22] |
2015 [23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yle TV1 | 34 | 36 | 33 | 33 | 25 | 25 | 26.7 | 25.4 | 25 | 23 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 23.6 | 23.3 | 24.6 | 24.5 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 21.9 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 24.8 | 26.0 | 26.4 | 28.5 |
| Yle TV2 | 23 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 21.5 | 23.0 | 21 | 21 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 21.8 | 20.0 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 20.0 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 18.9 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 10.5 |
| MTV3 | 46 | 46 | 44.6 | 43.6 | 42.2 | 42 | 40.4 | 39.1 | 37.0 | 38.1 | 34.7 | 32.6 | 29.0 | 25.7 | 22.9 | 22.8 | 21.6 | 21.8 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 17.4 | 18.0 | ||||
| Nelonen[nb 1] | 2.7 | 3.5 | 7 | 10 | 11.5 | 11.6 | 11.6 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 8.0 | ||||||
| Yle Fem[nb 2] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
| Sub[nb 3] | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.2 | ||||||||||
| Yle Teema | 0.6 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Liv | 0.7 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Jim[nb 4] | 0.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||
| TV5[nb 5] | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Kutonen[nb 5] | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||
| FOX[nb 6] | 0.7 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| AVA[nb 7] | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hero | 0.1 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frii | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MTV Total Pay TV | 0.2 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||||
| Discovery Channel | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Music TV | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
| Nelonen Pay TV | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| Nelonen Sport[nb 8] | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yle Extra[nb 9] | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ January 1990 - May 1997 PTV4
- ↑ 1988 - August 2006 YLE FST. FST's output was included in the programming of YLE's two main television channels, YLE TV1 and YLE TV2. August 2001 - March 2012 YLE FST5
- ↑ February 2000 - August 2001 TVTV!. August 2001 - January 2008 Subtv
- ↑ February 2002 - February 2007 Nelonen Plus
- 1 2 The Voice and TV5 operated in same channel from September 2008 to April 2011. March 2004 - August 2012 The Voice
- ↑ December 2009 - April 2012 SuomiTV.
- ↑ March 2008 - January 2011 MTV3 AVA.
- ↑ August 2001 - February 2010 Urheilukanava.
- ↑ August 2001 - April 2007 YLE24.
Combined viewing shares
Combined viewing shares for all channels from different television companies in 2015.
| Company | Share |
|---|---|
| Yleisradio | 43.1% |
| MTV Oy | 27.3% |
| Nelonen Media | 15.1% |
| Discovery Networks Finland | 6.6% |
| Fox International Channels | 3.5% |
| Viacom International Media Networks | 0.4% |
| Others | 4.0% |
References
- ↑ "Ylen TV1+ - palvelu päättyy elokuussa" [Yle's TV1+ - service ends in August] (in Finnish). Digita Oy. 2008-07-11. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
- ↑ "SveaTV-kanalplatser". VLT. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- 1 2 3 4 "Television:Television: channel shares 1999 - 2009 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
columns: B, C, D, E
- ↑ "Television: Television: channel shares 1994 - 2004 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Television: Television: channel shares 1995 - 2005 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 9 November 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- 1 2 "Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group - Annual Report 1997" (PDF). Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group. 1998. p. 21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑ "Alma Media - Annual Report 1998" (PDF). Alma Media. 1999. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑ "TV:n katseluosuudet minuuteista" (in Finnish). Archive.org: Finnpanel. 8 March 2000. Archived from the original on 9 March 2001. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ↑ "Alma Media - Annual Report 2000" (PDF). Alma Media. 2001. p. 29. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑ "Alma Media - Annual Report 2001" (PDF). Alma Media. 2002. p. 22.
- ↑ "YLE-kertomukset 2002" (in Finnish). Yleisradio. 2003. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ↑ "YLE-kertomukset 2003" (in Finnish). Yleisradio. 2004. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- 1 2 "Finnpanel - TV:n katseluosuudet minuuteista" (in Finnish). Archive.org: Finnpanel. 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- "Television: Television: channel shares 1996 - 2006 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 21 November 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- "Television in Finland 2007" (PDF). Finnpanel. 2008-01-16. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- Sandell, Lena; Lamberg, Anna-Leena (2009-01-27). "Television viewing in Finland 2008" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- Sandell, Lena; Lamberg, Anna-Leena (2010-02-03). "Television viewing in Finland 2009" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- Sandell, Lena (2011-02-01). "Television viewing in Finland 2010" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑
- "Channel Share and Weekly Reach". Finnpanel. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
- "Television katselu Suomessa 2011" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
- ↑ "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
- ↑ "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- ↑
- "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- "Television katselu Suomessa 2014" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ↑
- "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- Sandell, Lena. "TV-katselu Suomessa 2015" (PDF). Finnpanel. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
External links
- Ficora - Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority
- Digita - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
- DNA - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
- Finnpanel - Measures TV viewing and radio listening
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