List of Apollo missions

Green dots indicate locations of Apollo landings on the moon

The Apollo program included both manned and unmanned space missions, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned Moon landings between 1969 and 1972.

Launch vehicles

Four Apollo rocket assemblies, drawn to scale: Little Joe II, Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V.

The Apollo program used four types of launch vehicles:

• Little Joe II - unmanned suborbital launch escape system development.
• Saturn I - unmanned suborbital and orbital hardware development.
• Saturn IB - preparatory unmanned missions, and Apollo 7, the first manned (Earth orbit) mission.
• Saturn V - unmanned and manned earth orbit and lunar missions.

The Marshall Space Flight Center, which designed the Saturn rockets, referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA), while Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS. Dates given below are dates of launch.

Unmanned missions

From 1961 to 1968, the Saturn launch vehicles and components of the Apollo spacecraft were tested in unmanned flights.

Saturn I

Launch escape system (LES) tests

From August 1963 to January 1966 a number of tests were conducted for development of the launch escape system (LES). These included simulated pad aborts, which might occur while the Apollo-Saturn space vehicle was still on the launch pad, and flights on the Little Joe II rocket to simulate Mode I aborts which might occur while the vehicle was in the air.

LES pad abort tests

Pad Abort Test with boilerplate command module

LES tests with the Little Joe II rocket

Unmanned Apollo-Saturn IB and Saturn V

Some incongruity in the numbering and naming of the first three unmanned Apollo-Saturn (AS), or Apollo flights, is due to the posthumous honorary renaming of the flight which would have been AS-204, to Apollo 1. This manned flight was to have followed the first three unmanned flights. After the fire which killed the AS-204 crew on the pad during a test and training exercise, unmanned Apollo flights resumed to test the Saturn V launch vehicle and the Lunar Module; these were designated Apollo 4, 5 and 6. The first manned Apollo mission was thus Apollo 7. Simple "Apollo" numbers were never assigned to the first three unmanned flights, although renaming AS-201, AS-202 and AS-203 as Apollo 1-A, Apollo 2 and Apollo 3, had been briefly considered.^[1]

Manned Apollo missions

Block I crew positions for Apollo 1 were designated Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot. Corresponding Block II positions were designated Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot (regardless of whether or not a Lunar Module was present on the mission.)

A total of fifteen Saturn V vehicles were ordered (through AS-515), which would have been enough for three more Moon landing missions through Apollo 20. This flight was cancelled during the first Apollo 11 landing mission, to make the launch vehicle available for the Skylab space station. Shortly thereafter, Apollo 18 and 19 were cancelled in response to Congressional cuts in NASA's budget.

Several of the missions involved extravehicular activity (EVA), "space walks" or "Moon walks" outside of the spacecraft. These were of three types: testing the lunar EVA suit in Earth orbit (Apollo 9), exploring the lunar surface, and retrieving film canisters from the Scientific Instrument Module stored in the Service Module.

Mission	Rocket	LV Serial No	Commander	Sr Pilot/ CM Pilot	Pilot/ LM Pilot	CM Name	LM Name	Launch Date	Launch Time	Duration
Apollo 1 (AS-204)	Saturn IB	AS-204	Grissom	White	Chaffee	N/A	No LM	21 February 1967 (Planned)	N/A	N/A
	Never launched. On 27 January 1967, a fire erupted in the Apollo command module during a test on the launch pad, destroying the module and killing astronauts Grissom, White, and Chaffee. The Saturn 1B launch vehicle, serial number AS-204, was undamaged and later used for the Apollo 5 mission.
Apollo 7	Saturn IB	AS-205	Schirra	Eisele	Cunningham	N/A	No LM	11 October 1968	15:02 GMT	10d 20h 09m 03s
	A test flight of the Block II CSM in Earth orbit, Apollo 7 was the first manned Apollo flight and the first manned flight of the Saturn IB. It was the only manned Apollo launch not from LC 39. It included the first live TV broadcast from an American spacecraft.
Apollo 8	Saturn V	AS-503	Borman	Lovell	Anders	N/A	No LM	21 December 1968	12:51 GMT	06d 03h 00m 42s
	Apollo 8 was the first manned circumlunar flight of the CSM (10 orbits in 20 hours) and the first manned flight of the Saturn V. The crew were the first humans to see the far side of the Moon and earth rise over the lunar horizon with their own eyes. Live television pictures were broadcast to Earth.
Apollo 9	Saturn V	AS-504	McDivitt	Scott	Schweickart	Gumdrop	Spider	3 March 1969	16:00 GMT	10d 01h 00m 54s
	During 10 days in Earth orbit, Apollo 9 conducted the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module, demonstrating its propulsion and ability to rendezvous and dock with the CSM. An EVA tested the Portable Life Support System (PLSS).
Apollo 10	Saturn V	AS-505	Stafford	Young	Cernan	Charlie Brown	Snoopy	18 May 1969	16:49 GMT	08d 00h 03m 23s
	In this "dress rehearsal" for the lunar landing, Apollo 10's Lunar Module was flown manned around the Moon and descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) without landing.
Apollo 11	Saturn V	AS-506	Armstrong	Collins	Aldrin	Columbia	Eagle	16 July 1969	13:32 GMT	08d 03h 18m 35s
	On July 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module performed the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility, overcoming navigation errors and computer alarms. Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin performed a single EVA in the direct vicinity of the LM.
Apollo 12	Saturn V	AS-507	Conrad	Gordon	Bean	Yankee Clipper	Intrepid	14 November 1969	16:22 GMT	10d 04h 36m 24s
	Following two lightning strikes on the spacecraft during launch, with brief loss of fuel cells and telemetry, Apollo 12 performed the first precise manned landing on the Moon in the Ocean of Storms near the Surveyor 3 probe. In two EVAs, the astronauts recovered portions of Surveyor and returned them to Earth. First controlled LM ascent stage impact after jettison; first use of deployable S-band antenna; lunar TV camera damaged by accidental exposure to sun.
Apollo 13	Saturn V	AS-508	Lovell	Swigert	Haise	Odyssey	Aquarius	11 April 1970	19:13 GMT	05d 22h 54m 41s
	Intended to land at Fra Mauro, Apollo 13's mission was aborted after an SM oxygen tank exploded on the trip to the moon, causing the landing to be cancelled. After a single loop around the moon, the LM was used as crew "lifeboat" for safe return. First S-IVB stage impact on Moon as active seismic test.
Apollo 14	Saturn V	AS-509	Shepard	Roosa	Mitchell	Kitty Hawk	Antares	31 January 1971	21:03 GMT	09d 00h 01m 58s
	After docking problems, a faulty LM abort switch and delayed landing radar acquisition, Apollo 14's LM landed successfully at Fra Mauro. First color video images from the surface of the Moon, first materials science experiments in space, and two EVAs, in one of which Shepard performed a golf shot.
Apollo 15	Saturn V	AS-510	Scott	Worden	Irwin	Endeavour	Falcon	26 July 1971	13:34 GMT	12d 07h 11m 53s
	Apollo 15, landing at Hadley–Apennine was the first "J series" mission with a 3-day lunar stay and extensive geology investigations. First use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, driving 17.25 miles (27.8 km); 1 lunar "standup" EVA, 3 lunar surface EVAs and deep space EVA on return to retrieve orbital camera film from SM.
Apollo 16	Saturn V	AS-511	Young	Mattingly	Duke	Casper	Orion	16 April 1972	17:54 GMT	11d 01h 51m 05s
	After a malfunction in a backup CSM yaw gimbal servo loop delayed the landing and reduced CSM time in lunar orbit, Apollo 16's LM landed in the Descartes Highlands. No ascent stage deorbit due to malfunction; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA.
Apollo 17	Saturn V	AS-512	Cernan	Evans	Schmitt	America	Challenger	7 December 1972	05:33 GMT	12d 13h 51m 59s
	The final Apollo lunar mission landed at Taurus–Littrow. Schmitt, a geologist, was the first professional scientist to go on a NASA mission. First night launch; 3 lunar EVAs and deep space EVA. As of 2016, the last manned spaceflight beyond low Earth orbit.

Cancelled missions

Post-Apollo missions using Apollo hardware

Unmanned missions

Manned missions

Launch Complex utilization

• Launch Complex 34 - SA-1, SA-2, SA-3, SA-4, AS-201, AS-202, AS-204 (Apollo 1), AS-205 (Apollo 7)
• Launch Complex 37B - SA-5, AS-101, AS-102, AS-103, AS-104, AS-105, AS-203, AS-204 (Apollo 5)
• Launch Complex 39A - AS-501 (Apollo 4), AS-502 (Apollo 6), AS-503 (Apollo 8), AS-504 (Apollo 9), AS-506 (Apollo 11), AS-507 (Apollo 12), AS-508 (Apollo 13), AS-509 (Apollo 14), AS-510 (Apollo 15), AS-511 (Apollo 16), AS-512 (Apollo 17)
• Launch Complex 39B - AS-505 (Apollo 10).

References

External links

• NASA page on Apollo Missions
• National Space Science Data Center (Goddard Space Flight Center): Apollo Program with links to books on Program
• Space.com List of Apollo Missions.
• www.astronomytoday.com List of Missions
• Project Apollo (photo) Archive

See also

Missions of the Apollo program Rocket tests SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 AS-203 Abort tests QTV Pad Abort Test-1 A-001 A-002 A-003 Pad Abort Test-2 A-004 Boilerplate tests AS-101 AS-102 AS-103 AS-104 AS-105 Unmanned missions AS-201 AS-202 Apollo 4 Apollo 5 Apollo 6 Skylab 1 Low Earth orbit missions Apollo 7 Apollo 9 Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Lunar orbit missions Apollo 8 Apollo 10 Lunar landing missions Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Failed missions Apollo 1 (AS-204) Apollo 13 List of missions Mission types Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 Canceled missions

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