Lipetsk

Lipetsk (English)
Липецк (Russian)
-  City[1]  -

In Lipetsk

Location of Lipetsk Oblast in Russia
Lipetsk
Location of Lipetsk in Lipetsk Oblast
Coordinates: 52°37′N 39°36′E / 52.617°N 39.600°E / 52.617; 39.600Coordinates: 52°37′N 39°36′E / 52.617°N 39.600°E / 52.617; 39.600
Coat of arms
Flag
Anthem none[2]
City Day Third Sunday in July[3]
Administrative status (as of December 2014)
Country Russia
Federal subject Lipetsk Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast,[1] Lipetsky District,[1] Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1]
Municipal status (as of December 2014)
Urban okrug Lipetsk Urban Okrug[4]
Administrative center of Lipetsk Urban Okrug,[4] Lipetsky Municipal District[4]
Head[5] Mikhail Gulevsky[6]
Representative body Council of Deputies[5]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 508,887 inhabitants[7]
- Rank in 2010 36th
Population (January 2014 est.) 509,719 inhabitants[8]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[9]
Founded 1703[10]
City status since September 27, 1779[10]
Postal code(s)[11] 398000–398002, 398004–398007, 398011, 398013–398017, 398019, 398020, 398024–398027, 328029, 328032, 328035–328038, 328040–328043, 328046, 328048, 328050, 328054–328056, 328058, 328059, 328070, 328700, 328899, 328910, 328999
Dialing code(s) +7 4742
Official website
Lipetsk on Wikimedia Commons
Lipetsk population
2010 Census 508,887[7]
2002 Census 506,114[12]
1989 Census 449,635[13]
1979 Census 395,638[14]

Lipetsk (Russian: Липецк; IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtsk]) is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 508,887.[7]

History

Monument to Peter the Great

Lipetsk was first mentioned in the 13th century chronicles. The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig and Liepāja.[15] In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols.

The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703,[10] when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells. On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status.[10] It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate.

In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty.

In the mid-1920s, the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr) of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the U.S.S.R. took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.[16]

Administrative and municipal status

Lipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.[4]

Economy

The principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing.

The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) with approximately 48,000 employees and an 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion.[17] Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River.

Transportation

Bus in Lipetsk, 2007

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.[18] Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. The municipality aspires to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It has negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.[19]

Health care

Lipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking.

Education

Lipetsk State Academic Drama Theater named after Leo Tolstoy

Lipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges.

Military

MiG-19 on the plinth in front of 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation

At the Lipetsk Air Base north of the town, the 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk.

The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin.

The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport.

Twin towns and sister cities

Lipetsk is twinned with:

Country City Start
Germany Germany Cottbus[20] 1974
China China Anshan 1992
Italy Italy Fabriano 2003
Ukraine Ukraine Vinnytsia

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Law #382-OZ
  2. ↑ Article 3 of the Charter of Lipetsk states that the city may have its own anthem; however, as of 2015 no anthem has been adopted.
  3. ↑ Charter of Lipetsk, Article 4
  4. 1 2 3 4 Law #536-OZ
  5. 1 2 Charter of Lipetsk, Article 5
  6. ↑ Official website of Lipetsk. Mikhail Vladimirovich Gulevsky, Head of Lipetsk (Russian)
  7. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  8. ↑ Lipetsk Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности городского и сельского населения по городским округам и муниципальным районам (Russian)
  9. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  10. 1 2 3 4 Charter of Lipetsk, Article 1
  11. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  12. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  13. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России. (All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года (All-Union Population Census of 1979) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1979. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
  15. ↑ http://bibliotekar.ru/encMir/70.htm
  16. ↑ Wolf Oschlies: Symbiose der Geächteten. Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 38, 19. September 2009, p. 10
  17. ↑ Novolipetsk Steel posts $480 net loss for Oct.-Dec. 2008
  18. ↑ Train Station in Lipetsk (Russian)
  19. ↑
  20. ↑ "Our twin cities- Cottbus". http://www.cottbus.de/. Retrieved 2013-06-24. External link in |publisher= (help)

Sources

External links

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