Linz

For other uses, see Linz (disambiguation).
Linz

View of Hauptplatz, Linz

Coat of arms
Linz

Location within Austria

Coordinates: 48°18′N 14°17′E / 48.300°N 14.283°E / 48.300; 14.283Coordinates: 48°18′N 14°17′E / 48.300°N 14.283°E / 48.300; 14.283
Country Austria
State Upper Austria
District Statutory city
Government
 • Mayor Klaus Luger (SPÖ)
Area
 • Total 96.048 km2 (37.084 sq mi)
Elevation 266 m (873 ft)
Population (1 January 2014)[1]
 • Total 193,814
 • Density 2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal codes 4010, 402x, 4030, 404x
Area codes 0732, (also 070 until 2014-May-12)
Vehicle registration L
Website www.linz.at

Linz (/ˈlɪnts/; German pronunciation: [ˈlɪnt͡s]; Czech: Linec) is the third-largest city of Austria and capital of the state of Upper Austria (German: Oberösterreich). It is located in the north centre of Austria, approximately 30 kilometres (19 miles) south of the Czech border, on both sides of the River Danube. The population of the city is 193,814, and that of the Greater Linz conurbation is about 271,000. In 2009 Linz, together with the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, was chosen as the European Capital of Culture. Since December 1, 2014 Linz is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities (UCCN) network as a City of Media Arts. Cities receive this title for enriching the urban lifestyle through the sponsorship and successful integration of media art and involving society in these electronic art forms.[2] Linz is well known for the Linzer torte, which is said to be the oldest cake in the world, with its first recipe dating from 1653.

Geography

Linz is located in the centre of Europe, lying on the Paris–Budapest west–east axis and the Malmö–Trieste north–south axis. The Danube is the main tourism and transport connection that runs through the city.

Approximately 29.27% of the city’s 96 km2 (37 sq mi) wide area are grassland. Further 17.95% are covered with forest. All the rest areas fall on water (6.39%), traffic areas and land. [3]

Districts

Linz is divided into 9 districts and 36 statistical quarters. They are:

  1. Ebelsberg
  2. Innenstadt: Altstadtviertel, Rathausviertel, Kaplanhofviertel, Neustadtviertel, Volksgartenviertel, Römerberg-Margarethen
  3. Kleinmünchen: Kleinmünchen, Neue Welt, Scharlinz, Bergern, Neue Heimat, Wegscheid, Schörgenhub
  4. Lustenau: Makartviertel, Franckviertel, Hafenviertel
  5. Pöstlingberg:Pöstlingberg, Bachl-Gründberg
  6. St. Magdalena: St. Magdalena, Katzbach, Elmberg
  7. St. Peter
  8. Urfahr: Alt-Urfahr, Heilham, Hartmayrsiedlung, Harbachsiedlung, Karlhofsiedlung, Auberg
  9. Waldegg: Freinberg, Froschberg, Keferfeld, Bindermichl, Spallerhof, Wankmüllerhofviertel, Andreas-Hofer-Platz-Viertel

History

A statue of Johannes Kepler in Linz, located on a pathway between Saint Martin's Church and the Linz Schloss/castle
Hermann-Göring-Werke

The city was founded by the Romans, who called it Lentia.[4] The name Linz was first recorded in AD 799.

It was a provincial and local government city of the Holy Roman Empire, and an important trading point connecting several routes, on either side of the River Danube from the east to the west and Bohemia and Poland from north to the Balkans and Italy to the south. Being the city where the Habsburg Emperor Friedrich III spent his last years, it was, for a short period of time, the most important city in the empire.[5] It lost its status to Vienna and Prague after the death of the Emperor in 1493.

One important inhabitant of the city was Johannes Kepler, who spent several years of his life in the city teaching mathematics. He discovered, on 15 May 1618, the distance-cubed-over-time-squared — or 'third' — law of planetary motion. The local public university, Johannes Kepler University, is named after him.

Another famous citizen was Anton Bruckner, who spent the years between 1855 and 1868 working as a local composer and organist in the Old Cathedral, Linz. The Brucknerhaus is named after him.

Adolf Hitler was born in the border town of Braunau am Inn but moved to Linz in his childhood. Hitler spent most of his youth in the Linz area, from 1898 until 1907, when he left for Vienna. The family lived first in the village of Leonding on the outskirts of town, and then on the Humboldtstrasse in Linz. After elementary education in Leonding, Hitler was enrolled in the Realschule (school) in Linz, as was the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Notorious Holocaust architect Adolf Eichmann also spent his youth in Linz. To the end of his life, Hitler considered Linz to be his "home town",[6] and envisioned extensive architectural schemes for it, wanting it to become the main cultural centre of the Third Reich.[7] In order to make the city economically vibrant, Hitler initiated a major industrialisation of Linz shortly before, and during, the Second World War. In the second stanza of his famous poem, September 1, 1939, W.H. Auden links Hitler's childhood in Linz to the origins of the Second World War: "Accurate scholarship can / Unearth the whole offence / From Luther until now / That has driven a culture mad, / Find what occurred at Linz, / What huge imago made / A psychopathic god: / I and the public know / What all schoolchildren learn, / Those to whom evil is done / Do evil in return."

In addition to an ordnance depot, Linz has a benzol (oil) plant which was bombed during the Oil Campaign[8] on 16 October 1944. What was once the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp is 20 km (12 miles), east of the city of Linz.

Processing of the Nazi-Past

In 1996, the Council of the city decided to account for its Nazi-past. The widespread scientific workup, which was implemented by the municipal archives, comprises the period prior 1938 to the denazification after 1945. Linz became the first city in Austria, which intensively dealt with its own Nazi past. As the project was presented in May 2001, seven scientific publications, online presentations and numerous lectures were possessed as a final result. The culture of remembrance is also manifested in the completion of monuments and memorials for the victims of National Socialism. Especially since 1988, numerous places of memento were created in public space. Also renaming of streets reflect the confrontation with the Nazi past: In 1945, immediately after the end of the Nazi dictatorship, 39 streets in Linz were renamed, whereas from 1946 to 1987, only two streets were renamed. However, since 1988, 17 new traffic areas were named after victims of National Socialism or resistance fighters. In the recent past a number of Nazi victims and activists who fight Nazism were highly awarded by the city of Linz. Simon Wiesenthal, who founded in 1945 his first Jewish Documentation Center in Linz, was conferred a distinction on his work for the remembrance of victims of World War II.

Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Linz developed from the seal image, which is used as emblem since 1242. Even this seal image already showed the open city gate flanked by two crenellated towers on rocky ground. From 1288 on, the gate is shown standing on water. The coat of arms shows a red plate, which has a castle with twin towers on it. Those towers are crowned with three crenellation. The towers include an open door, above the door the red-white- red shield of Austria is attached. Gate and towers symbolize the medieval fortified city. The wavy bars indicate the position of the city near the Danube. The Austrian shield is a reference to the former territorial city.

Population

The urban area includes (parts of) 13 other municipalities with together 271,000 inhabitants. Linz is also part of the Linz-Wels-Steyr metropolitan area of Upper Austria, home to around one third of the state's population (460,000 people) and second-largest urban area in Austria.[9][10] Linz has a total number of about 157,000 jobs. However, only half of vacant jobs can be covered by its inhabitants. This enormous job surplus causes a correspondingly high rate of commuters from the surrounding communities of Linz, resulting in enormous traffic problems.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
190083,356—    
1951184,685+121.6%
1961195,978+6.1%
1971204,889+4.5%
1981199,910−2.4%
1991203,044+1.6%
2001183,504−9.6%
2006188,968+3.0%
2011189,845+0.5%
2015198,181+4.4%
Largest groups of foreign residents[11]
Nationality Population (2015)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,860
 Turkey 3,366
 Romania 3,348
 Germany 2,880
 Croatia 2,203
 Kosovo 1,848
 Serbia 1,749
 Hungary 1,417
 Russia 1,284
 Macedonia 1,036
 Afghanistan 914

Climate

Climate data for Linz
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.8
(58.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 28.0
(82.4)		 31.0
(87.8)		 34.2
(93.6)		 36.2
(97.2)		 36.2
(97.2)		 31.4
(88.5)		 25.3
(77.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 13.4
(56.1)		 36.2
(97.2)
Average high °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)		 4.3
(39.7)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.6
(58.3)		 20.4
(68.7)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.5
(76.1)		 19.7
(67.5)		 14.1
(57.4)		 6.6
(43.9)		 3.1
(37.6)		 13.9
(57)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7)		 0.7
(33.3)		 5.1
(41.2)		 9.3
(48.7)		 14.6
(58.3)		 17.3
(63.1)		 19.1
(66.4)		 18.7
(65.7)		 14.4
(57.9)		 9.4
(48.9)		 3.8
(38.8)		 0.6
(33.1)		 9.4
(48.9)
Average low °C (°F) −2.8
(27)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 1.7
(35.1)		 5.1
(41.2)		 9.8
(49.6)		 12.6
(54.7)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.2
(57.6)		 10.7
(51.3)		 6.3
(43.3)		 1.7
(35.1)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 5.9
(42.6)
Record low °C (°F) −22.0
(−7.6)		 −18.0
(−0.4)		 −18.7
(−1.7)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 7.3
(45.1)		 6.1
(43)		 1.6
(34.9)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −22.0
(−7.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.7
(2.35)		 48.4
(1.906)		 64.2
(2.528)		 63.8
(2.512)		 70.9
(2.791)		 91.2
(3.591)		 107.0
(4.213)		 83.9
(3.303)		 63.2
(2.488)		 52.3
(2.059)		 62.1
(2.445)		 65.7
(2.587)		 832.4
(32.773)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 17.5
(6.89)		 13.1
(5.16)		 6.0
(2.36)		 0.6
(0.24)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 0.0
(0)		 4.9
(1.93)		 12.0
(4.72)		 54.1
(21.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.8 9.7 10.7 10.5 10.2 12.0 12.1 10.3 9.2 7.7 10.4 11.5 125.1
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 14.8 10.0 3.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 9.1 40.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 49.3 93.5 119.3 171.4 234.7 222.6 238.6 236.2 172.6 110.3 49.2 43.4 1,741.1
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[12]

Tourism

The hotel business is equipped with 4.544 beds – 2.302 are located in the ten four star hotels of the city. Nine hotels have three stars and count 1.226 beds. The seven two and one star hotels are equipped with 472 beds. 544 beds are not categorized for commercial businesses. Five star hotels are not available. In 2004 Linz counted 647.428 nights’ stay. In 2013 the number increased to 775.396. 363.425 of the overnight stays were located in the four star hotels, 226.647 in the three star hotels, 67.593 in the two and one star hotels and 53.194 stays can be counted to other accommodation.

544 gastronomy businesses are located in the city. Germans are the most frequent guests, followed by Italians, Dutchmen, Swiss – the ranking is equal to the overnight stay ranking.

Economy

Church of Saints Michael and Ursula, Linz
The Neues Rathaus (Linz Town Hall)
The Pöstlingberg Church in Linz
The Brucknerhaus
The Eisenbahnbrücke (railway bridge) at night, with the more modern VöestAlpine bridge in the background
TipsArena Linz, in Linz
The Lentos Art Museum
The Landestheater

Linz is one of the main economic centers of Austria. The Voestalpine AG is a large steel concern (founded as the "Hermann-Göring-Werke" during the Second World War), which is known for the LD- ("Linz-Donawitz") procedure for the production of steel. The former "Chemie Linz" chemical group has been split up into several companies. These companies have made Linz one of Austria's most important economic centres.

About 190,000 people are employed in Linz, which is almost twice as many employed persons who live in Linz. Therefore, Linz has to deal with a lot of commuter traffic. At a workday around 100,000 employed persons commute to Linz and about 18,500 out of Linz.

Furthermore, due to the fact that one of the four Donau-Harbors (Donauhäfen) in Austria is located in Linz, it constitutes an attractive location in regards to logistic and trading enterprises. Nonetheless manufacturing plants can – for instance - be found at the waterfront as well. The economic importance of Linz was founded over centuries in trade. Moreover, the long-standing image of Linz as an industrial city was a result of the National Socialism. As a result of this large industrial enterprises are still located in Linz nowadays. Great examples in regards to this are Voestalpine AG or “Chemie Linz” – as already mentioned above. From an economical perspective they represent a large number of jobs and of course industry related enterprises.

The Meeting Industry Report Austria (mira) ranks Linz as the third most important destination for congresses in Austria, with a share of 7,4 % in the total number of congresses, conferences and seminars held in Austria.[13] Linz has more than 60 congress and event venues. With the Blue Meeting® concept, the local tourism association has developed a conference format which focuses on individual needs of participants and adapts to the idea of green meetings, therefore supporting waste prevention, energy efficiency, climate-neutral travel and regional added value. [14]

Transport

Linz serves as an important transport hub for the region of both Upper Austria and, to a lesser degree, southern Bohemia.

The "Blue Danube" Linz Airport lies about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of the town centre, in the municipality of Hörsching. Direct flights include Frankfurt, Düsseldorf and Vienna with additional seasonal routes added during the summer and winter months. Ryanair flies to London Stansted Airport.

The city also has a central railway station (German: Hauptbahnhof) on Austria's main rail axis, the West railway, linking Vienna with western Austria, Germany and Switzerland. There are also varying types of river transport on the Danube, from industrial barges to tourist cruise ships.

Local public transport comprises the city tram network, the city trolleybus network and the city bus network, all operated by the Linz Linien division of Linz AG.[15] The city tram network includes the Pöstlingbergbahn, a steeply graded tramway which climbs a small mountain at the northwest edge of the town.

Public Safety

Police

The National Police Directorate forms the security authority for the city. The city’s police commands function as law enforcement agencies.

Fire Brigade

In Linz, one of six Austrian professional fire brigades is located. Four volunteer fire brigades (Ebelsberg, Pichling, Pöstlingberg, St. Magdalena) and nine company fire brigades complement Linz’ firemanship. Additionally, the national school of firemanship, which is subjected to the Upper Austrian fire-brigade federation, is located in Linz. In this school, all members of Upper Austrian fire brigades are being educated.

Media

The newspaper Oberösterreichische Nachrichten has its head office in Linz.

Points of interest

Trinity on top of the Holy Trinity column

The main street "Landstraße" leads from the "Blumauerplatz" to "Taubenmarkt" (Pigeonmarket) near the main square. In the middle of the main square the high "Pestsäule" ("plague column", also known as "Dreifaltigkeitssäule" (Dreifaltigkeit means Holy Trinity)) was built to remember the people who died in the plague epidemics.[16][17]

Near the Schloss/castle, being the former seat of Friedrich the III — the oldest Austrian church is located: Sankt/Saint Martins church. It was built during early medieval Carolingian times.[18]

Other points of interest include:

Architecture

As many central European cities, the cityscape of Linz is characterized by small and several sacred buildings. The Mariä Empfängnis Dom or New Cathedral is the biggest church in Austria, not by height (it is roughly 2 metres shorter than the St. Stephen's Cathedral (Stephansdom) in Vienna), but by capacity.

The historic centre is characterised by its medieval architectural style, whereas in those parts of the city that border with the historic centre the architecture is of neoclassical, neo-baroque and neo-renaissance styles. Even further from the historic centre there are living areas, such as Franckviertel, Froschberg, Bindermichl and Kleinmünchen southern of the Danube and Alt-Urfahr northern of the Danube. These areas are where residential buildings can be found that are still referred to as "Hitlerbauten" or "Hitler buildings", because they were built during the interwar period and the time of Nazi dictatorship. The residential area called Gugl became a well liked living area among the wealthy at around 1900, which is why there are numerous villas still there today.

Amongst the newer buildings is the new Central Station, which was designed by Wilhelm Holzbauer and added the Terminal Tower skyscraper as part of a mixed-use complex. Between 2005 und 2011 it was voted Austria’s most beautiful railway station seven times in a row by the Verkehrsclub Österreich. The Wissensturm ("Tower of knowledge") with a height of about 63 metres, houses the public library and the Volkshochschule, an adult education centre. It was designed by Franz Kneidinger and Heinz Stögmüller and opened in 2007. The Lentos Art Museum, which opened in 2003, was designed by Zürich-based architects Weber & Hofer and the Musiktheater (music theatre), which opened in 2013, was designed by Terry Pawson.

Culture

The city is now home to a vibrant music and arts scene that is well-funded by the city and the state of Upper Austria. Between the Lentos Art Museum and the "Brucknerhaus", is the "Donaulände", which is also referred to as "Kulturmeile" ("culture mile"). This is a park alongside the river, which is used mainly by young people to relax and meet in summer. It is also used for the Ars Electronica Festival in early September and the "Linz Fest", which takes place annually in May.[24] In June, July and August the "Musikpavillon" is placed in the park where musical groups of different styles perform on Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays free of charge.
Linz has other culture institutions, such as the Posthof, which is near the harbour,[25] and the Stadtwerkstatt, which is by the River Danube.[26] The Pflasterspektakel, an international street art festival, takes place each year in July in and around the Landstraße and the main square.[27] Linz was the European Capital of Culture in 2009, along with Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania.[28]

On December 1, 2014 Linz was accepted into the international network of UNESCO Creative Cities (UCCN) as a City of Media Arts. Currently 69 cities worldwide are members of the Creative Cities network, which is divided into seven thematic categories: literature, film, music, folk art, design, media art and gastronomy. The title goes to cities which enrich urban life and successfully involve society in electronic art forms through the sponsorship and integration of media art.[2] Seven more cities can call themselves City of Media Arts: Enghien-les-Bains, Lyon, Sapporo, Dakar, Gwangju, Tel Aviv-Jaffa and York.[29]

The aim is therefore to maintain and represent the cultural diversity.[30] The 69 cities share their experiences and think about ways to cope with globalization. To create the most intensive discourse possible with the other creative cities, Linz has to do a self-evaluation after a few years. After three years the UNESCO evaluated whether Linz has fulfilled certain measures in the field of media art and may continue to use the title.[31] The Ars Electronica Center can be considered as the center of media art and attracts every year during its festival national and international guests to Linz.

Linz houses 43 galleries and exhibit rooms, 13 cultural centres, one club centre, as well as four educational institutes.

Museums

Music

Stadtwerkstatt Linz
Musiktheater Linz

The Brucknerhaus, a famous concert hall in Linz is named after Anton Bruckner. It is situated just some 200 metres away from the "Lentos". It is home to the "Bruckner Orchestra", and is frequently used for concerts, as well as balls and other events. It is also the venue of the "Linz Fest" which takes place annually in May as well as one of the venues during the Ars Electronica Festival in early September. In June, July and August the "Musikpavillon" is placed in the park where musical groups of different styles perform on Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays free of charge.[33]

The Musiktheater (music theatre) was opened in April 2013 and is considered to be one of the most modern opera houses in Europe. It offers five stages of varying sizes; the big hall ("Großer Saal") with 1,200 seats, the BlackBox with up to 270 seats, the BlackBoxLounge with up to 150 seats, the orchestra hall ("Orchestersaal") with up to 200 seats and another stage in the foyer ("FoyerBühne"). Performances at the Musiktheater include operas and typically Austrian operettas, ballets and musicals.[34]

The ensemble of the Landestheater (regional theatre) Linz used to perform musical productions as well as theatre productions at a venue located on the "Promenade" in the inner city of Linz (this venue is still referred to simply as "Landestheater"). Since the opening of the new Musiktheater, only theatre performances take place at the "Promenade" venue, whereas musical productions are shown in the Musiktheater. The Landestheater Linz is especially renowned for its theatre for young audiences called u\hof:.

The Kapu is a venue for various contemporary music styles, such as hip hop, noise rock and crust and also houses a cinema and a recording studio.[35]

The Posthof is one of the biggest event centres in Linz with three rooms offering up to 630 seats or standing room for about 1,200 people respectively in the big hall. The programme focuses on contemporary art and covers concerts, theatre, cabaret, dance and literature. Artists from Linz are regularly invited in order to improve the local cultural scene; e.g. bands from Linz get the opportunity to play as pre-bands alongside nationally and internationally known artists. Altogether a total of about 250 events take place at the Posthof each year with a total number of visitors of about 80.000.[36]

The Stadtwerkstatt is an independent association for culture and was founded in 1979. Its headquarters is located in the Urfahr district on the north bank of the Danube close to the Ars Electronica Centre and serves as venue for music events and other artistic and cultural activities. Situated at the same address is the Stadtwerkstatt’s own Café Strom, a café/bar popular amongst young adults.[37]

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote his Symphony No. 36 (1783) in Linz for a concert to be given there, and the work is known today as the Linz Symphony. He reportedly also composed his Piano Sonata 13 in B flat while in Linz, although it was published in Vienna. The first version of Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 1 in C minor is known as the Linz version.

Anton Bruckner was born in Ansfelden near Linz and spent several years working as a conductor and organist in Linz, where he also started to compose. The first version of Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 1 in C minor is known as the Linz version. The Brucknerhaus, a concert hall in Linz as well as its annual international Brucknerfest are named after him.

The musician and DJ Marcus Füreder, better known by his stage name Parov Stelar was born in Linz.

Cinema

The history of cinema and film begins in Linz in September 1896, when, as part of a variety program, a film program was shown in "Roithner's vaudeville" for the first time in Upper Austria. Until the next screening of a movie it took until 20 March 1897, when Johann Bläser’s travelling cinema guested in the "Hotel of the Golden Ship”.

Until the opening of the first cinemas with regular program, it took till the end of the year 1908. At that time, Karl Lifka opened his "Lifka's Grand Théâtre électrique" in that building, where already the very first film showing took place. Subsequently, the second cinema of Linz was opened a few months later.

As the owner of travelling cinemas, Johann Bläser, got settled in Linz, he bought the “Hotel of the Golden Ship”, and installed a cinema in it, the “Bio-Kinematograph”. The third stationary cinema, called “Kino Kolloseum”, in town was founded around 1910 by the vaudeville operator Karl Roithner. Its first location was the former festival hall at Hessenplatz.

Regular events

Other cultural institutions and venues

Colleges and universities

Amongst the many "Gymnasien" (high schools) in Linz, is Linz International School Auhof (LISA), which is one of four IB (International Baccalaureate) schools in Austria, and uses English as main language for instruction.

Leisure activities

Parks and gardens

Linz offers many parks and holiday areas: Lakes and public swimming pools: Pichlinger See, Pleschinger See, Weikerlsee, Biesenfeldbad, Hummelhofbad, Parkbad, Schörgenhubbad. One of the first public swimming pools was the former “Fabriksarm”, a Danube branch stream (from Parkbad to Winterhafen) that was filled up in 1890. Afterwards a makeshift at the “Obere Donaulände” was built, which existed until a flood in 1954. In 1901 the “Städtische Schwimmschule” (city swimming school) was built at the place of the former Parkbad.

Especially in densely built-up inner-city areas smaller parks are highly important for the inhabitants of Linz, the parks act as green oases. Along the main axis of the city center of Linz, the highway, several such small gardens are located. These are on the one handside the Landhaus Park, which has been redesigned as part of an underground car park construction until 2009, whereby the old trees have been preserved. In Addition, Hessenplatz or – park is located in the city center of Linz. Hessenplatz was the center of Neustadtviertel in 1884. Just off the highway Schiller Park is located, which replaced the Trainkaserne in 1909, and the Volksgarten, which was created in 1829 by an entrepreneur and bought up in 1857 by the city.

Sports

The EHC Black Wings Linz play professional ice hockey in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga.

Generali Ladies Linz is annual WTA Tour tennis tournament held in city.

Born in Linz

Living in Linz:

International relations

Twin towns — sister cities

Linz is twinned with:[54]

Partnerships and cooperations

Linz also has a partnership with:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Statistik Austria - Bevölkerung zu Jahres- und Quartalsanfang, 2014-01-01.
  2. 1 2 "LINZ - UNESCO City of Media Arts" (in German). Retrieved 2015-01-10.
  3. ↑ Stadtplanung Linz mit der Aufteilung der Flächennutzung, Mai 2014
  4. ↑ Paul Hofmann (1987-04-05). "Letting Linz Castle cast a spell". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
  5. ↑ Lundy, Darryl. "A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe". The Peerage. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  6. ↑ Kershaw, Ian. Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris. New York: Norton, 1998. p.15
  7. ↑ "Adolf Hitler's hometown in Austria has opened an exhibition...", BBC
  8. ↑ Samuel W. Mitcham (2007). Eagles of the Third Reich. Stackpole. p. 261. ISBN 9780811734059. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
  9. ↑ City of Linz Website statistik.at – Retrieved 31 October 2007
  10. ↑ Population linz.at/zahlen – Retrieved 31 October 2007
  11. ↑ "Linz in Zahlen". Stadt Linz. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
  12. ↑ "Klimadaten von Österreich 1971-2000 -Linz" (in German). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
  13. ↑ "LINZ AUCH IM KONGRESSBEREICH AUF ÜBERHOLSPUR" (in German). Retrieved 2015-01-29.
  14. ↑ "Tagungshandbuch 2014 web" (in German). Retrieved 2015-01-29.
  15. ↑ Linz Linien GmbH for Local Transport. Linz AG. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
  16. ↑ The Plague Column liwest.at – Retrieved 31 October 2007
  17. ↑ The top of the column linz.at – Retrieved 31 October 2007
  18. ↑ "St. Martin's Church, Linz (in English)". Linz City Tourist Board. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  19. ↑ "Mariendom (New Cathedral in Linz)". Mariendom. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  20. ↑ Brucknerhaus andreas-praefcke.de – Retrieved 31 October 2007
  21. ↑ "LASK". LASK. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  22. ↑ George Tabori. "Mein Kampf: Farce in fünf Akten" (in German). Landestheater. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  23. ↑ "Die Spielzeit 2007/2008". Landestheater. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  24. ↑ The Lentos homepage lentos.at – Retrieved 10 November 2007
  25. ↑ "Welcome Posthof 04 2008". Posthof. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  26. ↑ "Stadtwerkstadt". Stadtwerkstadt. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  27. ↑ "Pflasterspektakel Festival". Magistrat der Landeshauptstadt Linz. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
  28. ↑ "European Capital of Culture". Linz Tourist Board. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  29. ↑ "Creative Cities Network". Retrieved 2015-01-20.
  30. ↑ "UNESCO Creative Cities Beijing Summit". Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  31. ↑ "Linz, UNESCO City of Media Arts". Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  32. ↑ "Biologiezentrum Linz – größte naturkundliche Sammlung des Landes Oberösterreich" (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  33. ↑ "Musikpavillon im Donaupark, Nähe Brucknerhaus" (in German). Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  34. ↑ "Das Musiktheater am Volksgarten-Linz hat ein neues kulturelles Wahrzeichen" (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  35. ↑ "About". Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  36. ↑ "Posthof" (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  37. ↑ "Chronologie" (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  38. ↑ "Ars Electronica Festival – About". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  39. ↑ "Ars Electronica Festival" (in German). Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  40. ↑ "Bubble Days – das etwas andere Linzer Hafenfest" (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  41. ↑ "CROSSING EUROPE Festival History 2004-2014". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  42. ↑ "THE FESTIVAL OF REGIONS". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  43. ↑ "Brucknerfest – The Idea". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  44. ↑ "Festivals in Linz – Brucknerfest Linz" (in German). Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  45. ↑ "Mission Statement" (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  46. ↑ "Der 12. Borealis Linz Donau Marathon sprengt alle Teilnehmerrekorde" (in German). Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  47. ↑ "Pflasterspektakel 2014". Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  48. ↑ "Kirchschlag bei Linz - Schilifte Kirchschlag GmbH" (in German). Retrieved 2014-04-28.
  49. ↑ "Skigebiet Kirchschlag nördlich von Linz" (in German). Retrieved 2014-04-28.
  50. ↑ "Fred Astaire (1899–1987) aka Frederick Austerlitz". Hyde Flippo. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  51. ↑ "Doug Hammond biog". Doug Hammond. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  52. ↑ Sulzer, Balduin. "Das musikalische Nashorn" (in German). Gerhard Brössner. Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  53. ↑ "Andrew Edge". Andrew Edge. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
  54. ↑ "Sister Cities of Linz". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
  55. ↑ News Report concerning the Twinning with Linz
  56. ↑ Міста-побратими м. Запоріжжя [Twin Cities Zaporozhye]. City of Zaporizhia (in Ukrainian). Шановні відвідувачі і користувачі сайту. Archived from the original on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
  57. ↑ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.

Further reading

Published in the 19th century
Published in the 20th century

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Linz.
Wikisource has the text of the 1921 Collier's Encyclopedia article Linz.


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, February 14, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.