Lazarus Aaronson

Lazarus Leonard Aaronson (18 February 1895 – 9 December 1966), often published as L. Aaronson, was a British poet and lecturer in economics. He was the son of impoverished Orthodox Jewish parents who had immigrated to the East End of London from the Pale of Settlement in Eastern Europe. As a young man, he belonged to a group of Jewish friends today know as the Whitechapel Boys, many of whom later in life reached fame as writers and artist.

In his twenties Aaronson converted to Christianity and a large part of his poetry focused on his conversion and spiritual identity as a Jew and an Englishman. In total he published three collections of poetry – Christ in the Synagogue (1930), Poems (1933), and The Homeward Journey and Other Poems (1946) – and although he never achieved widespread recognition he gained a cult following of dedicated readers.

Though less radical in his use of language, he has been compared to his more renowned Whitechapel friend Isaac Rosenberg in terms of diction and verbal energy. Aaronson's poetry is characterised as more post-Georgian than modernistic, and reviewers have traced influences from both the English poet John Keats and Hebrew poets such as Shaul Tchernichovsky and Zalman Shneur in his writings.

Aaronson lived almost his whole life in London and spent most of his working life as a lecturer in economics at the City of London College. He married three times and had a son by his third wife. Upon retiring he moved to Harpenden, Hertfordshire, where he died from heart failure and coronary heart disease on 9 December 1966 at the age of 71. His poetry was not widely publicised, and he left many unpublished poems at his death.

Life

Aaronson was born on 18 February 1895[note 1] at 34 Great Pearl Street, Spitalfields in the East End of London to impoverished Orthodox Jewish parents who had immigrated from Vilna in the Pale of Settlement.[1][2] His father was Louis Aaronson, a master bootmaker, and his mother was Sarah Aaronson, née Kowalski. The young Aaronson attended Whitechapel City Boys' School and then gained a scholarship to attend Hackney Downs grammar school.[1]

His father emigrated to New York in 1905, and in 1912, everyone in the family followed, except the 17-year old Lazarus who remained in London. From then on he lived with the family of Joseph Posener at 292 Commercial Road in the East End. The area was then a hub of the Jewish diaspora, and at the turn of the 20th century, a quarter of its population were Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. Growing up in the East End, Aaronson was part of a group of friends today referred to as the Whitechapel Boys, all of whom were children of Jewish immigrants and shared literary and artistic ambitions.[3] Others in the group who, like Aaronson, later achieved distinction included John Rodker, Isaac Rosenberg, Joseph Leftwich, Samuel Winsten, Clara Birnberg, David Bomberg, and the brothers Abraham and Joseph Fineberg.[4] Aaronson was also involved in the Young Socialist League, where he and other Whitechapel Boys helped organise educational meetings on modern art and radical politics.[5]

The Stake

All that I am is staked on words.
Bless their meaning, Lord, or I become
Slave to the heavy, hollow, mindless drum.

Make me the maker of my words.
Let me renew myself in my own speech,
Till I become at last the thing I teach.

And let a taste be in my words,
That men may savour what is man in me,
And know how much I fail, how little see.

Let not my pleasure in my words
Forget the silence whence all speech has sprung,
The cell and meditation of the tongue.

And at the end, the Word of words,
Lord! make my dedication. Let me live
Towards Your patient love that can forgive

The blasphemy and pride of words
Since once You spoke. Your praise is there.
I mean it thus, even in my despair.

—The Homeward Journey and Other Poems, 1946

Having been diagnosed with tuberculosis and diabetes, Aaronson did not serve in the military during the First World War. Between 1913 and 1915 and again between 1926 and 1928 he studied economics at the London School of Economics, but he never completed his degree.

Aaronson remained a committed socialist throughout adulthood.[6] He was married three times; first to the actress Lydia Sherwood (1906–1989) between 1924 and 1931.[7] Aaronson filed for divorce on grounds of her adultery with the theatre producer Theodore Komisarjevsky, and the suit was undefended.[8] His second marriage, which occurred on 9 July 1938, to Dorothy Beatrice Lewer (1915–2005), also ended in divorce. She subsequently married the geriatrician Oscar Olbrich.[9] On 14 January 1950, Aaronson married Margaret Olive Ireson (1920–1981), with whom he had one son, David (born 1953).[1]

Around 1934 he began working as a lecturer in economics at the City of London College. Upon his retirement from the university in 1958/59, Aaronson was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of his more than twenty-five years of service.[1][10] He then moved with his family from London to Harpenden, Hertfordshire, where he later died from heart failure and coronary heart disease on 9 December 1966 at the age of 71. He was buried in the Westfield Road Cemetery, Harpenden.[1]

Poetry

Aaronson had literary ambitions from an early age, and by 1914, he was a contributing writer for the influential left-leaning weekly The New Age.[1] He was often published under the name L. Aaronson.[11] In the 1920s he converted to Christianity. His first collection of poems, Christ in the Synagogue, published by V. Gollancz in 1930, dealt to a large extent with his conversion and spiritual identity as a Jew and an Englishman. This subject would become a recurring theme in his numerous mystical poems.[7][12] Christ in the Synagogue reached only a small public and received less than a dozen reviews, but The Manchester Guardian, The Nation and Athenaeum, The Times Literary Supplement, and The New Age wrote favourably of it.[13]

Notwithstanding Aaronson's small readership, V. Gollancz published a second verse collection in 1933, titled Poems. Despite being little known to the general public, Aaronson gained a cult following of dedicated readers.[7] His third collection, The Homeward Journey and Other Poems, was published by Christophers in 1946.[12] Some of his works also appeared in journals and in anthologies such as the 1953 Faber Book of Twentieth Century Verse.

Since Aaronson's poetry does not display formal innovation, literature professor William Baker characterises him as "A post-Georgian rather than a modernist [poet]".[1] Baker further notes that Aaronson's poetry deals with several issues of his time, such as the rise of fascism and the Second World War, but points out that Aaronson did not directly write about the Holocaust.[1] Upon Aaronson's death the poet Arthur Chaim Jacobs compared him with Isaac Rosenberg, the more celebrated poet of the same Anglo-Jewish generation. According to Jacobs, Aaronson was "clearly influenced by him in terms of diction, and in a kind of verbal energy which runs through a lot of his poetry. But he was less radical than Rosenberg in his use of language, and tended towards Keatsian luxuriance and sweetness."[14] Although much of Aaronson's writings centred on his conversion to Christianity, Jacobs traces a continuing Hebraic mood in his poetry, writing that "His Christianity was hardly familiarly Anglican, and there is in his work an avowed sensuality which could in some ways be compared to that of modern Hebrew poets like Tchernikowsky or Shneur, or later, Avraham Shlonsky."[14]

Aaronson's poetry was not widely publicised, and he left many unpublished poems at his death.[1] Little scholarly attention have been paid to his life and poetry. In 1967 Jacobs stated that "Further assessment of his work awaits more substantial publication"[14] and about 40 years later Baker, who has written most extensively on Aaronson, named him among the Whitechapel intellectual writers and artists "today consigned to oblivion".[15]

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History, and some other sources, lists Aaronson's date of birth as 24 December 1894, while the later and more comprehensive entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography gives it as 18 February 1895.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Baker, William (May 2015). "Aaronson, Lazarus (1895–1966)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/105000. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  2. ↑ Robson, Jeremy (1966). "A Survey of Anglo-Jewish Poetry". Jewish Quarterly (Routledge) 14 (3): 7. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1966.10706502.
  3. ↑ Dickson, Rachel; MacDougall, Sarah (2004). "The Whitechapel Boys". Jewish Quarterly (Routledge) 51 (3): 29–34. doi:10.1080/0449010X.2004.10706848.
  4. ↑ Patterson, Ian (2013). "John Rodker, Julius Ratner and Wyndham Lewis: The Split-Man Writes Back". In Gasiorek, Andrzej; Reeve-Tucker, Alice; Waddell, Nathan. Wyndham Lewis and the Cultures of Modernity. Ashgate. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-4094-7901-7.
  5. ↑ Patterson, Ian (2013). "The Translation of Soviet Literature". In Beasley, Rebecca; Bullock, Philip Ross. Russia in Britain, 1880-1940: From Melodrama to Modernism. Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-966086-5.
  6. ↑ Zilboorg, Caroline (2001). The Masks of Mary Renault: A Literary Biography. University of Missouri Press. pp. 67–70, 87. ISBN 0-8262-1322-7.
  7. 1 2 3 Rubinstein, William D., ed. (2011). "Aaronson, Lazarus Leonard". The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4.
  8. ↑ "[In the Divorce Court, London, yesterday...]". The Glasgow Herald. 30 October 1931. p. 11.
  9. ↑ Denham, Michael John (September 2014). "Olbrich, Oscar (1901–1957)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/101342. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  10. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 41589. p. 15. 30 December 1958.
  11. ↑ Sutton, David (January 2015). "The Names of Modern British and Irish Literature" (PDF). Name Authority List of the Location Register of English Literary Manuscripts and Letters. University of Reading. p. 1. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  12. 1 2 Skolnik, Fred, ed. (2007). "Aaronson, Lazarus Leonard". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Volume 1 (second ed.). Gale Thomson. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2.
  13. ↑ Extracts of the reviews are reprinted in Aaronson, L. (1933). Poems. V. Gollancz.
  14. 1 2 3 Jacobs, Arthur Chaim (1967). "Lazarus Aaronson: Two Unpublished Poems". Jewish Quarterly 15 (1-2): 13. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1967.10703091.
  15. ↑ Baker, William (July 2010). "Reviewed Work: Whitechapel at War: Isaac Rosenberg and his Circle by Sarah MacDougall, Rachel Dickinson". The Modern Language Review 105 (3): 854.

Further reading

  • Baker, William; Roberts Shumaker, Jeanette (forthcoming). "Pioneers: E. O. Deutsch, B. L. Farjeon, Israel Gollancz, Leonard Merrick, and Lazarus Aaronson". The Literature of the Fox: A Reference and Critical Guide to Jewish Writing in the UK. AMS Studies in Modern Literature. AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-65531-0.
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