Lau, Gotland

Lau
The Castal adjacent Lau Church
Lau
Coordinates: 57°16′58″N 18°37′13″E / 57.28278°N 18.62028°E / 57.28278; 18.62028Coordinates: 57°16′58″N 18°37′13″E / 57.28278°N 18.62028°E / 57.28278; 18.62028
Country	Sweden
Province	Gotland
County	Gotland County
Municipality	Gotland Municipality
Area[1]
• Total	28 km2 (11 sq mi)
Population (2014)[2]
• Total	227
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Website	www.lau.se

Lau , is a settlement on the southeast coast of the island of Gotland, Sweden. Originally an island, it is now part of the main Gotland island due to the isostasy. It is mostly known for the good water from the spring Lau Käldu.

Etymology

The name Lau, in 1318 Law, means a "low meadow" or "meadow by water".^[3][4]

History

Lau dates back to Medieval times. It is the name of a larger area surrounding Lau Church, the Lau socken. It was originally part of the Burs thing, which in turn was in the southernmost of the three original districts (similar to ridings) that Gotland was divided into during the Middle Ages. In 1862, Lau became an independent municipality. In 1952, it was incorporated with Ljugarn municipality until all of Gotland became one municipality in 1971.^[5] The boatswains from Lau under the allotment system, were part of the Second Gotlandic Boatswains Company.^[6]

Isostasy

During the Stone Age, Lau was an oblong island where the inhabitants lived on the inside of the island's small points. A strait separated the Lau Island from the rest of Gotland. During the Bronze Age the isostasy elevated the land enough for a sand bank to form in the strait. The area became more populated and people settled down on the side of the island facing Gotland and along the bank.^[7]

The cross roads, where the road from the island met with the road along the coast, became a hub for the Lau socken. The area was high with a good view of the surrounding area, dry but with plenty of fresh water. This is where the first buildings in Lau for worship and assembly were built. The place is just west of the present-day graveyard. It is called Stavgard, a common name for places on Gotland where meetings were held during pre-Christian time.^[8]

The distribution of the farms in Lau was established during the Iron Age and has remained almost the same since then.^[7] During that time a hill fort, the remains of which can still be seen, was built at Botvidebackar on the northern tip of Lausbackars. It was protected on three sides by the steep slopes of the hill and on the fourth side was a dug moat with a bridge.^[9] During the 1890s, several of the smaller farms and fields were merged into larger units due to new land reforms.^[10]

Archeological finds and sites

There are grave mounds and stone ships from the Bronze Age in Lau. From the Iron Age, there are seven grave fields, house foundations, collapsed stone walls and groove stones.^{[11][12][13][14][4]} Two of the stone ships and a round grave are situated at Bandeläins täppu on the edge of Lausbackar. They are dated from about 900 BC. 100 m (330 ft) south of the stone ships is a standing stone.^[15]

Just north of Lau Church are the ruins from a "castal", or a defense tower. The tower was built during the 12th century, further additions to it were made during the 13th and 14th century and it is assumed that it was converted into an clergy house.^[16]

Geography

Lau is south of Ljugarn on the east coast of Gotland, at Lau Cove (Lauviken). The area is rural with farms and a forest by the coast.^[12][4][1]

Lau Islets

Off the coast of Lau are three islands, known as the Laus Holmar (the Lau Islets). Their names are Skarpholmen, Gräsholmen are Storholmen. The two first ones are owned by the Swedish government, and have been designated as bird reserves. The last one, Storholmen, is divided into allotments belonging to farms in Lau and Alskog. It is mainly used for grazing sheep. The lighthouse on Storholmen is called Storholms-Annika. When the Swedish Maritime Administration wanted to decommission it, the lighthouse was bought by the Lau Heritage Society since it was deemed vital for local pleasure crafts and fishermen. It is built on the foundation of an old sea mark and is solar-powered.^[17][18]

Lau Spring

The spring at Lau Hills, the Lau Käldu, has become a symbol for the socken. The spring is the most prominent of several sources emerging from the water-rich limestone and gravel hills of Lau. The spring was originally just some rivulets forming a brook. Later on the water was led through wood lined channels to a wooden trough. In 1918, the channels were replaced with iron pipes and a well house with a small fountain was built. A pond for watering livestock was also added. As of 2015, people from all of Gotland still come to fetch the renowned water from the spring.^[19]

On the east side of the Lau Hills, beside Lau Käldu and facing the sea is a small cave called the Godung Cave. Even though the cave is called a Stone Age cave, it is unlikely that it has ever been inhabited.^[20]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lau.

Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, Sweden Major settlements (localities): Burgsvik Fårösund Havdhem Hemse Klintehamn Lärbro Ljugarn Lövsta Norra Visby Roma Slite Stånga Tingstäde Väskinde Västerhejde Vibble Visby (seat) Minor settlements: Alva Ansarve and Tofta Austers and Sudergårda Barlingbo Bjärges and Nickarve Bjärs Björkhage Bro and Duss Brohagen and Lillåkre Burs Dalhem and Hallvide Eskelhem and Bringsarve Etelhem Follingbo Garde Gnisvärd and Smågårde Gothem Gute Hablingbo and Medebys Hangavar Hägdarve and Dede Hälge Högklint and Nygårds Hörsne Kappelshamn Katthammarsvik Klinte Kräklingbo Levide and Skinnarve Linde Lummelunda and Etebols Lye När Othem Othemars Rone Ronehamn Sanda and Lekarve Sjonhemsbacke and Haugbro Själsö Stenkumla Sylfaste and Lere Tofta strand Träkumla Valleviken Vänge Västergarn and Stora Mafrids Other settlements: Blåhäll Bläse Boge Brissund Bro1 Bunge Dalhem2 Eskelhem3 Fardhem Fole Follingbo4 Hablingbo5 Herrvik Kovik Langhammars Lau Levide6 Lickershamn Lokrume Lummelunda7 Mästerby Nisseviken Sanda8 Sigsarve Sundre Svajde Sylfaste9 Tofta10 Vamlingbo Vitvär Västergarn11 Lakes: Lake Ajke Lake Bästeträsk Lake Fardume Lake Hau Horsan Lojsta Lakes Lake Mjölhatte Norrsund Paviken Lake Tingstäde Stream: Gothemsån Islands: Asunden Enholmen Furillen Fårö Gotland Gotska Sandön Grunnet Heligholmen Hojskär Lau Islets Lilla Karlsö Skenholmen Stora Karlsö Ytterholmen Östergarnsholm Peninsulas: Faludden Norsholmen Närsholmen Näsudden S:t Olofsholm Hills: Grogarnsberget Östergarnsberget Parishes: Akebäck Alva, Hemse and Rone Barlingbo Björke Bunge, Rute and Fleringe Dalhem Eksta Endre Eskelhem-Tofta Fardhem Follingbo Forsa Fröjel Fårö Garde Gerum Gothem Havdhem Hejde Hejdeby Hoburg Klinte Levide Linde Lojsta När-Lau Othem-Boge Roma Sanda, Västergarn and Mästerby Sproge Stenkumla Stenkyrka Stånga-Burs Vall Hogrän and Atlingbo Visby domkyrkoförsamling Vänge Väskinde Väte Östergarn Notes: 1Part of Bro and Duss 2Part of Dalhem and Hallvide 3Part of Eskelhem and Bringsarve 4Part of Klinte and Follingbo norra and Klinte and Follingbo södra 5Part of Hablingbo and Medebys 6Part of Levide and Skinnarve 7Part of Lummelunda and Etebols 8Part of Sanda and Lekarve 9Part of Sylfaste and Lere 10Part of Ansarve and Tofta 11Part of Västergarn and Stora Mafrids Counties of Sweden Sweden