Landsort
 | |
| Location | Öja, Södermanland, Sweden |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 58°44′23″N 17°51′57″E / 58.7396°N 17.8658°ECoordinates: 58°44′23″N 17°51′57″E / 58.7396°N 17.8658°E |
| Year first constructed | 1689 |
| Year first lit | 1651 |
| Automated | 1963 |
| Deactivated | Active |
| Foundation | Stone |
| Construction | Stone, iron |
| Tower shape | cylindrical tower with conical upper end |
| Markings / pattern | White and red paint |
| Height | 25 metres (82 ft) |
| Focal height | 44.5 metres (146 ft) |
| Original lens | Open fire |
| Current lens | 3rd order Fresnel lens |
| Range | 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl. (5) 60 s |
| Admiralty number | C6584 |
Landsort, is a Swedish village and a lighthouse on the island of Öja. The tower was built in 1689, with an upper conical iron section added in 1870. Open fires have been lit here since a long time ago.
The first "real" lighthouse was lit in 1651 and, until the now-standing tower was built, a couple of different buildings were used as the lighthouse. The 1689 tower was constructed to carry an open fire which ran on coal. In 1840, a colza oil lamp was installed. The flame ran on paraffin from 1887, and in 1938 it was electrified. Today the Swedish Maritime Administration owns and runs the lighthouse.
Landsort traditionally marks the southernmost point of the Stockholm Archipelago.
Climate
The Swedish weather service SMHI operates a meteorological station at Landsort. The southern end of the island has a typical oceanic climate with several maritime features. One of those is the delayed summer (May and June are very cool compared to nearby mainland areas), called seasonal lag. Also there is a very low diurnal temperature variation, which often results in very mild nights year-round compared with nearby cities and towns. Winters are more prone to cold than summers are to heat, due to the possibility of coastal ice eliminating maritime moderation in winter months when inland temperatures are colder. During non ice-risk months, all-time lows are much milder than during adjacent months. These cold snaps are very rare. It is a distinct microclimate with relatively low precipation for the reference period of 1961-1990.[1]
In summer, Landsort is isolated from heat waves affecting the east coast, with temperatures rarely going above 25 °C (77 °F) and May temperatures often staying 10 degrees lower or more than during coastal or inland warm periods. Summers are rather short, with June being relatively chilly and rapid cooling starting from September onwards. In spite of the short and cool summer days, Landsort has never reported September frost, a very unusual occurrence for Swedish weather stations. The drastic cooling in winter months has resulted in an all-time cold record of −28 °C (−18 °F),[2] typical of inland locations, but the all-time record heat measured at just 29 °C (84 °F)[3] is comparatively low, especially since nearby Stockholm recorded 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) that very day in 1975.
| Climate data for Landsort | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.1 (43) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.9 (44.4) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.5 (52.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
5.7 (42.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.4 (−15.5) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−17.8 (0) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 35.4 (1.394) |
22.4 (0.882) |
22.9 (0.902) |
27.7 (1.091) |
26.0 (1.024) |
32.0 (1.26) |
41.2 (1.622) |
45.7 (1.799) |
47.7 (1.878) |
42.0 (1.654) |
49.6 (1.953) |
40.9 (1.61) |
433.4 (17.063) |
| Source #1: SMHI[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: SMHI Monthly Data 2002-2015[5] | |||||||||||||
References
- ↑ "Precipation normals 1961-1990". SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ↑ "January 2015 Weather Observations (Records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ↑ "August 2014 Weather Observations (Records section)" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ↑ "Precipation Normals 1961-1990 (Swedish)". Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Landsort code 8745).
- ↑ "Monthly and Yearly Statistics (Swedish)". SMHI. February 22, 2015.
- Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of Sweden: Nynäshamn Area". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 9 September 2008.