Guiyang

For other uses, see Guiyang (disambiguation).
Guiyang
贵阳市
Prefecture-level city

People's Square with Guiyang skyline on the background
Nickname(s): The Forest City, The Summer Capital of China, The Second Spring City

Location of Guiyang City (yellow) in Guizhou and the PRC
Guiyang

Location in China

Coordinates: 26°39′N 106°38′E / 26.650°N 106.633°E / 26.650; 106.633Coordinates: 26°39′N 106°38′E / 26.650°N 106.633°E / 26.650; 106.633
Country China
Province Guizhou
Government
 • Party Secretary Chen Gang
 • Mayor Liu Wenxin
Area
 • Prefecture-level city 8,034 km2 (3,102 sq mi)
 • Urban 2,403.4 km2 (928.0 sq mi)
 • Metro 2,403.4 km2 (928.0 sq mi)
Elevation 1,275 m (4,183 ft)
Population (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city 4,324,561
 • Density 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
 • Urban 3,037,159
 • Urban density 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
 • Metro 3,037,159
 • Metro density 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 550000
Area code(s) (0)851
Licence plate prefixes 贵A
Website http://www.gygov.gov.cn/

Guìyáng (Chinese: 贵阳) is the capital of Guizhou province of Southwest China. It is located in the centre of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and on the north bank of the Nanming River, a branch of the Wu River. The city has an elevation of about 1,100 meters. It has an area of 8,034 square kilometres (3,102 sq mi).[1] Its population was 4,324,561 at the 2010 census whom 3,037,159 [2] lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 7 urban districts.

History

An early-18th-century French map of Guiyang

The city was first constructed as early as 1283 AD during the Yuan dynasty. It was originally called Shunyuan (順元), meaning obeying the Yuan (the Mongol rulers).

Geography

Guiyang

"Guiyang", as written in Chinese
Simplified Chinese 贵阳
Traditional Chinese 貴陽
Hanyu Pinyin Guìyáng
Literal meaning The South of The Gui Mountain

Guiyang has grown rapidly since the 1990s. The city's heart is around the 大十字 (literally "Big Cross") which is a cross, resembling the Chinese character for ten, and 喷水池 (literally "Fountain Pool"), a traffic intersection, in the center of which used to be a large fountain until early 2010, it was paved over for better traffic.

Climate

Guiyang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), tempered by its low latitude and high elevation. It has cool winters and moderate-temperature summers; the majority of the year's 1,118 millimetres (44.0 in) of precipitation occurs from May to July. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.1 °C (41.2 °F) in January to 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 15.35 °C (59.6 °F). Rain is common throughout the year, with occasional flurries in winter. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 12 percent in January to 41 percent in August, the city receives only 1150 hours of sunshine, making it one of China's least sunny major cities. Average monthly relative humidity is consistently above 75% throughout the year. The moderate temperature together with other factors including air quality, wind speed, etc. made Guiyang to be ranked No.2 in the "Top 10 Summer Capitals of China".[3]

Climate data for Guiyang (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8)		 10.8
(51.4)		 16.1
(61)		 21.2
(70.2)		 24.1
(75.4)		 26.4
(79.5)		 28.3
(82.9)		 28.5
(83.3)		 25.1
(77.2)		 20.5
(68.9)		 15.9
(60.6)		 11.6
(52.9)		 19.8
(67.6)
Average low °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)		 4.0
(39.2)		 7.8
(46)		 12.7
(54.9)		 16.3
(61.3)		 19.1
(66.4)		 20.7
(69.3)		 20.2
(68.4)		 17.4
(63.3)		 13.3
(55.9)		 9.0
(48.2)		 4.7
(40.5)		 12.3
(54.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.5
(0.807)		 20.1
(0.791)		 32.8
(1.291)		 87.6
(3.449)		 164.6
(6.48)		 225.2
(8.866)		 177.0
(6.969)		 126.8
(4.992)		 100.1
(3.941)		 97.5
(3.839)		 47.4
(1.866)		 18.1
(0.713)		 1,117.7
(44.004)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 13.7 12.8 13.3 15.6 18.4 16.7 15.3 14.1 13.0 14.4 12.1 10.3 169.7
Average relative humidity (%) 80 78 76 75 76 78 77 76 76 77 77 76 76.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 41.2 47.1 81.8 103.5 108.4 104.2 154.4 167.1 119.4 91.4 69.0 62.4 1,149.9
Percent possible sunshine 12 15 22 27 26 25 37 41 32 26 21 19 26
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Administrative divisions

The entire Guiyang municipality currently consists of six districts, one county-level city and three counties. The districts are Nanming, Yunyan, Huaxi, Wudang, Baiyun and Guanshanhu. The county-city is Qingzhen and the counties are Kaiyang, Xifeng and Xiuwen.

Map
Division code[4] English Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[5] Seat Postal code Subdivisions[6]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communities Villages
520100 Guiyang 贵阳市 Guìyáng Shì 8034[7] Guanshanhu District 550000 49 29 48 18 460 1166
520102 Nanming District 南明区 Nánmíng Qū 209 Xinhua Road Subdistrict (新华路街道) 550000 15 4 1 139 29
520103 Yunyan District 云岩区 Yúnyán Qū 94 Guiwu Road Subdistrict (贵乌路街道) 550000 18 1 134 19
520111 Huaxi District 花溪区 Huāxī Qū 958 Guizhu Subdistrict (贵筑街道) 550000 8 2 9 5 42 170
520112 Wudang District 乌当区 Wūdāng Qū 686 Xintian Subdistrict (新天街道) 550000 2 3 5 2 19 74
520113 Baiyun District 白云区 Báiyún Qū 260 Dashandong Subdistrict (大山洞街道) 550000 4 3 2 2 31 56
520115 Guanshanhu District 观山湖区 Guānshānhú Qū 307 Jinyang Subdistrict (金阳街道) 550000 1 2 1 16 33
520121 Kaiyang County 开阳县 Kāiyáng Xiàn 2026 Chengguan (城关镇) 550300 6 10 3 13 108
520122 Xifeng County 息烽县 Xīfēng Xiàn 1037 Yongjing (永靖镇) 551100 4 6 1 13 161
520123 Xiuwen County 修文县 Xiūwén Xiàn 1076 Longchang (龙场镇) 550200 4 6 1 12 217
520181 Qingzhen 清镇市 Qīngzhèn Shì 1381 Hongfenghu (红枫湖镇) 551400 1 4 5 3 41 299

Economy

Guiyang is the economic and commercial hub of Guizhou Province. The GDP per capita was ¥46,108 (US$7445) in 2013.[8] The city is also a large center for retail and wholesale commercial activities with operations of major domestic and international general retailers such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, RT-Mart, Beijing Hualian, Parkson, and Xingli Group as well as consumer electronics and appliance sellers Gome and Suning. Wholesale operations include large regional produce, furniture, and industrial and construction machinery depots. Wal-Mart's southwest China regional vegetable and produce distribution center is located in Guiyang.

Hydro-electric power generators are located along the city's main rivers including the Wu River. By 2007, the city's hydro electric plants supplied over 70 percent of the city's electricity. Coal is mined in the locality of Guiyang and Anshun, and there are large thermal generating plants at Guiyang and Duyun, supplying electricity for a portion of the city's industry. A large iron and steel plant came into production in Guiyang in 1960, supplying the local machinery-manufacturing industry.

Guiyang has a sizable domestic pharmaceuticals industry, producing traditional Chinese as well as western medicines

Demographics

Blue areas represent significant Miao population while dark green represents Bouyei

Guiyang is populated by 23 different minorities, the most populous of which is the Miao people, in addition to the ethnic Han.

As of 2011, the total population of Guiyang municipality was 4.3 million, among which 2.9 million were urban residents.

Transport

Transportation in Guiyang consists of an extensive network of roads, railways, river and air transport as well as public transportation system with bus system and many taxis. Guiyang Urban Rail Transit has been constructed since 2011. Based on the current planning, the whole network is formed by the 8 lines. Line 1 will be operational in 2016.

Air

Guiyang is one of the important air transport hubs in Southwest China. Guiyang's main airport is the Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport (KWE) opened on May 28, 1997. It is located in east of Guiyang, 11 km (6.8 mi) away from the city center. The airport is connected to national and international destinations, such as Hong Kong, Taipei, Seoul (Charter), Phuket (Charter), Singapore (Charter), Bangkok, Taichung & Taitung (Charter), Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu. In 2010, the airport handled 6.2717 million passengers.

Railway

Guiyang is a railway hub in southwest China. The Guizhou–Guangxi Railway (built in 1959, modified 2009), the Sichuan–Guizhou Railway (completed 1965), the Guiyang–Kunming Railway (completed 1970), and the Hunan–Guizhou Railway (completed 1975) are intersecting in Guiyang Railway Station. This main southern railway station is being rebuilt in 2008.

The Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway began operations on December 26, 2014. Three more high-speed rail lines to Chongqing and Kunming, and Changsha will commence operations within the next few years. The high speed railway lines will provide rapid freight service from two rail yards, and passenger service from a new high-speed railway station, called Guiyang North Railway Station, in the city's Guanshanhu District.

Expressway

The city is located at the junction of four major segments of the national highway grid: the Gui–Huang, Gui–Zun, Gui–Bi, and Gui–Xin Expressways. The Gui-Huang Expressway (G60) links Guiyang with the cities and tourist areas of central and western Guizhou including Anshun, Guanling, and the Huangguoshu Waterfall. The expressway continues west to Yunnan Province as the Gui-Kun Expressway and terminates at Yunnan's capital city of Kunming. G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway runs north 180 km (110 mi) to Zunyi and is the most heavily travelled major highway in Guiyang. In Zunyi, the expressway becomes the Zunyi-Chongqing Expressway and runs a further 210 km (130 mi) north to Chongqing. G76 Xiamen–Chengdu Expressway links Guiyang with the regional cities of Bijie and Dafang in northwest Guizhou province, southeastern Sichuan province, and the Sichuan cities of Luzhou, Neijiang, and Chengdu—Sichuan's provincial capital. The Gui–Bi Expressway begins at an interchange with the Gui–Zun Expressway in the city's Xiuwen County approximately 20 km (12 mi) north of the city center, before terminating at the city of Bijie. In the city of Dafang, approximately 40 km (25 mi) east of Bijie, the Gui–Bi Expressway connects with the new Sichuan–Guizhou Expressway, a modern highway providing access to Luzhou and central Sichuan. The Gui–Xin Expressway begins at the junction of the Guiyang Outer Ring Road (G75, G60.01) and the Tang Ba Guan Road, approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of the city center. The Gui–Xin Expressway (G60, G75) runs east and southeast through the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (G76), passing through Guilin, before entering Guangdong, and terminating at Guangzhou. Approximately 170 km (110 mi) east of Guiyang in the regional city of Kaili, the Hunan-Guizhou Expressway (G56, G60) links with the Gui–Xin Expressway providing high-speed vehicular access to and from Guiyang to the eastern Guizhou city of Tongren before continuing through Hunan to the major cities of Huaihua, Changde, and Changsha. The China National Highway 210 also runs through Guiyang via Xifeng and Longli.

In 2009 Guiyang added a modern orbital expressway to its highway network. The Guiyang Outer Ring Road (Guiyang Orbital Highway) opened in December 2009 and is a six- to eight-lane divided high-speed expressway that provides efficient links to and from large employment centers in the Jinyang New District, Baiyun District, Huaxi District, the Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, the major multi-lane national highways, and the city's main roadways, allowing vehicular traffic to circumnavigate the heavy traffic of the city's inner city areas.

Transportation infrastructure of Guiyang
Platform 4 in Guiyang Station 
Interior of Guiyang Longdongpu International Airport 

Education

The city has a university, a teacher-training college, and a medical school.

Religion

On October 15, 1696, the city was made the seat of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Kweichow. This was suppressed in 1715 and restored in 1846. In 1924 it was renamed as the Apostolic Vicariate of Guiyang, and in 1946 it was promoted to its current status as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guiyang.

See also

References

  1. ↑ (simplified Chinese) "Profile of Guiyang". www.xzqh.org. Archived from the original on 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
  2. ↑ http://www.geohive.com/cntry/cn-52.aspx Statistics of China 2010 Census
  3. ↑ http://travel.sohu.com/20130709/n381114842.shtml
  4. ↑ 国家统计局统计用区划代码
  5. ↑ 《贵阳统计年鉴2011》
  6. ↑ 《中国民政统计年鉴2011》
  7. ↑ 国土资源局数字为8046.67平方公里
  8. ↑ http://www.elivecity.cn/html/jingjifz/2325.html

External links

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