Kosli language

Kosli (Odia: କୋଶଳୀ ଭାଷା Kosali), also known as Sambalpuri, is the western-variation of Odia language (also self-proclaimed as a language among the Odia languages).^[7]

Script

Sambalpuri is written in Odia alphabet.^[2][3][4][5]

Literature

No written literature was created in Kosli till the late nineteenth century. Ancient stone inscriptions, writing on copper plates, palm leaves are not available in this language. The first Kosli writing appeared in the year 1891 in the weekly magazine "Sambalpur Hiteisani" published from Debagarh.^[8] It was titled "Sambalpur Anchalar Praachin Kabitaa", written by"Madhusudan".Following is an excerpt from the poem:

"kaha go dUtI muin kenta karsin go

nandapua kAnhAke dekhle badA kAbA lAgsi go"

"disu thisi kaliA TarTar

pindhi thisi haldiA jarjar

dhob farfarTe jAnbArirTe beke ulei hesi go"

Then,

2 – "Jatan" wrote "Bhulaaman Chautisaa" between 1900 and 1910.

3 – "Chaitan Das" wrote "Chadhei Chautisaa" between 1900 and 1910.

4 – "Baalaaji Meher" wrote between 1910 and 1920 –
I- "Gundiaa",
II- "Gaud Gaman",
III- "Kumbhaar Pasraa",
IV- "Sunari Pasaraa".

5 – "Lakshman Pati" wrote between 1915 and 1925 -
I- Aadi Bandanaa,
II- Munush Baran,
III- Maaejhi Baran,
IV- Bhuliaa Pasaraa,
V- Kanrraa Pasaraa,
VI- Kharraa Pasaraa,
VII- Teli Pasaraa,
VIII- Sabar leelaa.

6-"Kapil Mahaapaatar" wrote "Gaunliaa Raamaayana" between 1925 and 1930.

In this way, between 1891 and 1947, a total of 35 poets wrote 64 poems only.^[9] The period up to 1891 A.D. can be termed as the dark age in the history of Sambalpuri literature. From 1891 to 1970 can be termed as the infant stage of Sambalpuri literature as very few Sambalpuri literature was produced during this period. Only after 1970 there was an awakening to develop the language. Satya Narayan Bohidar was the first man who not only created Sambalpuri literature but also encouraged others to write in Sambalpuri. He also proved in many literary forums that Sambalpuri is a separate language. From 1970 onwards people of Western Orissa realized that Sambalpuri is a separate language and literature can be produced in this language. More and more people engaged themselves in creating Sambalpuri literature. A brief account of the contribution of Samalpuri writers, whose contribution has enriched Samalpuri literature is given here. It is neither feasible nor desirable to give an exhaustive list of writers and books of Sambalpuri language. Only those writers, whose work have boosted the development of Sambalpuri literature or enhanced the image of Sambalpuri literature is mentioned below.

1. Satya Narayan Bohidar (1913–1980) – His first poem “Anubhuti” was published in 1931. He wrote 119 poems and one short Sambalpuri Grammar book, named " Sankhipta Samalpuri Vyakaran ".^[10]
2. Khageswar Seth – He wrote "Paerchha Sati" (1949).
3. Indramani Sahu (1923–2006) – He wrote “Jharmali” (1953), " Kosali Ramayan " (1997)
4. Nil Madhab Panigrahi – A strong proponent of Sambalpuri language, He gave up writing Oriya for his love for mother tongue, Sambalpuri. He founded, published and edited “Nisan”, a Sambalpuri literary magazine which popularized Sambalpuri language and generated many Sambalpuri writers. He founded “Nisan Sahitya Sansad” and undertook the work of publishing Sambalpuri books written by others. His famous work is “Mahabharat Katha”, the translation of Mahabharat in Sambalpuri.^[11] He co-authored "Samalpuri – Kosali Vyakaran" book with Prafulla Kumar Tripathy.
5. Prafulla Kumar Tripathy – He compiled the book “Samalpuri Oriya Shabdakosha” (1987), a Sambalpuri to Oriya Dictionary. He is a celebrated figure in Oriya and Sambalpuri literature and grammar. He has also received Sahitya Academy Puraskar for his collection of Oriya short stories, "Nija Singhasana". Settled in Bhubaneswar, he continues to work towards getting Sambalpuri language an official status. He has also co-authored "Samalpuri – Kosali Vyakaran" book with Nil Madhab Panigrahi.
6. Prem Ram Dubey – To popularize Sambalpuri language, he published “Hame Kosali Hamar Bhasa Kosali”, a Sambalpuri literary magazine, and “Kosal Khabar” a news based magazine. He wrote many articles in these magazines.
7. Hema Chandra Acharya (Born 20.4.1926 – Died 26.8.2009) – His works include “Satar Sati Brundavati”, "Kathani Sat Satani", “Ram Raha” (2001). Ram Raha is the Sambalpuri version of the Raamayana. He has also written a novel "Nuni". He is popular among the masses as the 'Kosal Balmiki' for his Ram Raha.
8. Mangalu Charan Biswal (Born 4.5.1935) – He wrote many Sambalpuri plays, among which “Bhukha” is famous, as it was filmed and earned many awards.^[12]
9. Haldhar Nag (Born 31.3.1950) – He is a God’s gift to Kosli language.^[13] He has written many Kosli poems, such as “Mahasati Urmila”, “Achhia”, etc. His works has been compiled into “Lokakabi Haladhar Granthabali”^[14] and “Surata”.
10. Binod Pasayat – He wrote “Kayan Baetha” (1973).
11. Dolgobind Bisi – He published a Kosali literary magazine “Kosalshree” and wrote “Kosali Bhasha Sundari”(1984). He published the “Kosali Ramayan” written by Sri Indramani Sahu.
12. Nimai Charan Panigrahi – He has written many books including “Bhugale Bakhani”, “Kham Khamalo”, etc. His articles “Kosali Sabad Jharan”, published in “Bharni”, in Kosali literary magazine was very famous.
13. Harekrishna Meher : He has translated the Meghaduta of Kalidas to "Kosli Meghaduta".^[15]
14. Surama Mishra : She has written a children book "Titi Tian.^[16] The book is popular among the children of western Odisha.
15. Pradyumna Bisi :"Jharjhari" a sambalpuri kaabya written by Pradyumna Bisi. In which the poet represent a women as a brook & brook also as women.their way of living are same.The book published in 2014

See also

• Kosli language movement
• Kosli Drama

References

1. ↑ Kosli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. 1 2 International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2003. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8. 
3. 1 2 Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India. Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum. 1979. 
4. 1 2 Chitrasen Pasayat (1998). Tribe, Caste, and Folk Culture. Rawat Publications. 
5. 1 2 Subodh Kapoor (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: La Behmen-Maheya. Cosmo Publications. pp. 4240–. ISBN 978-81-7755-271-3. 
6. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Western Oriya". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 
7. ↑ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 2003. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8. 
8. ↑ Sambalpur Hiteishini, Vol III, Issue 1500, 1891.
9. ↑ Panda, Sasanka Sekhar, " JHULPUL ", Chitrotpala Publications, Cuttack, 2003, ISBN 81-86556-33-8
10. ↑ ”Satya Narayan Granthabali”, compiler – Shyam Sunder Dhar, Friends Emporium, Sambalpur, 2001.
11. ↑ Panigrahi, Nil Madhab, “Mahabharat Katha”, Lark books, Bhubaneswar, 1996, ISBN 81-7375-023-8.
12. ↑ Biswal, Mangalu Charan, "Bhukha", Saraswat Pustak Bhandar, Sambalpur,1984
13. ↑ Poetry makes him known as new Gangadhar Meher-Peanut seller Haladhar Nag carves niche for himself as poet of Kosali language
14. ↑ Nag, Haldhar, “Lokakabi Haladhar Granthabali”, compiler – Dwarikanath Nayak, Bidya Prakashan, Cuttack, 2000, ISBN 81-7703-009-4
15. ↑ Harekrishna Meher’s 'Kosli Meghaduta' released
16. ↑ Kosli e-Book Titi Tian for children launched

External links

• Kosli language and literature
• Kosli Language: A Perspective on Its Origin, Evolution and Distinction