Korail Class 1000

Korail Class 1000
Second batch Class 1000 train (trainset 1-47) arriving at Seoksu
In service	1974–present
Manufacturer	Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyu Car Corporation, Kinki Sharyo, Daewoo Heavy Industries, Hyundai Precision & Industries, Hanjin Heavy Industries (current Rotem)
Constructed	1st batch: 1974-1985 2nd batch: 1985-1992 3rd batch: 1994-1997
Refurbishment	1988-2007
Scrapped	1st batch: 1999-July 2004 2006 (refurbished cabin trains) 2012-2014 (refurbished trailer trains) 2nd batch: 2006 (un-refurbished trains) 2012-2015 (refurbished (1st time) trains)
Number preserved	17
Formation	10 cars per trainset TC-M-M'-T-M-M'-T-M-M'-TC
Operator(s)	Korail
Depot(s)	Guro
Line(s) served	Seoul Subway Line 1
Specifications
Car length	19.6 m (64 ft)
Width	3.12 m (10 ft)
Height	3.8 m (12 ft)
Doors	4 per side, 8 per car
Maximum speed	110 km/h (68 mph)
Power output	2,880 kW (3,860 hp)
Acceleration	2.5 km/h/s 3.5 km/h/s (special formation)
Deceleration	3.5 km/h/s (service) 4.5 km/h/s (emergency)
Electric system(s)	25kV 60Hz AC 1.5kV DC
Current collection method	Overhead
Safety system(s)	ATS
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)

The Korail Class 1000 trains are EMUs in South Korea for use on Seoul Subway Line 1. Class 1000 trains entered service between 1974 and 1996. The majority of Class 1000 trains have been retired; 20 trainsets remain in service out of 86.

Technical details

South Korea had no experience of manufacturing and operating EMUs, so Japan built the first Class 1000 trains in 1974. As a result, the first Class 1000 trains were based on Japanese trains, but then later on, Korean companies changed the design of these trains, both mechanically and aestetically. Electric parts were based on JNR 415 series, while car body was based on JNR 103 series.

Formation

In 10 car formation, TC-M-M'-T-M-M'-T-M-M'-TC. 10XX - Tc (trailer cabin car) 12XX - M (air compressor, battery, main resistor and controller) 13XX - M' (transformer, SIV, pantograph) 18XX - T (trailer car) 14XX - M 15XX - M' 19XX - T 16XX - M 17XX - M' 11XX - Tc

All trains use 6 motor (M) cars and 4 trailer (T) cars in a TC-M-M'-T-M-M'-T-M-M'-TC formation. Many motor cars have been irregularly placed in trainsets (such as two 12XXs and two 13XXs), and in the past trailer cars (such as two 19XXs instead of a 18XX/19XX pair) have been irregularly placed as well. Additionally in the past, trainsets 1-60~1-61 (since retired) used a TC-M-M'-M-M'-M-M'-M-M'-TC formation (four pairs of 12XX-13XX motor car pairs with no trailer car pairs) that allowed for a slightly faster acceleration.

Batches

1st batch

First batch car 1115 preserved at the Korean Railroad Museum.

Trainsets 1-01~1-41 were 1st batch trains and were introduced from 1974 to 1977. Their general appearance was similar to Japanese EMUs built around their time; in fact, trainsets 1-01~1-14 were assembled by various Japanese companies. However, trainsets 1-15~1-41 were built by Korean companies including Daewoo Heavy Industries under license. As a result, trainset 1-15 is nicknamed "The First Korean EMU". All of the 1st batch trains were based at Guro train depot and had the old Korean National Railroad (KNR) livery up to their retirement.

The trains were originally delivered as 3-car sets that were linked with each other to form 6 or 9-car trains. However, as ridership increased on Line 1, the trains were re-arranged into 6-car, 8-car, and finally 10-car trainsets. The trains received new motor and trailer cars that were built in the mid-1980s. Trainset 1-02 was involved in an accident at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies station in 1986 that led to the scrapping of some damaged cars and their replacements by newer cars (built in 1986). Trainset 1-14 experienced a similar accident at Incheon station and received newer cars and was retired a year later from the other Japanese trainsets (excluding 1-02).

The Seoul Metro Series 1000 trains were completely derived from these trains, and several other Seoul Metro trains share similar designs with these trains.

The 1st batch trains were replaced by the Class 311000 trains and were retired and scrapped beginning in 1998 as the trainsets met the end of their 25-year lifespans. The last unrefurbished trains in service were 1-02 (due to newer cars built in 1986) and 1-26~1-28, which were retired in late May 2004.

However, in 2001-2002, when trainsets 1-29~1-35 were retired, the trailer cars of these trainsets (1829-1835 and 1929-1935) were converted into cabin cars by Rotem and received new front ends insteads of being retired with the rest of the 1st batch fleet, as they were built later than the rest of the trainsets and had not exceeded their 25-year lifespan. They were renumbered into cars 1088-1094 and 1188-1194, and were linked with 1st batch cars. The cars were replaced with 3rd generation Class 311000 trains and taken out of service in 2006 due to structural integrity issues, and were stored at the Byeongjeom Car Depot until 2011, when they were finally taken off property to be scrapped or preserved.

Additionally, many Korean-built 1st batch cars from Korean trainsets were saved from retirement and linked in 2nd batch trains (some were even refurbished), as they too were built in the 1980s to extend existing trainsets to 10 cars and had not exceeded their 25-year lifespans. Most of the trains that were salvaged were trailer cars (18XX and 19XX cars) but some motor cars were also saved. Most of the cars retained their numbers, but some are rumored to have been renumbered. These cars were last found in 2nd batch trainsets 1-42~1-52 and 1-55 and were retired from January 2012 to September 2014, when the final 1st batch trailer cars in trainset 1-55 were retired with the whole trainset, marking the end of service life of the 1st batch trains.

2nd batch

Second batch trainset 1-62 departing Noryangjin

Trainsets 1-42~1-73 are 2nd batch trains and were introduced from 1986 to 1992. The front view and the side window type has changed, and a train event recorder was also introduced. The trains are equipped with air-conditioning, so SIV was introduced to power the air conditioners. All of the 2nd batch trains had the old Korean National Railroad (KNR) livery but have received the new livery following refurbishment. Trainsets 1-42~1-63 were built from 1986 to 1989 with long, rectangular-windowed doors while trainsets 1-64~1-73 were built from 1991 to 1992 with short, square-windowed doors. However, several trainsets have been refitted with 1st batch trains' doors.

Aside from trainsets 1-42~1-73, the trailer cars of 1st batch trainsets 1-39~1-41 (1839-1841 and 1939-1941) and four motor cars of trainset 1-41 (1441, 1541, 1641, and 1741) were also 2nd batch trains, all built in 1989 to extend the 1st batch trainsets to ten cars. Both trailer cars of 1-39~1-40 and trailer car 1841 were converted into the trailer cars now found in Class 311000 trainsets 311-39~311-41, while trailer car 1941 was connected to various second batch trainsets until its retirement in 2013.^[1] Cars 1441, 1541, 1641, and 1741 were used in 2nd batch trainsets after the retirement of trainset 1-41, but all cars were retired with trainset 1-58 on May 1, 2010, when the whole train was damaged in an accident.^[2]

Trainsets 1-53, 1-57, 1-63 and 1-65 were prematurely retired in 2006 because they were using aging 1st batch cars, so it was found to be easier to retire the trainsets instead of refurbishing them to be fire-resistant. Trainsets 1-53, 1-57, and 1-65 were all stored at the Byeongjeom and Guro train depots and taken off property before the end of 2012, although trainset 1-63 is still stored at the Guro Car Depot and has strangely received the new Korail livery.^[3]

On May 1, 2010, 2nd batch trainset 1-58 was retired due to a collision with Class 311000 trainset 311-74 (which was known as Class 5000 trainset 5-75 at the time of the collision). Car 1158 suffered significant damage while the seven cars behind it received minor damage. On the other hand, trainset 5-75, which received minor front end damage, was repaired and then renumbered into 311-74 since all Class 311000 trains were being renumbered from the 5000-series to the 311000-series.^[4] Consequently all cars in the trainset (except for 1058 and 1258, which were stored out of service), were scrapped.

The remaining 2nd batch trains were gradually being replaced by the Class 311000 trains and have been retiring and being scrapped since 2012, though since late 2014, Korail has adapted a new policy to retire trains after 40 years of service. Trainsets 1-42~1-61, 1-63, 1-65~1-66, and 1-71 were retired between 2012 and 2014 and cars from these trainsets were scrapped or preserved. Meanwhile, trainsets 1-62, 1-64, 1-67~1-70, and 1-72~1-73 remain in revenue service and are based exclusively from the Guro Train Depot.

Refurbished cars

Refurbished 2nd batch car 1182 (ex-1942) at Yeongdeungpo Station as a Yongsan-Dongincheon express train.

In 1999, three 2nd batch cars underwent refurbishments by Daewoo Heavy Industries and were converted into cabin cars. They were renumbered into cars 1082, 1182 (former trailer cars 1842 & 1942),^[5] and 1087 (former trailer car 1943), and were linked with 1st batch cars. Because no car numbered 1187 was built, car 1087 ran with 3rd batch car 1186 and was retired when car 1086 was delivered in 2002.^[6] However, 1082 and 1182 lasted until 2006, when they were pulled from service due to structural integrity issues. As a result, both cars were stored at the Byeongjeom Car Depot until the end of 2011, when they were taken off property to be scrapped.

3rd batch

3rd batch trainset 1-83 leaving Singil Station

Trainsets 1-74~1-81 and 1-83~1-86 are 3rd batch trains and were introduced from 1994 to 1997, before the Class 311000 EMUs were introduced but after the 1st generation Class 341000 and 351000 EMUs were introduced. The 3rd batch trains were introduced for service expansion. They also allowed older trains to be extended 10 cars; aside from the newly-built trainsets, many additional motor and trailer cars were built to expand 2nd batch trains from 4 cars to 6 cars or 6 cars to 10 cars (namely, trainsets 1-50~1-53 and 1-57~1-63 and two cars numbered 1482 & 1582). These cars can be found in 2nd batch trainsets 1-62 & 1-64 and 3rd batch trainsets 1-81 & 1-83~1-86.

The trains share a similar front end design with the Class 341000 and 351000 trains, but are otherwise structurally and mechanically identical to the other Class 1000 trainsets and can as a result only operate with other Class 1000 cars. All of the 3rd batch trains were delivered in the old Korean National Railroad (KNR) livery but they have received new livery following overhaul.

The 3rd batch trainsets are all based the Guro train depot. The only cars that were retired were cars 1459-1461 and 1559-1561.

Refurbishments

• In 1986, the air conditioning secondary power device was changed from motor generator to inverter. These inverters were replaced by new IGBT inverters in 2004. The air conditioner was changed from piston-based systems to screw motor-based systems.
• In 1988, 1st batch cars were retrofitted with air conditioning.
• In 2000, TIS systems were installed in some 2nd batch cars and in all 3rd batch cars, and several cars also received stop notifiers for rapid (express) train service.
• In 2003, the Daegu subway fire compelled Korail to introduce flame-resistant interiors for passenger safety, so the 2nd batch (except 1-53, 1-57, 1-63, and 1-65) and 3rd batch cars were overhauled with fire-retardant interiors. Tne front destination signs, side destination signs, and run number indicators were upgraded from Mylar roll film to LCD and LED. SLS overhauled some of the 1st batch cars and most of the 2nd batch trainsets, while Rowin overhauled trainsets 1-62, 1-64, and all 3rd batch trainsets.
• In 2006, trainsets 1-47~1-49 received newer Korail EMU doors, while trainsets 1-45, 1-50~1-56, 1-61, and 1-71 received 1st batch train doors.
• From 2006 to 2007, many 1st batch cars were salvaged and repainted into new Korail livery, and some were even overhauled to be fire-resistant. They were then connected to 2nd batch trainsets.
• In 2011, all trainsets from trainset 1-59 had their speakers refurbished to allow for clearer announcements.

Preservation

After retirement, a handful of Class 1000 cars were either preserved or repurposed into facilities such as restaurants and pension trains. As of 2015, many 1st batch cars have been preserved, as well as two 2nd batch cars.

1st batch car 1106, used as a local restaurant in Incheon.

2nd batch car 1065 at the old Gudun Station, now used as a training car.

Preserved 1st batch cars include (though not limited to):

• 1001, 1115 (pictured) and 1315, used as exhibits at the Korean Railroad Museum in Uiwang. Car 1001 is part of the first EMU (from Japan). Meanwhile, cars 1115 and 1315 are part of the first Korean EMU, but when they were just preserved, they were renumbered to 1001 and 1301, conflicting with the true 1001.
• 1106 (pictured) and 1109, used as a part of a local restaurant in Nonhyeon-dong, Incheon.^[7] The cars are pending scrapping.
• 1107, used as a "pension" car in Hongcheon, Gangwon-do.^[8]
• 1019 and 1119, spotted in Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do.^[9]
• Refurbished car 1091 (possibly renumbered from 1832) at Buljeong station on the Mungyeong Railbike, used as a "pension train."^[10]
• Two cars with unknown numbers, used as a part of a local facility in Seongnam-si near the Galma Tunnel.^[11]
• A car with an unknown number, used as a part of a local restaurant in Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do.^[12]

Car 1032 was used as a part of a local restaurant in Dong-gu, Daejeon, but was sold and is now possibly scrapped.^[13]

Preserved 2nd batch cars include:

• 1065 (pictured) and 1165 at the old Gudun station on the old Jungang Line alignment, used as simulation and training cars.
• 1771 and a cab car from trainset 1-71 (most likely 1171), used as training cars at Kyungpuk College in Yeongju-si, North Gyeongsang Province.^[14]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Korail Class 1000.

• Korail
• Seoul Subway Line 1

References