Kingscote, South Australia

Kingscote South Australia
Dauncey Street
Kingscote
Coordinates	35°39′11″S 137°38′03″E / 35.65306°S 137.63417°E / -35.65306; 137.63417Coordinates: 35°39′11″S 137°38′03″E / 35.65306°S 137.63417°E / -35.65306; 137.63417
Population	2,034 (2011 census)[1]
Established	1836
Postcode(s)	5223
LGA(s)	Kangaroo Island Council
State electorate(s)	Finniss[2]
Federal Division(s)	Mayo[3]
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 19.1 °C 66 °F 11.6 °C 53 °F 484 mm 19.1 in

Kingscote is the largest town on Kangaroo Island, an island off the south coast of South Australia. Kingscote is South Australia's oldest European settlement.^[4] At the 2011 census, Kingscote had a population of 2,034.^[1] It is a well-established tourist centre and the administrative and communications centre. It is home to a colony of the smallest penguins in the world, the little penguin.

History

The South Australia Company established its colony at Kingscote at Reeves Point on 27 July 1836, as South Australia's first official European settlement, the first settlers having arrived on the Duke of York.^[5] It was later suggested that Kingscote could serve as the capital of South Australia, but the island's resources were insufficient to support such a large community; the South Australia Company moved almost six months later to Adelaide after sending surveyors to find a better site.

The history of the area is displayed in the museum in Hope Cottage, to the north of the town. Hope Cottage was one of the three earliest houses built in Kingscote, circa 1850, with the adjoining cottages of Faith and Charity. (Faith has been subsequently demolished.)

The Old Mulberry Tree at Reeves Point was planted in 1836 and still bears fruit. Reeves Point has been placed on the Australian Heritage Places List.^[6]

The current town of Kingscote is now immediately to the south of the original Kingscote settlement at Reeves Point in the area originally known as Queenscliffe (the origin of the name of the Queenscliffe Hotel in Dauncey Street).^[7]

Little Penguin colony

In 2007, the Kingscote colony of Little penguins' population was 868 adults and fell to 706 in 2010.^[8] In 2011, it was believed to be either declining or stable.^[9] In 2012, the population fell to 300 adults according to DEWNR figures.^[8] In 2013, the Kingscote colony of little penguins had dropped to 20 birds, according to tour operator John Ayliffe.^[10] Official 2013 census figures were greater, estimating 154 breeding adults, down 48 per cent from the previous year and 82 per cent since the population peak in 2007.^[11]

Increasing populations of New Zealand fur seals are believed to be a factor in the decline. Other predators of penguins on Kangaroo Island include rats, dogs, cats, goannas and sea eagles. Since the 1990s, penguin tour operators have improved the nesting habitat in the visitation area at Kingscote, through vegetation, habitat protection and constructing boardwalks for tourists.^[9] Disease and declining fish stocks have also been blamed for declines in Little penguin numbers.^[8]

Other colonies in South Australia have experienced dramatic declines since the 1990s. The nearest examples of colonies in decline are found in Encounter Bay (Granite Island, Wright Island and West Island) and at Penneshaw on Kangaroo Island.^[10]

Accounts of little penguins at Kingcote exist from the 1930s.^[12]

The Spit

Historically, Little penguins have also been observed in burrows on The Spit which lays across the mouth of Bay of Shoals. Observations of penguins at this location were published in 1888,^[13] 1911,^[14] 1915,^[15] 1934^[16] and 1938.^[17] A child visiting in 1947 found at least six penguin burrows.^[18] The species did not appear in the list of birds observed at Busby Islet Conservation Park (part of The Spit) which was published in 1987.^[19]

Climate

Kingscote has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb), where most of the rain falls in the winter months.^[20]

Facilities

Kingscote has a school offering years 1 to 12, a hospital, supermarket, post office and government offices. It is the administrative centre for the Kangaroo Island Council, whose offices have recently undergone a significant upgrade.

There is an extensive wharf and jetty, formerly used by the roll-on, roll-off vessels, Troubridge and Island Seaway.

Kingscote has a tidal swimming pool, plus a sports centre and adjoining oval and netball courts.

The Aurora Ozone Seafront Hotel, with its mermaid statue, is a well-known landmark on the Kingscote foreshore, having opened in 1907.

Gallery

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  Commercial Street

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  Dauncey Street

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  Pelican feeding

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  Council chambers

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  Ozone Hotel

See also

• Kingscote Airport
• List of little penguin colonies

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kingscote, South Australia.

• Hope Cottage
• Kangaroo Island

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