King of Arms
King of Arms is the senior rank of an officer of arms. In many heraldic traditions, only a king of arms has the authority to grant armorial bearings. In other traditions, the power has been delegated to other officers of similar rank.
Heraldic duties
In England, the authority to grant a coat of arms is subject to the formal approval of the Earl Marshal in the form of a warrant. In jurisdictions such as the Republic of Ireland the authority to grant armorial bearings has been delegated to a chief herald that serves the same purpose as the traditional king of arms. Canada also has a chief herald, though this officer grants arms on the authority of the Governor General as the Queen's representative through the Herald Chancellor's direct remit. Scotland's only king of arms, the Lord Lyon, exercises the royal prerogative by direct delegation from the Crown and like the Chief Herald of Ireland and the old Ulster King of Arms needs no warrant from any other office bearer. In the Kingdom of Spain, the power to certify coats of arms has been given to the Cronistas de Armas (Chroniclers of Arms).
The English and Scottish kings of arms are the only officers of arms to have a distinctive crown of office, used for ceremonial purposes such as at coronations (as opposed to peers, who instead of a crown wear a coronet). At the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, the kings of arms used a crown trimmed with sixteen acanthus leaves alternating in height, and inscribed with the words Miserere mei Deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam (Have mercy upon me, O God, according to Thy great mercy; Psalm 51). When this crown is shown in pictorial representations, only nine leaves and the first three words are shown. Recently, a new crown has been made for the Lord Lyon, modelled on the Scottish Royal crown among the Honours of Scotland. This crown has removable arches (like one of the late Queen Mother's crowns) which will be removed at coronations to avoid any hint of lèse majesté.
Kings of Arms and Heraldic Authorities of the United Kingdom
Kings of Arms for England, Wales and Northern Ireland
- Garter Principal King of Arms
- Clarenceux King of Arms (England and Wales south of the Trent)
- Norroy and Ulster King of Arms (England north of the Trent and Northern Ireland)
Scottish King of Arms
Orders of chivalry
Garter King of Arms is the herald of the Order of the Garter and Lord Lyon King of Arms is the herald of the Order of the Thistle. The Norroy and Ulster King of Arms is the herald of the (now dormant) Order of St Patrick. Other British orders of chivalry have their own kings of arms:
- Bath King of Arms, for the Order of the Bath
- King of Arms of the Order of St Michael and St George
- King of Arms of the Order of the British Empire
Chief or State Heralds of Ireland and the Commonwealth
- The Chief Herald of Canada
- The Chief Herald of Ireland
- The National Herald (formerly State Herald) of South Africa
- The State Herald (Statsheraldiker) of Sweden is the head of a branch of the National Archives of Sweden
- New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary The Herald of Arms of New Zealand
Cronistas de Armas of Spain
Former Kings of Arms of Portugal
- Rei de Armas Portugal or Portugal Rei de Armas (Portugal King of Arms)
- Rei de Armas Algarve (Algarve King of Arms)
- Rei de Armas Índia (India King of Arms)
Other Kings of Arms
- King of Arms Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies (Fernando Muñoz Altea, appointed by the Duke of Castro)
See also
Media related to King of Arms at Wikimedia Commons
- Bureau of Heraldry
- The College of Arms
- The Court of the Lord Lyon
- The Canadian Heraldic Authority
- Heraldic authority
- State Ceremonial
References
External links
- The Court of the Lord Lyon
- The College of Arms
- The Canadian Heraldic Authority
- The Office of the Chief Herald of Ireland
- Genealogy & Heraldry Bill, 2006 - new legislation on heraldry before the Irish Senate
- King of Arms Royal House of Bourbon Two Sicilies (Appointed by the Duke of Castro)