King cherry
| King cherry | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Prunus |
| Subgenus: | Cerasus |
| Species: | n/a (P. yedoensis)note |
| Binomial name | |
| n/a (Prunus yedoensis)note ^ note: See Name section for details. | |
King cherry (왕벚나무, wangbeojnamu or 왕벚꽃, wangbeojkkoch, Hanja: 王벚나무) is a Korean native cherry tree originated from Jeju Island. It is a distinct species from Japanese native Yoshino cherry. There have been disputes over the origin of king cherry and Yoshino cherry. In 2007, a study conducted on the comparison of king cherry and Yoshino cherry concluded that the these trees were categorized as distinct species.[1] However, in Korea, king cherry is still believed to be the same species as Yoshino cherry.[2]
Name
In 1901, Yoshino cherry was given a scientific name Prunus Yedoensis by Ninzo Matsumura.[3] In early 1900s, king cherry was thought to be the same species as Yoshino cherry, it is called Prunus yedoensis, the same scientific name as Yoshino cherry. After Ernest Henry Wilson suggested Yoshino cherry is a hybrid between Prunus subhirtella var. ascendens (Edo higan) and Prunus lannesiana (Oshima zakura) in 1916,[4] Yoshino cherry became to be called Prunus × yedoensis. However king cherry still remained to be called Prunus yedoensis which is originally given to Yoshino cherry after its place of origin Yedo (current day Tokyo).
The Korean name wangbeojnamu or wangbeojkkoch does not distinguish Yoshino cherry from king cherry because they have been thought to be the same species. If necessary, Yoshino cherry is referred to as someiyoshino (소메이요시노), a transliteration of a Japanese name for Yoshino cherry.
The Korean name wangbeojnamu means "king cherry tree" while wangbeojkkoch means "king cherry blossom".
History
- 1908 A French missionary Taquet discovered a native cherry called king cherry in Jeju islands, Korea.
- 1912 A German botanist Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne gave king cherry a scientific name of Prunus yedoensis var. nudiflora.[5]
- 1932 Koidzumi reported that Yoshino cherry (Prunus yedoensis) is originated on Jeju island.[6]
- 1962 Takenaka ruled out the possibility of Korean origin by the morphological study.[7][8]
- 2007 A DNA study shows that king cherry can be considered indigenous and sufficiently distinct from Yoshino cherry to warrant recognition as a distinct entity.[1]
Cultivation
King cherry is a wild species whose habitat is Hallasan, Jeju Island and is not cultivated yet. Mass propagation is still at an experimental stage. An artificial breeding by the tissue culturing of 40 cherry trees planted in 1996 bloomed in 2003 for the first time.[9]
See also
References
- 1 2 Roh, M.S., Cheong, E.J., Choi, I-Y and Young, Y.H. (2007). "Characterization of wild Prunus yedoensis analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA.". Scientia Horticulturae 114 (2): 121–128. doi:10.1016/J.scientia2007.06.005. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
- ↑ "[취재후] 꽃의 전쟁…벚꽃의 원산지는?" [Flower war...Origin of Cherry tree?] (in Korean). KBS. April 11, 2014.
- ↑ Matsumura]], Ninzo (1901). "Cerasi Japonicæ duæ Species novæ". Botanical Magazine, Tokyo (Shokubutsugaku Zasshi) (in Latin) (The Botanical Society of Japan) 15: 99–101.
- ↑ Wilson, E. H. (1916). "The Cherries of Japan". Publications of the Arnold Arboretum (Harvard University Press) (7): 16.
- ↑ Koehne, Von E. (1912). "95 Prunus yedoensis var. nudiflora, nov. var.". Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (Herausgebers) 10: 507.
- ↑ Koidzumi, G. (1932). "Prunus yedoensis Matsum. is a native of Quelpaert". Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica (The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics) 1: 177. ISSN 0001-6799.
- ↑ Iketani, Hiroyuki; et al. (2007). "Analyses of Clonal Status in ‘Somei-yoshino’ and Confirmation of Genealogical Record in Other Cultivars of Prunus × yedoensis by Microsatellite Markers" (PDF). Breeding Science 57: 1–6.
natural hybridization either in the Izu peninsula, on Izu-oshima Island or on Cheju-do Island in Korea, although the possibility of the latter location was ruled out by Takenaka (1962)
- ↑ Takenaka, Yo (1963). "The Origin of the Yoshino cherry tree". Journal of Heredity 54: 207－211.
I visited the (Quelpart) island in 1933 and observed that the tree, which was growing wild, showed differences from P. yedoensis; the hairs on calyx lobes and on the lower side of leaves were less numerous, and the peduncles were shorter. I concluded that it could not be P. yedoensis. I assumed that it might be a hybrid between P. subhirtella var. pendula form ascendens (Edo-higan) and P. quelpartensis (Tanna-Yamazakura; perhaps a form of P. verecunda) or some other cherry species
- ↑ "[광복 70년•수교 50년 제주와 일본을 말하다/제1부 제주 왕벚의 세계화](3)대량생산 전초기지" [[70 years liberation, 50 years diplomatic relations: Jeju and Japan story / Part 1. Globalization of King cherry of Jeju] (3) Outpost of Mass production] (in Korean). Halla Ilbo. March 23, 2015.