King–Kopetzky syndrome

King–Kopetzky syndrome is an auditory disability characterised by difficulty in hearing speech in the presence of background noise[1] in conjunction with the finding of normal hearing test results.

It is an example of auditory processing disorder (APD) [2] or auditory disability with normal hearing (ADN).

King–Kopetzky syndrome patients have a worse Social Hearing Handicap index (SHHI) than others, indicating they suffer a significant degree of speech-hearing disability.[3] The condition is named after Samuel J. Kopetzky, who first described the condition in 1948, and P. F. King, who first discussed the aetiological factors behind it in 1954.[4]

Causes

It seems that somatic anxiety and situations of stress may be determinants of speech-hearing disability.[3][5]

Some studies indicated an increased prevalence of a family history of hearing impairment in these patients. The pattern of results is suggestive that King-Kopetzky patients may be related to conditions of autosomal dominant inheritance.[2][6][7]

Subcategories

It was found that based on sensitized measures of auditory dysfunction and on psychological assessment, Subjects could be subdivided into seven subcategories:[8]

  1. middle ear dysfunction
  2. mild cochlear pathology
  3. central/medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOCS) auditory dysfunction
  4. purely psychological problems
  5. multiple auditory pathologies
  6. combined auditory dysfunction and psychological problems
  7. unknown

Different subgroups may represent different pathogenic and aetiological factors. Thus, subcategorization provides further understanding of the basis of King–Kopetzky syndrome, and hence may guide the rehabilitative management of these patients.This was suggested by Professor Dafydd Stephens and F Zhao at the Welsh Hearing Institute, Cardiff University.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Borg E, Stephens D (September 2003). "King-Kopetzky syndrome in the light of an ecological conceptual framework". Int J Audiol 42 (6): 312–8. doi:10.3109/14992020309101323. PMID 14570238.
  2. 1 2 Stephens D, Zhao F (March 2000). "The role of a family history in King Kopetzky Syndrome (obscure auditory dysfunction)". Acta Otolaryngol. 120 (2): 197–200. doi:10.1080/000164800750000900. PMID 11603771.
  3. 1 2 Zhao F, Stephens D (1996). "Determinants of speech-hearing disability in King-Kopetzky syndrome". Scand Audiol 25 (2): 91–6. PMID 8738633.
  4. ↑ "Is there an association between noise exposure and King Kopetzky Syndrome?". Noise and Health. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
  5. ↑ King K, Stephens D (1992). "Auditory and psychological factors in 'auditory disability with normal hearing'". Scand Audiol 21 (2): 109–14. PMID 1641572.
  6. ↑ Liu XZ, Xu L, Newton V. "Audiometric configuration in non-syndromic genetic hearing loss". J Audiol Med 3: 99–106.
  7. ↑ Van Camp G, Willems PJ, Smith RJH (1997). "Non-syndromic hearing impairment: unparalleled heterogeneity". Am J Genet 60: 758–64.
  8. ↑ Zhao F, Stephens D (August 2000). "Subcategories of patients with King-Kopetzky syndrome". Br J Audiol 34 (4): 241–56. PMID 10997453.
  9. ↑ Subcategories of Patients with King-Kopetzky Syndrome
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