Khuang Aphaiwong

Major Khuang Aphaiwong Luang Kowit-aphaiwong
ควง อภัยวงศ์
4th Prime Minister of Thailand
In office August 1, 1944 – August 31, 1945
Monarch	Ananda Mahidol
Preceded by	Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Succeeded by	Tawee Boonyaket
In office January 31, 1946 – March 24, 1946
Preceded by	Seni Pramoj
Succeeded by	Pridi Banomyong
In office November 10, 1947 – April 8, 1948
Monarch	Bhumibol Adulyadej
Preceded by	Thawan Thamrongnawasawat
Succeeded by	Plaek Phibunsongkhram
Personal details
Born	(1902-05-17)May 17, 1902 Phra Tabong Province, Siam, (Now Battambang, Cambodia)
Died	March 15, 1968(1968-03-15) (aged 65)
Nationality	Thai
Political party	Democrat Party
Spouse(s)	Lekha Kunadilok
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Khuang Aphaiwong (17 May 1902 - 15 March 1968; Thai: ควง อภัยวงศ์, also spelled Kuang, Abhaiwong, or Abhaiwongse; was three times the prime minister of Thailand: from August 1944 to 1945, from January to May 1946, and from November 1947 to April 1948.

Life and career

Khuang was born in Battambang (now in Cambodia), a son of the Siamese governor Chao Phraya Abhayabhubet. The Aphaiwongs were of royal Khmer lineage.^[1] Khuang attended Debsirin School and Assumption College, Bangkok, later studying engineering at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France. On his return to Thailand, he worked in the telegraph department, finally becoming director of the department. This earned him the feudal title Luang Kowit-aphaiwong. He married Lekha Kunadilok (Goone-Tilleke), daughter of Ceylon-born lawyer William Alfred Goone-Tilleke, founder of the law firm Tilleke & Gibbins.^[2]

Promoter of regime change and minister

Khuang was a member of the civil faction of Khana Ratsadon ("People's Party"), the group that promoted the Siamese revolution of 1932, that brought a regime change from absolute to constitutional monarchy. Afterwards, he served as minister without portfolio in the cabinets of Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena and Plaek Phibunsongkhram (Phibun). During World War II he was commissioned a major and joined the King's Guard. As such he was at the head of the mission to Battambang which in July 1941 took control of the Cambodian territories occupied during the Franco-Thai War, to be renamed Phra Tabong Province. His father had been governor of part of this region before it was ceded to France 1907.^[3] Later he became minister of commerce and communications.

First term as Prime Minister

On 1 August 1944, the Parliament elected him Prime Minister, after Phibun's plans to move the capital to Phetchabun and to create the Phutthamonthon park failed to get enough approval. He was a compromise candidate, standing between the Phibun supporters and the oppositional Free Thai Movement.^[4] Ostensibly he co-operated with the Japanese who had factually occupied Thailand during the war. At the same time, he shielded the Free Thai who actively collaborated with the advancing Allies.^[5] After the Japanese retreat he resigned on 31 August 1945, to make way for a new administration by the Free Thai forces.^[6]

Second term as Prime Minister

Khuang Aphaiwong wearing traditional dress during the Thai cultural restoration.

In 1946 he was one of the founders of the conservative Democrat Party, and became its first leader. The fourth national elections on 6 January 1946 were won by the Democratic Party, which gained him a second term as prime minister starting on 31 January. Only 45 days later, on 24 March, his government lost a vote of no-confidence in parliament and he resigned.

Third term as Prime Minister and late life

He became prime minister a third time on 10 November 1947 following a coup d'état led by Field Marshal Phin Chunhawan. However, the coup leaders were not pleased with the performance of Khuang's government and forced him to resign on 8 April 1948. This also ensured Phibun to become Prime Minister again. Khuang continued in politics as the opposition leader and leader of the Democratic Party until all political parties were banned in 1958. His wife, Khunying Lekha Aphaiwong, was appointed Senator in 1949, becoming one of the first female politicians of Thailand.^[7]

Khuang died on 15 March 1968, at age 66.

References

Bibliography

• Goscha, Christopher E., Thailand and the Southeast Asian Networks of The Vietnamese Revolution, 1885-1954, Routledge, 1999, ISBN 0700706224

Prime Ministers of Thailand (List) King Rama VII Phraya Manopakorn Nititada Phraya Phahon Phonphayuhasena King Rama VIII Plaek Phibunsongkhram Khuang Aphaiwong Tawee Boonyaket Seni Pramoj Khuang Aphaiwong Pridi Banomyong King Rama IX Thawan Thamrongnawasawat Khuang Aphaiwong Plaek Phibunsongkhram Pote Sarasin Thanom Kittikachorn Sarit Thanarat Thanom Kittikachorn Sanya Dharmasakti Seni Pramoj Kukrit Pramoj Seni Pramoj Thanin Kraivichien Kriangsak Chomanan Prem Tinsulanonda Chatichai Choonhavan Anand Panyarachun Suchinda Kraprayoon Meechai Ruchuphan† Anand Panyarachun Chuan Leekpai Banharn Silpa-archa Chavalit Yongchaiyudh Chuan Leekpai Thaksin Shinawatra Chitchai Wannasathit† Thaksin Shinawatra Surayud Chulanont Samak Sundaravej Somchai Wongsawat Chaovarat Chanweerakul† Abhisit Vejjajiva Yingluck Shinawatra Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan† Prayut Chan-o-cha "italics" indicate military officeholders "†" indicate acting or caretaker officeholders.