Kalmar Nyckel
 Calmare Nyckel oil painting by Jacob Hägg, 1922 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Sweden
| |
| Name: | Kalmar Nyckel |
| Owner: | The Ship Company (Skeppskompaniet) |
| Route: | Gothenburg, Sweden — New Sweden, North America |
| Launched: | c. 1625 |
| Acquired: | 1629 |
| Status: | Sold to Swedish Navy, 1644 |
| Commissioned: | 1644 |
| Decommissioned: | June 19, 1651 |
| Fate: |
|
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Type: | Pinnace |
| Sail plan: | Full-rigged ship |
| Crew: | 40 sailors & 28 soldiers (in Naval service) |
| Armament: |
|
The Kalmar Nyckel (Key of Kalmar) was a Dutch-built armed merchant ship famed for carrying Swedish settlers to North America in 1638 to establish the colony of New Sweden. A replica of the ship was launched at Wilmington, Delaware, in 1997.
History
The Kalmar Nyckel was constructed in about 1625 and was of a design called a pinnace. The ship was originally named Sleutel (Dutch for key), and to distinguish it from several other ships called Key it was known by the name of the city of Kalmar, which purchased the ship in 1629 as its contribution to a state-sponsored trading company, Skeppskompaniet. It was later purchased into the Swedish Navy. When Sweden decided to establish a trading colony in the New World under the direction of Peter Minuit, the Kalmar Nyckel was chosen for the voyage. A smaller vessel, the Fogel Grip (Griffin Bird), accompanied her.
The ships sailed from Gothenburg in December 1637, commanded by Jan Hindriksen van der Water, but encountered a severe storm in the North Sea and had to divert to the Netherlands for repairs. They departed on New Year's Day 1638, arriving in North America in March 1638.[2] They built a fort on the present site of the city of Wilmington, which they named Fort Christina.
A second voyage, which departed on February 7, 1640, and arrived at Fort Christina on April 17, brought additional settlers for New Sweden. One of them was Reorus Torkillus, the first Lutheran clergyman in New Sweden. The Kalmar Nyckel made four successful round trips from Sweden to North America, a record unchallenged by any other colonial vessel.[3]
Between colonial voyages, the ship was used by the navy as a transport and courier. She was sold out of Swedish service to Dutch merchants in 1651. At the outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch War, she was employed as a fisheries protection vessel under Captain Dirk Vijgh. The ship was sunk off the coast of Scotland in action against Blake's squadron on July 12, 1652.[4]
The modern Kalmar Nyckel
 The Kalmar Nyckel leaves Lewes, Delaware, for an evening cruise | |
 United States
| |
|---|---|
| Name: | Kalmar Nyckel |
| Owner: | Kalmar Nyckel Foundation |
| Port of registry: | Wilmington, Delaware |
| Builder: | Allen Rawl, Wilmington, Delaware |
| Launched: | September 28, 1997 |
| In service: | May 9, 1998 |
| Identification: |
|
| Status: | in active service, as of 2012 |
| General characteristics [1] | |
| Displacement: | 298 long tons (303 t) |
| Length: |
|
| Beam: | 25 ft (7.6 m) |
| Height: | 105 ft (32 m) |
| Draft: | 12 ft 5 in (3.78 m) |
| Propulsion: | 2 × 180 hp (134 kW) Caterpillar 3208 diesel engines |
| Sail plan: |
|
| Speed: | |
| Endurance: | 6 days |
| Capacity: | 49 passengers |
| Crew: | 24 |
In 1986, a group of citizens of Wilmington, Delaware, established the Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, whose primary source of funding is from the taxpayers of the State of Delaware, plus donations from corporations and individuals. The foundation designed, built, and launched a replica of the Kalmar Nyckel. The modern ship, designed by naval architects Thomas C. Gillmer, Melbourne Smith, Joel Welter, and Ken Court, was built at a shipyard in Wilmington on the Christina River near the original 1638 Swedish settlers' landing site at Fort Christina. She was launched on September 28, 1997, and commissioned on May 9, 1998. The re-creation measures 94 feet (29 m) on deck and 131 feet (40 m) overall, with a 25-foot (7.6 m) beam, a 12-foot (3.7 m) draft, and a displacement of 300 tons.[5]
The ship is operated and maintained by a volunteer staff, under the leadership of a paid captain, boatswain, and chief mate. In November 2006, the captain of the Kalmar Nyckel, David W. Hiott, who had commanded her for nine seasons, died from the effects of recurring melanoma. Captain Lauren Morgens took over on April 1, 2007, with Sharon Dounce as Port Captain/Relief Captain. Volunteers maintain the ship, run the education program, and sail her from port to port.[6]
Symphony
In 1986, composer Benjamin Lees was commissioned to write a symphony to honor the founding of Wilmington, Delaware. Lees named the resulting work Symphony No. 5: Kalmar Nyckel. The piece was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2003, following release of a recording by the German orchestra Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.[7]
Ship's cats
Toolbox was the senior ship's cat and official warrant officer with the title of 'Captain's Assistant'. The offspring of a feral cat, she was born in a toolbox while the ship was under construction in 1997. She has always lived on the ship and therefore has the greatest accumulated sea time of any member of the crew. A celebrity in her own right, she is the star of two books.[8][9]
Unfortunately due to her failed eyesight, Toolbox retired from her position on the Kalmar Nyckel in November 2012. A retirement party was thrown in her honor, and many past and present crew members came to celebrate her 16 years on the ship.[10]
In addition, a number of other cats have served with the Kalmar Nyckel at various times, including Clew Garnet, Lagan, Sven, Timmynocky (nautical equivalent of thingamajig)[11] and Diddy. The current ship's cat is called Chester, a full-grey American shorthair.
Gallery
- Replica ''Kalmar Nyckel''
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The bow of the replica Kalmar Nyckel including a two-tailed lion figurehead, one tail symbolizing the old ship and one symbolizing the new ship.
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In Chesapeake Bay, 2008, flying from foretop to stern the Finnish, Swedish naval, Netherlands and American flags.
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Stern of the replica
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"Toolbox", senior ship's cat of the Kalmar Nyckel
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The Kalmar Nyckel with the Wilmington Skyline in the background
See also
- Måns Andersson
- Ship replica (including a list of ship replicas)
- Götheborg, a sailing replica of an 18th-century Swedish East Indiaman
- American Swedish Historical Museum
References
- 1 2 "Kalmar Nyckel Guidebook" (PDF). kalmarnyckel.org. 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ↑ Johnson, Amandus (1911). The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638–1664. Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society.
- ↑ Henderson, John R. (2007-09-05). "A History of the Kalmar Nyckel and a New Look at New Sweden". Ithaca College. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
- ↑ Bender, James (2014). Dutch Warships in the Age of Sail 1600–1714 Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-84832-157-1.
- ↑ "The Kalmar Nyckel Ship Specifications". Kalmar Nyckel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
- ↑ Weslager, C. A. (1989). A Man and His Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel. Wilmington, Del.: Kalmar Nyckel Foundation.
- ↑ Fox, Margalit (2010-06-07). "Benjamin Lees, 86, Versatile Classical Composer". New York Times. p. A-19.
- ↑ Mayers, Barbara (2007). Toolbox: Ship's Cat on the Kalmar Nyckel. Bay Oak Publishers, Limited. ISBN 0-9741713-9-5. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- ↑ Ireland, Charles E. Jr. (2006). Toolbox. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 978-1-892142-30-6. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
- ↑ "A 'Purrrfect' Retirement for a Servant of the Sea". http://townsquaredelaware.com/. Town Square Delaware. January 30, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2015. External link in
|website=(help) - ↑ "Terms beginning with 'T'". DIY Wood Boat. Boating Terms and expressions. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
Other Sources
- "Kalmar Nyckel: Delaware's Tall Ship". TheBrandywine.com. 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- "A 'Purrrfect Retirement for a Servant of the Sea". Town Square Delaware. January 30, 2013.
External links
Coordinates: 39°44′13″N 75°32′12″W / 39.736878°N 75.536786°W