Kaga Domain
The Kaga Domain (加賀藩 Kaga han), also known as Kanazawa Domain (金沢藩 Kanazawa han),[1] was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It is associated with the provinces of Kaga, Noto and Etchū in modern-day Ishikawa Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture on the island of Honshū.
In the han system, Kaga was a political and economic abstraction based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[2] In other words, the domain was defined in terms of kokudaka, not land area.[3] This was different from the feudalism of the West.
History
Maeda Toshiie was a distinguished military commander, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and a close friend of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A member of the Council of Five Elders who ruled Japan during the Sengoku period, he was granted the Kaga Domain in 1583.[1] His eldest son, Maeda Toshinaga, supported Tokugawa Ieyasu in his rise to power and was rewarded by an increase in his lands to 1.25 million koku.[4] Except for the Tokugawa holdings, the domain was the richest in the nation.[5]
Toshinaga was succeeded by his brother Toshitsune, who created two cadet branches of the clan:
- the Toyama Domain (100,000 koku), headed by descendants of Toshitsune's second son Toshitsugu (1617-1674)
- the Daishōji Domain (100,000 koku), headed by descendants of Toshitsune's fourth son Toshiaki (1638-1692)
A third cadet line was founded by Toshitsune's brother Maeda Toshitaka for his services during the Siege of Osaka. This branch held the Nanokaichi Domain, rated at the minimum of 10,000 koku.
The Maeda clan ruled Kaga until the abolition of the domains in 1871.
List of daimyo
The hereditary daimyo were head of the clan and head of the domain.
- Toshiie[6]
- Toshinaga[6]
- Toshitsune[6]
- Mitsutaka[6]
- Tsunanori
- Yoshinori
- Munetoki
- Shigehiro
- Shigenobu
- Shigemichi
- Harunaga
- Narinaga
- Nariyasu
- Yoshiyasu
Genealogy
The clan records were preserved over the course of centuries.[7]
I. Toshiie, 1st Lord of Kaga (cr. 1583) (1539-1599; r. 1583-1599)
- II. Toshinaga, 2nd Lord of Kaga (1562-1614; r. 1599-1605)
- III. Toshitsune, 3rd Lord of Kaga (1594-1658; r. 1605-1639)
- IV. Mitsutaka, 4th Lord of Kaga (1616-1645; r. 1639-1645)
- V. Tsunanori, 5th Lord of Kaga (1643-1724; r. 1645-1723)
- VI. Yoshinori, 6th Lord of Kaga (1690-1745; r. 1723-1745)
- VII. Munetoki, 7th Lord of Kaga (1725-1747; r. 1745-1747)
- VIII. Shigehiro, 8th Lord of Kaga (1729-1753; r. 1747-1753)
- IX. Shigenobu, 9th Lord of Kaga (1735-1753; r. 1753)
- X. Shigemichi, 10th Lord of Kaga (1741-1786; r. 1754-1771)
- XII. Narinaga, 12th Lord of Kaga (1782-1824; r. 1802-1822)
- XIII. Nariyasu, 13th Lord of Kaga (1811-1884; r. 1822-1866)
- XIV. Yoshiyasu, 14th Lord of Kaga, 14th family head (1830-1874; r. 1866-1869; Governor: 1869-1871; family head: 1869-1874)
- Yoshitsugu, 15th family head, 1st Marquess (1858-1900; 15th family head 1874-1900, Marquess: 1884).
- XI. Harunaga, 11th Lord of Kaga (1745-1810; r. 1771-1802).
- Toshiaki, 4th Lord of Kaga-Daishōji (1691-1737)
- Toshimichi, 5th Lord of Kaga-Daishōji (1733-1781)
- Toshitoyo, 9th Lord of Etchū-Toyama (1771-1836)
- Toshihiro, 11th Lord of Ueno-Nanokaichi (1823-1877)
- Toshiaki, Governor of Nanokaichi, 1st Viscount (1850-1896; Governor of Nanokaichi 1869-1871, created 1st Viscount 1884)
- Toshinari, 16th family head, 2nd Marquess (1885-1942; 16th family head and 2nd Marquess 1900-1942)
- Toshitatsu, 17th family head, 3rd Marquess (1908-1989; 17th family head 1942-1989, 3rd Marquess 1942-1947)
- Toshihiro, 18th family head (1935- ; 18th family head 1989-)
- Toshitaka (1963-)
- Toshikyo (1993-)
- Toshitaka (1963-)
- Toshihiro, 18th family head (1935- ; 18th family head 1989-)
- Toshitatsu, 17th family head, 3rd Marquess (1908-1989; 17th family head 1942-1989, 3rd Marquess 1942-1947)
- Toshinari, 16th family head, 2nd Marquess (1885-1942; 16th family head and 2nd Marquess 1900-1942)
- Toshiaki, Governor of Nanokaichi, 1st Viscount (1850-1896; Governor of Nanokaichi 1869-1871, created 1st Viscount 1884)
- Toshihiro, 11th Lord of Ueno-Nanokaichi (1823-1877)
- Toshitoyo, 9th Lord of Etchū-Toyama (1771-1836)
- Toshimichi, 5th Lord of Kaga-Daishōji (1733-1781)
See also
References
- 1 2 "Kaga Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com; retrieved 2013-4-9.
- ↑ Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
- ↑ Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.
- ↑ Japanese Wikipedia article
- ↑ Totman, Conrad. (1993). Early Modern Japan, p. 119.
- 1 2 3 4 Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Maeda" at Nobiliare du Japon, p. 28; retrieved 2013-4-9.
- ↑ 前田氏 at ReichsArchiv.jp; retrieved 2013-7-9. (Japanese)
Further reading
- Brown, Philip C. (1993). Central authority and local autonomy in the formation of early modern Japan: the case of Kaga domain. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
- Chūda Toshio 忠田敏男 (1993). Sankin kōtai dōchūki: Kaga-han shiryō o yomu 参勤交代道中記: 加賀藩史料を読む. Tokyo: Heibonsha 平凡社.
- Flershem, Robert G., and Yoshiko N. Flershem (1980). Kaga, a domain which changed slowly. Hamburg: Gesellschaft für Natur und Völkerkunde Ostasiens.
- McClain, James L. (1982). Kanazawa : a seventeenth-century Japanese castle town. New Haven: Yale University Press.