KIR2DL4

Not to be confused with NKR2B4.

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4

Rendering of KIR2DL4 from PDB 1EFX

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
3WYR

Identifiers

Symbols

KIR2DL4 ; CD158D; G9P; KIR-103AS; KIR103; KIR103AS

External IDs

OMIM: 604945 HomoloGene: 124412 GeneCards: KIR2DL4 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• transmembrane signaling receptor activity • protein binding
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • membrane
Biological process	• cellular defense response • signal transduction • regulation of immune response
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

n/a

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001080770

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RefSeq (protein)

NP_001074239

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Location (UCSC)

Chr 19:
54.8 – 54.81 Mb

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PubMed search

n/a

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIR2DL4 gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of CD8+ T cells.^[3] The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.^[2]

The only so far reported ligand of KIR2DL4 is the non-classical HLA class 1 gene HLA-G, leading to the inhibition of the cytolytic NK cell function.^[3]

References

↑ Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B (October 1996). "NK cell receptor gene of the KIR family with two IG domains but highest homology to KIR receptors with three IG domains". Tissue Antigens 48 (4 Pt 1): 285–94. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1996.tb02647.x. PMID 8946682.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: KIR2DL4 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4".
1 2 Carosella ED, Favier B, Rouas-Freiss N, Moreau P, Lemaoult J (May 2008). "Beyond the increasing complexity of the immunomodulatory HLA-G molecule". Blood 111 (10): 4862–70. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-127662. PMID 18334671.

Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B (1997). "Polymorphism and domain variability of human killer cell inhibitory receptors". Immunol. Rev. 155: 183–96. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00951.x. PMID 9059894.
Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Palanisamy N, Chaganti RS, Dupont B (1997). "Genomic organization and allelic polymorphism of the human killer cell inhibitory receptor gene KIR103". Tissue Antigens 49 (6): 564–73. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02803.x. PMID 9234477.
Valiante NM, Uhrberg M, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Arnett KL, D'Andrea A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Parham P (1997). "Functionally and structurally distinct NK cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood of two human donors". Immunity 7 (6): 739–51. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80393-3. PMID 9430220.
Uhrberg M, Valiante NM, Shum BP, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Corliss B, Tyan D, Lanier LL, Parham P (1997). "Human diversity in killer cell inhibitory receptor genes". Immunity 7 (6): 753–63. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80394-5. PMID 9430221.
Rajagopalan S, Long EO (1999). "A human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G-specific receptor expressed on all natural killer cells". J. Exp. Med. 189 (7): 1093–100. doi:10.1084/jem.189.7.1093. PMC 2193010. PMID 10190900.
Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Canavez F, Vilches C, Parham P (2001). "Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors". Tissue Antigens 57 (1): 22–31. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057001022.x. PMID 11169255.
Rajagopalan S, Fu J, Long EO (2001). "Cutting edge: induction of IFN-gamma production but not cytotoxicity by the killer cell Ig-like receptor KIR2DL4 (CD158d) in resting NK cells". J. Immunol. 167 (4): 1877–81. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.1877. PMID 11489965.
Witt CS, Whiteway JM, Warren HS, Barden A, Rogers M, Martin A, Beilin L, Christiansen FT (2002). "Alleles of the KIR2DL4 receptor and their lack of association with pre-eclampsia". Eur. J. Immunol. 32 (1): 18–29. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200201)32:1<18::AID-IMMU18>3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 11754000.
Yusa S, Catina TL, Campbell KS (2002). "SHP-1- and phosphotyrosine-independent inhibitory signaling by a killer cell Ig-like receptor cytoplasmic domain in human NK cells". J. Immunol. 168 (10): 5047–57. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.5047. PMID 11994457.
Faure M, Long EO (2002). "KIR2DL4 (CD158d), an NK cell-activating receptor with inhibitory potential". J. Immunol. 168 (12): 6208–14. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6208. PMID 12055234.
Santourlidis S, Trompeter HI, Weinhold S, Eisermann B, Meyer KL, Wernet P, Uhrberg M (2002). "Crucial role of DNA methylation in determination of clonally distributed killer cell Ig-like receptor expression patterns in NK cells". J. Immunol. 169 (8): 4253–61. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4253. PMID 12370356.
Chan HW, Kurago ZB, Stewart CA, Wilson MJ, Martin MP, Mace BE, Carrington M, Trowsdale J, Lutz CT (2003). "DNA methylation maintains allele-specific KIR gene expression in human natural killer cells". J. Exp. Med. 197 (2): 245–55. doi:10.1084/jem.20021127. PMC 2193817. PMID 12538663.
Becker S, Tonn T, Füssel T, Uhrberg M, Bogdanow M, Seifried E, Seidl C (2003). "Assessment of killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor expression and corresponding HLA class I phenotypes demonstrates heterogenous KIR expression independent of anticipated HLA class I ligands". Hum. Immunol. 64 (2): 183–93. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00802-9. PMID 12559621.
Gómez-Lozano N, de Pablo R, Puente S, Vilches C (2003). "Recognition of HLA-G by the NK cell receptor KIR2DL4 is not essential for human reproduction". Eur. J. Immunol. 33 (3): 639–44. doi:10.1002/eji.200323741. PMID 12616484.
Stewart CA, Van Bergen J, Trowsdale J (2003). "Different and divergent regulation of the KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL1 promoters". J. Immunol. 170 (12): 6073–81. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.12.6073. PMID 12794136.
Williams F, Maxwell LD, Halfpenny IA, Meenagh A, Sleator C, Curran MD, Middleton D (2003). "Multiple copies of KIR 3DL/S1 and KIR 2DL4 genes identified in a number of individuals". Hum. Immunol. 64 (7): 729–32. doi:10.1016/S0198-8859(03)00089-2. PMID 12826375.
Goodridge JP, Witt CS, Christiansen FT, Warren HS (2003). "KIR2DL4 (CD158d) genotype influences expression and function in NK cells". J. Immunol. 171 (4): 1768–74. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.1768. PMID 12902476.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)

1-50	CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50

51-100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100

101-150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150

151-200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200

201-250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249

251-300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299

301-350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

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KIR2DL4

Function

See also

References

Further reading