Jalandhar

जलंधर, Jalandhar ਜਲੰਧਰ जलंधर Jullundur
Metropolitan City
Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala Road, Jalandhar[2]
Nickname(s): JUC, JRC
जलंधर, Jalandhar
Coordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°E / 31.326; 75.576Coordinates: 31°19′34″N 75°34′34″E / 31.326°N 75.576°E / 31.326; 75.576
Country	India
State	Punjab
District	Jalandhar
Government
• Commissioner	Sh. Manpreet Singh Chattwal[3]
• Mayor	Sh. Sunil Jyoti[4]
Area
• Total	3,401 km2 (1,313 sq mi)
Elevation	228 m (748 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	862,196
• Density	250/km2 (660/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Punjabi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	144 001
Telephone code	+91-181-XXX XXXX
Vehicle registration	PB 08

Jalandhar (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਜਲੰਧਰ), formerly Jullundur, is a city in the northwestern India state of Punjab.

The oldest city in Punjab and one of the oldest in the country, Jalandhar has seen rapid urbanization and developed into a highly industrialised centre of commercial activity in recent years. Jalandhar was the capital of Punjab from India's independence (1947) until Chandigarh was built in 1953. On the Grand Trunk Road, it is a major rail and road junction and is 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. The city was known as Jullundur in British India.

History

The history of Jalandhar District comprises three periods — ancient, medieval and modern.

In ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from Ravi River to Sutlej River. The city^[5] is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who is mentioned in the Puranas and Mahabharta. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of lav, son of Rama. According to another version Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term `Jalandhar' means area inside the water, i.e., tract lying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas. Another name was Trigartta, as it was waters by three rivers, Satluj, Beas and Ravi. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.

The modern history of Jalandhar District states that Khilafat Movement was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious Meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however, the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country.

Geography

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures have highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm.

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female. The literacy rate was 85.46 per cent.^[7]

Economy

Upmarket localities include Civil lines, Mota Singh Nagar, Green Park, Green Model Town, Model Town, Jawahar Nagar, Gupta Colony, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Urban Estate Phase I & II, New Jawahar Nagar, Defence Colony, Adarsh nagar, Adampur Doaba, J.P. Nagar, Dilbagh Nagar, Grover Colony, Central Town etc.

Jalandhar provides goods like glass and furniture to neighbouring cities and is a hub of sports goods manufacture for international market.

Transport

By air

The nearest airport is Pathankot Airport at Pathankot, about 90 km and Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport at Amritsar, about 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Jalandhar. It is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including Birmingham, Dubai and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

Shaheed-E-Aazam Sardar Bhagat Singh, Interstate Bus Stand, Jalandhar

Jalandhar City railway station is well connected to other parts of country. Jalandhar city is a major station of the Amritsar-Delhi rail link. It is very well connected to capital Delhi by daily trains like Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express and other mail/superfast express. Direct train service is available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains that halt in Jalandhar City railway station are Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express. Now many trains of Jammu route are extend up to Mata Vaishno Devi-Katra.

By road

There is a large network of bus services of Punjab, Himachal, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, U.P., Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators. Jalandhar has many good road services.

Commerce

Shopping

Viva Collage Mall

Shopping malls in Jalandhar include:

• Viva Collage Mall
• MBD Neopollis
• The Galleria
• Curo High Street
• Sarb Multiplex
• Splendor Shagun
• PPR Mall
• Naaz Shopping Center
• The Metropolitan
• City Square
• Vasal Tower
• LPU Shoping Mall
• Lovely Mart
• Lovely Bakers
• One Stop Shope
• Jyoti Mall
• Chunmun Mall
• The Parikrama
• The City Square
• The Kla Niketan

Religious places

Baba Peer in Jalandhar

• Gurduwara Thra Sahib (Hazara Village)
• Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Jalandhar Cantt)
• Mayaan da Gurudwara (Jalandhar Cantt)
• Gurudwara Kakipind Rama mandi
• Devi Talab Mandir
• Imam Nasir Mausoleum and Jamma Masjid
• Shiv Mandir
• Shiv Bari Mandir
• Tulsi Mandir
• Gurdwara Chhevin Pathshahi
• Gurudwara Singh Sabha-Model Town
• Gurudwara Talhan Sahib
• St Mary's Cathedral Church (Jalandhar Cantt)
• Gurudwara Nauwi Patshahi
• Church of North India (CNI) Mission Compound
• Gurdwara Panj Tirth Sahib (Jandu Singha)
• Gurudwara Baba Shaheed Nihal Singh Ji Talhan

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar

View Of WonderLand's Water Park in the Evening

Science City

View of Nikku Park

• Pushpa Gujral Science City
• Fun City
• Shaheed-E-Azam Sardar Bhagat Museum Khatkar Kalan
• Company Bagh
• Niku Park, Model Town
• Wonder Land^[9]
• Adarsh Nagar Park

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.

Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India).^[10] It was established in 1979 and produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city is the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Dainik Bhaskar, Hind Samachar, etc.^{[11][12][13][14]}

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar that transmits programs of mass interest. FM local radio stations include:

• Radio Mantra 91.9 MHz
• BIG FM 92.7 92.7 MHz
• 94.3 FM-My Fm- 94.3 MHz
• Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz
• All India Radio 102.7 MHz

Healthcare

According to the Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar, there are over 420 hospitals in Jalandhar. The city claims to have highest number of hospitals in Asia.

Among them are

• PIMS Hospital
• Guru Nanak Mission Hospital
• Meena Gupta hospital
• Patel Hospital
• Jammu Hospital
• Joshi Hospital
• Bhutani Hospital
• Sharanjeet Hospital
• Ghai Hospital
• Civil Hospital
• Tagore Hospital
• Tyagmurti Hospital
• Sigma Hospital
• Sikka Hospital
• Karan Hospital

Sports

Dog Show held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is an international-standard stadium at Burlton Park. The Indian cricket team played a Test Match against the Pakistan cricket team on this ground on 24 September 1983.

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of JCT Mills Football Club. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. The Punjab government has started new projects at the stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar-born Olympian Surjit Singh. This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports college

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this college, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball, basketball, etc.

Education

Schools

St. Joseph's Boys' school in Jalandhar.

• CT Public School, Jalandhar
• St. Joseph's Boys' School, Jalandhar
• Seventh Day Adventist Senior Secondary School Jalandhar
• Kendriya Vidyalaya Suranussi
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Adampur
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Adampur
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1 Jalandhar cantt
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Jalandhar cantt
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 Jalandhar cantt
• Kendriya Vidyalaya No.4 Jalandhar cantt
• Apeejay School Ramamandi, Jalandhar
• Mayor World School urban estate phase-2, jalandhar
• Apeejay School New Jawahar Nagar, Jalandhar
• Apeejay School Model Town, Jalandhar
• Swami Sant Dass Public School, Jalandhar
• Guru Amar Dass Public School, Model Town, Jalandhar
• British Olivia School Jalandhar
• Shiv Jyoti Public School,Jalandhar
• Tagore International Smart School,Jalandhar
• Cambridge International School For Girls, Jalandhar
• Cambridge International School (Co-Ed),Jalandhar
• Cambridge International Foundation School,Jalandhar
• Delhi Public School, Jalandhar
• Police DAV Public School
• DIPS School,Jalandhar
• IVY WorldPlay School
• Lawrence International School
• MGN Public School, Jalandhar
• Diwan Chand Dada SD Model School (Diwan Chand Dada was founder of Maharaja Steel Rolling Mills Pvt Limited India in 1944 and was co-founder of SD school and colleges in Jalandhar)
• Dharam Paul Dada SD Public School
• Seth Hukam Chand SD Public School
• Dayanand Model School, Dayanand Nagar
• Dayanand Model School, Model Town
• Shree Mahavir Jain Senior Secondary School, Vijay Nagar
• B.S.F Sr. Sec. School, Jalndhar Cantt

Colleges

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Higher education institutions include:

• CT Group of Institute, Jalandhar
• DAV College, Jalandhar
• Punjab Technical University
• Doaba Collage
• St. Soldier Management & Technical Institute
• Sant Baba Bhag Singh University
• Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus, Jalandhar (Punjab)
• Trinity Collage
• Mehr Chand Polytechnic College
• B.D Arya Girls collage
• Lyallpur Khalsa College
• Lyallpur Khalsa College for Women
• KCL Group of Institute
• Mata Gujri Institute of Nursing
• Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences

Universities

• National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar
• DAV University
• Lovely Professional University
• Sant Baba Bhag Singh University

Jalandhar Cantonment

Notable people

Bhagat Singh

Yash Chopra

The Great Khali is from Shimla district on the way to Chopal. He belongs to the Rana Dynasty of Himachal

Amrish Puri

Ashwini Kumar Chopra

Harbhajan Singh

Rannvijay Singh

Karan Kundra

I. K. Gujral

Dharam Singh Uppal

Sugandha Mishra

References

External links

Look up Jalandhar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jalandhar.

• Jalandhar travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website
• Paper about the Jalandhari presence in the UK, Centre for Applied South Asian Studies (CASAS)

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