Julia Caesaris
Julia Caesaris (Classical Latin: IVLIA•CAESARIS) is the name of all women in the Julii Caesares patrician family (a subdivision of the Julii family), since feminine names were their father's gens and cognomen declined in the female form. (Male members of the Julii Caesares include Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus.) Several Juliae Caesares are cited by the ancient sources, notably the following:
Julia Cornelia
Julia Caesaris (d. 104 BC) known in modern day references as Julia Cornelia to distinguish her from her other family members. She was the first cousin of Julius Caesar's father and wife of Lucius Cornelius Sulla.[1]
Wife of Marius
Julia Caesaris (d. 69 BC) was the paternal aunt of Julius Caesar and the wife of Gaius Marius.
Julia Antonia
Julia Caesaris (approx. 104 BC – after 39 BC), known in the sources as Julia Antonia to distinguish her from the others, was the wife of Marcus Antonius Creticus and mother of Gaius and Lucius Antonius and Mark Antony, the triumvir.
Eldest sister of Julius Caesar
The eldest of the two sisters of Julius Caesar is known only from a passage in which Suetonius mentions her two grandsons, Lucius Pinarius and Quintus Pedius.[2] If the two men were actually her sons, as has been conjectured,[3] she was married, in an uncertain order, to a Pinarius, of a very ancient patrician family,[4] and a Pedius. The eldest of the two elder sisters of Julius Caesar is sometimes called Julia Major (Major Latin for the elder) by historians (but she should not be confused with Julia the Elder, daughter of Emperor Augustus). It is not known if it was the elder or the younger of the dictator's sisters who gave evidence against Publius Clodius Pulcher when he was impeached for impiety in 61 BC.
Youngest sister of Julius Caesar
Called Julia Caesaris like her only sister, this youngest of the two elder sisters of Julius Caesar is sometimes called Julia Minor, (Minor Latin for the younger), not be confused with Julia the Younger, Augustus' first granddaughter and her own great-great-granddaughter. Julius Caesar's youngest sister (101 BC-51 BC) became the grandmother of Augustus.
Daughter of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar's only legitimate child to survive to adulthood, married strategically to Pompey to cement the First Triumvirate, died in childbirth in 54 BC.
Augustus' daughter
Julia Caesaris (October 39 BC-AD 14), also known as Julia the Elder, was the only child of Augustus, from his second marriage with Scribonia.
Augustus' granddaughter
Daughter of the previous, a.k.a. Julia Caesaris minor (or "the Younger"), a.k.a. Vipsania Julia.
Daughter of Drusus the Younger
Julia (5 - 43), was the daughter of Julius Caesar Drusus and Livilla. She was the elder sister to Tiberius Gemellus and the biological granddaughter of Tiberius. She is known as Julia Drusi Caesaris Filia or Livia Julia.
Agrippina the Younger
Julia Agrippina or Agrippina Minor (Minor Latin for the younger, 15 - 59) was the eldest daughter of Germanicus, who was a member of the gens Claudius by birth, but was adopted into the family of the Julii Caesares by Tiberius. Despite the adoption of her father, Agrippina the Younger is rarely indicated by the Julia Caesaris reference.
Second daughter of Germanicus
Like with her sister Agrippina, Julia Drusilla or Drusilla (16 - 38) was rarely indicated by the Julia Caesaris reference. She was the first younger sister to Agrippina the Younger and beloved sister to Caligula. Caligula's daughter, Julia Drusilla was named after her.
Youngest daughter of Germanicus
Like her two elder sisters, Julia Livilla or Julia Livia (18 - late 41 or early 42) is also rarely indicated by the Julia Caesaris reference.
Daughter of Caligula
Julia Drusilla (AD 39 – 41) was born a Julia Caesaris (her father Caligula was a Julius Caesar) but rarely or never indicated as Julia Caesaris.
See also
- Julio-Claudian family tree
- Women in Rome
- SPQR series (in this series another Julia Caesaris is a fictional niece of Julius Caesar, apparently through his brother)
References
- ↑ Keaveney, Arthur, Sulla: The Last Republican, Routledge; 2 edition (June 23, 2005). Page 8. ISBN 978-0-415-33660-4.
- ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars: Life of Julius Caesar 83. See also App. B. C. iii. 22, 23.
- ↑ Friedrich Münzer, Aus dem Verwandtenkreise Caesars und Octavians, in: Hermes, vol. 71, 1936, p. 222–230.
- ↑ Livy Ab Urbe condita i. 7