Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer

Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer Puerto Rican is a member of the Los Macheteros during the 1970s) who became eligible for release from prison five years after accepting President Bill Clinton's clemency offer on September 7, 1999. He had received a sentence of 55 years for seditious conspiracy, and weapons and conspiracy charges, along with interference with interstate commerce, in connection with the Wells Fargo Depot robbery. He was sentenced on June 15, 1989.[1][2] Segarra-Palmer is one of the founders of the clandestine Puerto Rican pro-independence group Los Macheteros.

Early years and personal life

Segarra-Palmer was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico in 1950. He came from a family with a long history of resistance to both Spanish and U.S. colonialism. During his youth Segarra-Palmer did cultural work in the poor barrios of New York, in the prisons in Boston, and in the anti-mining crusades and the land rescue movement in Puerto Rico. After attending Phillips Academy Andover, he graduated from Harvard University and continued studying in Cuernavaca, Mexico. He is married to ex-political prisoner Lucy Berrios and has five children: Amilcar, Ramon, Wanda, Luriza, and Zulena.[3]

Seditious conspiracy

In 1985 he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the U.S. government in Puerto Rico and to obtain money from the Wells Fargo company, insured by the United States government, to continue the independence struggle in Puerto Rico. He was serving a 60-year sentence in Atlanta, Georgia.[3]

At his trial proceedings, he declared his status as prisoner of war, and refused to participate in the proceedings.[4]

Political activism

The Wells Fargo Depot robbery occurred on 12 September 1983, a day coinciding with the birthdate of Puerto Rican Nationalist Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos.[5] The robbery took place in West Hartford, Connecticut and netted over $7 USD million.[6] It was "then the largest cash heist in U.S. history."[7]

The Macheteros's code name for the robbery was "White Eagle" (or Águila Blanca in Spanish). According to the Macheteros part of the money was used to give to the poor communities of Puerto Rico to fund education, food, housing, clothing and even toys for children.[5] According to prosecutors the money was used to finance Los Macheteros.[8]

Charges

The FBI charges against Segarra-Palmer for this robbery include: obstruction of commerce by robbery and conspiracy, bank robbery, aggravated robbery, theft from interstate shipment, foreign and interstate transportation of stolen money, and conspiracy to interfere with commerce by robbery.[9] The group asserted that the money was not used for personal gain, but to further the struggle for Puerto Rico's independence.[5]

The Well Fargo robbery incident resulted in no deaths or injuries.[2] Segarra-Palmer was given a 55-year federal sentence for seditious conspiracy and other charges.[1] Among the other convicted Puerto Rican nationalists there were sentences of as long as 90 years in Federal prisons for offenses including sedition, possession of unregistered firearms, interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, interference with interstate commerce by violence and interstate transportation of firearms with intent to commit a crime.[2] None of those granted clemency were convicted in any of the actual bombings. Rather, they had been convicted on a variety of charges ranging from bomb making and conspiracy to armed robbery and firearms violations.[10] They were all convicted for sedition, the act of attempting to overthrow the Government of the United States in Puerto Rico by force.[1][11]

Sentence

Juan Segarra Palmer, one of the leaders of the group, was sentenced to 55 years in prison.[12]

Political prisoner

At the time of his arrest Segarra-Palmer and the others declared themselves to be combatants in an anti-colonial war against the United States to liberate Puerto Rico from U.S. domination and invoked prisoner of war status. They argued that the U.S. courts did not have jurisdiction to try them as criminals and petitioned for their cases to be handed over to an international court that would determine their status. The U.S. Government, however, did not recognize their request.[3]

The sentences received by Segarra-Palmer and the other Nationalists were judged to be "out of proportion to the nationalists' offenses."[2] Statistics showed their sentences were almost 20 times greater than sentences for similar offenses by the American population at large.[3]

In 1999, Segarra-Palmer was one of the Macheteros members whose sentences were commuted by President Bill Clinton.[13]

For many years, numerous national and international organizations criticized Segarra-Palmer's incarceration categorizing it as political imprisonment.[14][15] President Bill Clinton extended him conditional clemency, which he refused, though he was still released 12 years early, in 2004.[16][17][18] Clinton cited Rev. Desmond Tutu and former President Jimmy Carter as having been influential on his decision to grant Cortes the clemency offer.[19] Cases involving the release of other Puerto Rican Nationalist prisoners have also been categorized as cases of political prisoners.[20][21][22][23]

In criticizing President Clinton's decision to release the Puerto Rican prisoners, the conservative U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee also categorized Cortes as a "Puerto Rican Nationalist", echoing a recent Newsweek article.[24] In 2006, the United Nations called for the release of the remaining Puerto Rican political prisoners in United States prisons.[25]

Segarra-Palmer was freed in January 2004.[26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "United States Department of Justice. Office of the Pardon Attorney: Commutations of Sentences". Justice.gov. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions" by John M. Broder. The New York Times September 8, 1999
  3. 1 2 3 4 "ProLIBERTAD. ''ProLIBERTAD Campaign for the Freedom of Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War: Arm the Spirit'' 30 October 1995". Hartford-hwp.com. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  4. ↑ Prendergast, Alan. End of the Line. Denver Westword, July 12, 1995. Retrieved on 2008-11-21
  5. 1 2 3 Ultima Hora (San Juan, PR) September 12, 2008. Machetero revela destino del millonario botín robado a la Wells Fargo. By Iñaki Estívaliz, Agencia EFE. Accessed November 20, 2009.
  6. ↑ La Crónica Gráfica (San Juan, Puerto Rico), 1987. Los Macheteros: El robo de $7 millones de la Wells Fargo (Spanish) By Armando André. (5th in a 6 Article Series) Accessed November 20, 2009.
  7. ↑ The Hartford (Connecticut, USA) Courant. February 8, 2008. Wells Fargo Fugitive Captured: Suspect Allegedly Transported Cash From $7 Million Robbery To Mexico By Edmund H. Mahony, Courant Staff Writer Retrieved November 30, 2009.
  8. ↑ "4 of 5 Men Are Convicted In '83 Wells Fargo Robbery". The New York TImes. April 11, 1989. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  9. ↑ The Hartford Courant. February 8, 2008. Wells Fargo Fugitive Captured: Suspect Allegedly Transported Cash From $7 Million Robbery To Mexico By Edmund H. Mahony, Courant Staff Writer Retrieved November 30, 2009.
  10. ↑ "CNN. Eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed from Prison.'' September 10, 1999". Cnn.com. 1999-09-10. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  11. ↑ Hanley, Charles J. (1998-05-10). "The Seattle Times.''Puerto Rican Inmate Has No Regrets For His Terrorist Actions.'' By Charles J. Hanley. May 10, 1998". Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  12. ↑ "Philadelphia Inquirer. ''Puerto Rican Nationalist Sentenced in Robbery Plot.'' Page C11. June 16, 1989". Nl.newsbank.com. June 16, 1989. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  13. ↑ "The New York Times. ''Militant Is Sentenced In Wells Fargo Theft.'' July 2, 1992". Nytimes.com. 1992-07-02. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  14. ↑ Peoples Law Office. "Puerto Rico".
  15. ↑ "Cable News Network (CNN). ''Eleven Puerto Rican nationalists Freed from Prison.'' September 10, 1999". CNN. 1999-09-10. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  16. ↑ John, Broder. "12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions". AP. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
  17. ↑ Hundreds Greet Nationalist Freed After 19 Years In Prison. Laura Rivera Melendez, Associated Press. 25 January 2004. Puerto Rico Herald. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  18. ↑ "United States Department of Justice. Press Release. August 11, 1999". Justice.gov. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  19. ↑ "CNN. ''FALN prisoners another step closer to freedom: Clinton condemned on Capitol Hill for clemency.'' September 9, 1999". Cnn.com. 1999-09-09. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  20. ↑ "Fox News Network. ''Puerto Rican Nationalist Sentenced to 7 Years for 1983 Wells Fargo Robbery in Conn.'' May 26, 2010". Foxnews.com. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  21. ↑ Chicago Sun-Times. Puerto Rican community celebrates release of political prisoner. Archived July 31, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ↑ Danica Coto (July 28, 2010). "The Huffington Post. ''Carlos Alberto Torres, Puerto Rican Nationalist Imprisoned In Illinois For 30 Years, Returns Home To Puerto Rico .'' July 28, 2010". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  23. ↑ Martin, Douglas (2010-08-03). "The New York Times. ''Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican Nationalist, Dies at 90''. By Douglas Martin. August 3, 2010". Puerto Rico: Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  24. ↑ "U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee. ''Al Gore: Quick to Condemn "Arms-for-Hostages," but What About "Terrorists-for-Votes?"'' September 21, 1999". Rpc.senate.gov. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
  25. ↑ United Nations General Assembly. Special Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader’s Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of Vieques. June 12, 2006.(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings. (Issued on 13 June 2006.)
  26. ↑ "Hundreds Greet Nationalist Freed After 19 Years In Prison". Puerto Rico Herald. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
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