John Richmond Webb

General John Richmond Webb (26 December 1667 – 5 September 1724) was an English and British military leader and Member of Parliament.

Webb was the son of Colonel Edmund Richmond Webb, a Wiltshire gentleman with a position in the household of Prince George of Denmark and second cousin to another Wiltshire man, Henry St John, who was to become the Tory leader in Parliament during the reign of Queen Anne. Webb was commissioned as a Cornet of Dragoons in 1687, and on 3 February 1690 he married Henrietta Borlase, daughter of William Borlase and Joanna Bancks. In 1692, possibly using the wealth he acquired by his marriage, he purchased Biddesden House at Ludgershall in Wiltshire, an estate which carried with it the decisive electoral influence over the pocket borough of the same name.

He entered Parliament in 1695 as Tory member for Ludgershall, and became a close political follower of St John. In the same year, he was promoted to Colonel of Princess Anne of Denmark's Regiment of Foot in 1695. In September 1697, Webb was dangerously injured in a duel. The following year he briefly lost his seat in Parliament, but his defeat at Ludgershall was overturned on petition. He served in Flanders in the campaign of 1702-1703, was a Brigadier at the Battle of Blenheim and a Major-General at Ramillies and Oudenarde.

In September 1708, commanding the British troops at the Battle of Wijnendale, he succeeded in protecting a convoy from superior French forces and delivering supplies to the besiegers of Lille, which led eventually to the town's capture; but opponents of the army commander, Marlborough, accused him of giving the credit in his initial dispatch to Webb's Whig subordinate, William Cadogan, for political reasons. Webb subsequently received full credit and the thanks of Parliament for the action, and the following year he was promoted to Lieutenant-General. Nevertheless, from this point onwards Webb became the centre of Tory agitation against Marlborough.

In 1709, Webb served at the Battle of Malplaquet, where he was severely wounded; he was awarded a substantial pension and returned to England, seeing no further active service. In 1710 he was appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight, a military post which among other advantages gave substantial influence in choosing the Members of Parliament who sat for the island's three boroughs; he took advantage of this by sitting as MP for Newport (Isle of Wight), a constituency traditionally represented by at least one distinguished military or naval figure, from 1713 to 1715. Furthermore, in 1712 he was promoted to General, and appointed commander of land forces in Great Britain. However, together with the other Tories, he was dismissed from his offices following the accession of George I. Unable to expect re-election at Newport under the new Governor, his old rival Cadogan, he was forced once more to fall back on the family seat at Ludgershall, which he represented again from 1715 until his death.

His brother Thomas Richmond Webb was an ancestor of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, and Webb is sympathetically depicted in Thackeray's historical novel The History of Henry Esmond. His eldest son, also called John Richmond Webb, was a lawyer, and briefly a judge and Member of Parliament.

References

• Sir George Clark, The Later Stuarts 1660-1714 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955)
• David Hayton, Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley, The House of Commons, 1690-1715 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002)
• Mark Noble & James Granger, A Biographical History of England, from the Revolution to the End of George I's Reign (London: W Richardson, 1806)
• Robert Walcott, English Politics in the Early Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)
• Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
• History of Parliament Online article by D.W. Hayton (volume 1690-1715)
• History of Parliament Online article by Eveline Cruickshanks (volume 1715-1754)
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
• thepeerage.com
• regiments.org

External links

• The History of Henry Esmond at Project Gutenberg