Johann and Wendelin of Speyer
The brothers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer (also known as de Speier[1] and by their Italian names of Giovanni and Vendelino da Spira) were German printers in Venice from 1468 to 1477.
They were among the first of those who came to Italy from Mainz, after 1462, to introduce printing. Knowledge of their lives is scanty. They came originally from Speyer. Early in 1460-61 Johann appears in Mainz as a goldsmith. In 1468, with his wife, children, and brother Wendelin, he set out for Italy, settling in Venice.
First books
The Venetian Senate extended a cordial welcome to Johann, and granted him a monopoly of printing for five years. His first book, Cicero's Epistolae ad familiares, appeared in 1469. During the printing of Augustine's De Civitate Dei (1470) Johann died, and Wendelin completed it, assuming control of the business and carried it on until 1477. About 1472 he associated with him the German printer, Johann von Köln. Together they issued seven works. Before Johann died, four great works had been issued: two editions of Cicero; Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia; and one volume of Livy. The De Civitate Dei had been begun. Within seven months eight hundred volumes were printed.
Series
From 1470 to 1477 Wendelin issued over seventy major works (Italian and Roman classics, Fathers of the Church, jurists, etc.). Johann printed in an antique type modelled after the best Italian manuscript writing, beautiful, and carefully cut. It is superior to the later antique type, which deteriorated through desire to save space, and it is almost equal to the beautiful type of Jenson. Johann's clear type and his entire technical execution are surprisingly perfect.
Type faces
In addition to this first type, Wendelin used five newly cut types of exquisite workmanship, among them three slender Gothic models, probably reduced to save space. His work showed the same correctness of text, beauty of printing, and evenness that had characterized Johann's. The latter was the first printer to number the leaves with Arabic figures, and was also the first who used the colon and interrogation point. In Wendelin's books appeared for the first time the so-called catch-words (Kustoden), that is to say he printed on the lower margin of each page the first word of the page following.
The Speyer brothers are sometimes credited as the originators of the Roman type of character of movable type, other contenders being Pannartz and Sweynheim and Nicholas Jenson.
References
- ↑ Robinson, Anton Meredith Lewin (1979). "4. The spread of printing". From monolith to microfilm: the story of the recorded word. Cape Town: South African Library. p. 25. ISBN 0-86968-020-X.
The first printer [in Venice] was Johann de Speier
- Wallau, Heinrich Wilhelm. "Johann and Wendelin von Speyer". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007.
- Denis, Suffragium pro J. de Spira (Vienna, 1794)
- Brown, Venetian Printing Press (London, 1891)
- Ongania, Art de l'imprimerie a Venise (Venice, 1895-6)
- Hartwig et al., Festschrift zum 500 jahr. Geburstage von Johann Gutenberg (Mainz, 1900), 342.
- Example of Wendelin of Speyer printing
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.