Jigda-Khatun

Jigda-Khatun (Georgian: ჯიგდა-ხათუნი) (died 1252) was a queen consort of Georgia as the first wife of King David VII Ulu.

Origin and marriage

The medieval Georgian chronicles provide no information regarding Jigda-Khatun's origin. Her name betrays a possible Mongol connection. According to the modern historian Ivane Javakhishvili, David might have married her, around 1247, for political reasons while he stayed at the court of the Mongol Great Khan Güyük, pending his recognition as the king of Georgia and settlement of a succession dispute with his namesake cousin, David VI Narin.^[1] Another modern scholar Cyril Toumanoff considers Jigda a Seljuq princess, daughter of the sultan of Rum.^[2] A church inscription from Abelia in the south of Georgia mentions her as Tamar-Khatun, indicating that she received a new, Christian name in Georgia.^[3]

Regency

Jigda-Khatun's involvement in the government of Georgia was occasioned by David's departure for the court of Batu Khan, when she, together with the courtier Jikur, was left in charge of regency. Jikur, although holding a relatively minor office of Master of Ceremonies (mestumre), had risen to prominence thanks to his undaunted loyalty to David and had been instrumental in reducing brigandage in the country. Thus, Jikur was left to protect the queen in Tbilisi. He was also responsible for the construction of the royal palace at Isani and levying tribute upon the "savage" mountaineers of Pkhovi.^[4][5] Jigda-Khatun's regency was defied by the nobleman Torghva of Pankisi, who attempted to secede in Kakheti, a region entrusted to him by David. Upon the king's return to Georgia, Torghva's courage began to fail and he fell back to his fief of Pankisi. Jikur lured him out with the promise of security, but had him murdered at the instigation of Jigda-Khatun.^[6]

Issue of succession and death

As Jigda-Khatun remained childless, the fact that was a source of great concern for the Georgian nobles, David took, c. 1249, a temporary wife, the beautiful Alan woman Altun, whom he agreed to dismiss after the birth of an heir. Their son, George, was born in 1250, and adopted by Jigda-Khatun. David's union with Altun was repudiated after the birth of a second child, the daughter Tamar. Jigda-Khatun died in 1252, and was buried at the reginal necropolis in Mtskheta.^[7][8] David soon married his third wife, Gvantsa Kakhaberidze.^[7]

Notes

References

• Howorth, Henry H. (1888). History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th century. Part III. London: Longmans, Green, And Co. 

• Javakhishvili, Ivane (1982). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 

• Metreveli, Roin, ed. (2008). "„ასწლოვანი მატიანე“" [Chronicle of A Hundred Years] (PDF). „ქართლის ცხოვრება“ [Kartlis Tskhovreba] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. 

• Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976). Manuel de Généalogie et de Chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie) [Manual of Genealogy and Chronology of Christian Caucasian History (Armenia, Georgia, Albania)] (in French). Rome: Edizioni Aquila.