Jeremias Ziervogel

Jeremias Frederik Ziervogel M.L.A. (26 Apr 1802 - 1882) was a founding member of the Cape Parliament, in which he represented Graaff-Reinet, South Africa, and was prominent in fighting the Eastern Province Separatist League.

Early life

Ziervogel was an orphan, the third son of immigrant parents of Swedish extraction Carl Evald Ziervogel and Anna Maria Auret, his second wife. Jeremias was raised by an aunt in Cape Town and, in spite of his Swedish ancestry, he came to consider himself an Afrikaner.

In 1824, aged 21, he married the 15-year-old Anna Susanna Mare, and the couple had a total of 7 children.

Graaff-Reinet patriarch

After working for a time as a translator and justice of the peace, he settled in Graaff-Reinet where he managed a bank and founded a business. In 1847 purchased the old Drostdy (town-hall) building, which he faithfully restored as the current monument.^[1][2][3]

He went on to become the centre of Graaff-Reinet's public life for the next quarter of a century. His involvement included serving as Commandant of the Graaff-Reinet commando in the 7th Frontier war, Director of the town's bank, Chair of the board of executors, member of the divisional council, on the library committee, founding member of the town's college, first grand master of the Midland Lodge, chair of the town's municipal commissioners, leader of the town's anti-convict association in 1849, and Member of Parliament for the town from 1854 until his retirement from politics in 1873.

Parliamentary career (1854-73)

He was elected to the Cape Parliament when it was established in 1854, and even drafted the original "Standing Rules and Orders" of the new new parliament. His seat in the house famously necessitated a journey of 450 miles across the arid Karoo mountains, from Graaff-Reinet to Cape Town, for every parliamentary session.^[4]

Ziervogel was a vocal champion of the concerns of the Cape's Afrikaner population, to such an extent that some of the English press labelled him as "parliament's chief obstructionist". He was also a strong opponent of any further British imperial expansion in southern Africa. On one notorious occasion on 24 April 1856, his speech angered a pro-imperialist MP to such an extent that the MP in question, Reverend Dr Tancred, violently disrupted the parliament and challenged Ziervogel to a duel on the spot. Ziervogel abhorred violence and rejected the duel, but the incident nonetheless became famous.

Mr Ziervogel played a prominent role in fighting the 1870 move by the British Governor to weaken and reduce the Cape parliament into a powerless council. After a long and bitter struggle the move was finally defeated, and the elderly Ziervogel reportedly ran out of parliament in delight and skipped through the streets "...like a young lamb".^[5]

He also played a very prominent role in fighting the radical "Eastern Cape Separatist League", although it was partially because he abhorred the idea of a division whereby Graaff-Reinet would be ruled by jingoistic Grahamstown. His half-hearted proposal of an alternative three-way division of the country got around this objection of his, but in fact, the separatist league was soon to be quashed.

From the early 1860s, he gave his full political influence in aid to the growing movement for "Responsible Government" in the Cape, becoming a fierce supporter of the movement's leader John Molteno. After a decade-long struggle, responsible government was attained in 1872, finally bringing the country's executive under local democratic control. However Ziervogel opposed the closely allied "Voluntaryism" (separation of church & state) movement, led by Saul Solomon, in spite of it being almost indistinguishable from the responsible government party.

Ziervogel retired a few months after responsible government was attained, although he had been strongly favoured to be in Molteno's first cabinet. A farewell party was held in his honour by his parliamentary colleagues, and in his farewell speech he expressed contentment with the political state of the country and the hope that it would one day be united into a free "United States of Southern Africa".^[6]

The Graaff-Reinet Advertiser commented on his career:

All admired his shrewdness, knowledge and ability, but in some way he came to be looked on as some sort of mystery: no one could tell when he had spoken whether there was not as much kept back as had been uttered; and he never became the political leader his talent entitled him to become ... men could not follow a political sphinx.^[7]

Later life

After leaving parliament he immediately left the country and moved to Pretoria, in the Transvaal, where he worked as a cashier in the Cape Commercial Bank and settled at "Oak Lodge" on Bosman street. This was a most unexpected move, for an elderly man so settled in Graaff-Reinet and central to its life. His motivations for this move remained mysterious.

He died in Pretoria, aged 80, in 1882.^[8][9]

References