Jenkins' shrew tenrec

Jenkins' shrew tenrec (Microgale jenkinsae) is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]

Description

The Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec (microgale jenkinsae) is extremely small, 143-147mm with the tail being 71-81mm .[2] Its fur is extremely dense, with the top of it being tannish-brown with darker flecks from their agouti gene. On the bottom it is a paler grizzled slate-gray.[2] The tail of this Tenrec is dark brown on the top, and much lighter on the bottom.

Habitat/region

The Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec is geographically isolated to the Mikea Region between Morombe and Manobo River in Southwest Madagascar.Jenkins' Shrew Tenrecs are generally found in the forest habitats.The forest of this region grows on sandy soil and in a semi-arid climate with annual precipitation as low as 350 mm. The canopy, which rarely exceeds twelve meters in height, is less tall than that of the forests inland and of those further north.Its habitat exhibits a tropical dry climate with a distinct dry season between May and October. During the wet season, November to April, rainfall may reach 750 millimetres (mm), within a yearly range of 575 mm to 1330 mm. The annual average daily temperature for the region is between 25 °C and 31 °C.[3]

Ecological Threats

The Mikea forest is threatened by both intentional burning for expansion of agricultural lands and unintentional wildfires[3] as well as deforestation for commodity lumber. The overexploitation of trees is a major factor to the ecology of the mike forest because many trees here are in high demand in the construction industry. These trees include, the Malagasy, Givotia madagascariense, Cedrelopsis grevei, and Commifora arofy.[3] All are endemic to Madagascar and the high demand for them in the construction industry threatens the ecology of the Mikea forest directly.

Conservation

The Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec's main threat is habitat loss from wildfires and intentional burning[3] and thus steps must be taken to ensure that the Mikea Forest is not completely lost. It is not currently within a protected area, however, the Mikea Forest is in the process of becoming a protected area. Further research is needed into the population, biology, ecology, range and adaptation to disturbance.[1] Currently research is being conducted to determine possible solutions to minimize deforestation in the region.[4] Organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund are concerned with the conservation of the Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec's habitat because it is also home to a plethora of other species.[5]

Taxonomy/lineage

The Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec (Microgale Jenkinsae) is in the family Tenrecidae. Members of this family "do not have a wide geographic distribution. They are most numerous and diverse on the island of Madagascar, but a few species are also found in western central Africa."[6] Mammals in the tenrecidae family include, "hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, mice and even otters; and members of the family occupy a diverse collection of habitats, including aquatic, arboreal, terrestrial and fossorial,"[6] this is a result of convergent evolution. The family Tenrecidae began 60 million years ago in Madagascar when, "a small mammal, perhaps no more than 5 or 6 g in weight with a primitive body plan and physiology, was washed out to sea from Africa,"[7] and rafted over, much like the original Lemurs of Madagascar. It is still unknown whether others joined this one, or this one was a pregnant female. Madagascar at the time had little to no other mammals on it, except for small mammals that floated over, to compete with the Tenrecs, resulting in adaptive radiation. This process resulted in speciation from the original Tenrec into 34 different species, one of them being the Jenkin’s Shrew Tenrec.[8]

The Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec is part of the Sub-family Oryzorictinae, which consists of tenrecs endemic to Madagascar. Its genus is Microgale, which is a genus of mammals in the Tenrecidae Family. There are 22 living species of Microgale on the island of Madagascar, including the Jenkins' Shrew Tenrec.

Diet

Tenrecs are often referred to as insectivorous, but a more appropriate term is faunivorous, meaning they eat a diverse variety of animals (and not just insects).[9] Most tenrecs eat terrestrial invertebrates, although several species will opportunistically eat other small vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, rodents, and other tenrecs. Some species are known to eat carrion.[9] Despite such similar diets, there have been 14 tenrec species recorded with the same locality and up to 11 shrew tenrecs alone sharing the same habitat. How they partition prey within such an apparently crowded community of small-bodied faunivores remains unknown and has proven to be a challenging question to answer.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Goodman, S. & Jenkins, P. (2008). "Microgale jenkinsae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  2. 1 2 Garbutt, Nick (2007). Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. Yale University Press. p. 56.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Madagascar succulent woodlands". www.eoearth.org. Retrieved 2015-10-29.
  4. ↑ Virah-Sawmy, Anderson, Clark & Haberle, Malika; Gillson, Lindsey; Gardner, Charlie J.; Anderson, Atholl; Clark, Geoffrey; Haberle, Simon (September 8, 2015). "A landscape vulnerability framework for identifying integrated conservation and adaptation pathways to climate change: the case of Madagascar’s spiny forest". Landscape Ecology.
  5. ↑ "Madagascar spiny thickets | Ecoregions | WWF". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
  6. 1 2 Ciszek, Deborah. "Tenrecidae".
  7. ↑ "Tenrecs in Madagascar | IUCN Afrotheria Specialist Group". www.afrotheria.net. Retrieved 2015-10-29.
  8. ↑ Finlay, Sive; Cooper, Natalie (2015-04-30). "Morphological diversity in tenrecs (Afrosoricida, Tenrecidae): comparing tenrec skull diversity to their closest relatives". PeerJ 3: e927. doi:10.7717/peerj.927. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4419542. PMID 25945316.
  9. 1 2 3 Olson, Link E. (November 15, 2012). "Tenrecs". Current Biology 23: R5–R8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
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