Bayshore Freeway

Bayshore Freeway
Route information
Maintained by Caltrans
Length:	56.4 mi[1] (90.8 km)
Major junctions
South end:	US 101 / SR 82 in San Jose
	SR 85 in Mountain View SR 84 in Redwood City SR 92 in San Mateo
North end:	I‑80 in San Francisco
Highway system
United States Numbered Highways List Bannered Divided Replaced State highways in California List Pre-1964 History Unconstructed Deleted Freeway Scenic

The Bayshore Freeway is a part of U.S. Route 101 in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. It runs along the west shore of the San Francisco Bay, connecting San Jose with San Francisco. Within the city of San Francisco, the freeway is also known as James Lick Freeway, named after the California philanthropist. The road was originally built as a surface road, the Bayshore Highway, and later upgraded to freeway standards. Before 1964, it was mostly marked as U.S. Route 101 Bypass, with US 101 using the present State Route 82 (El Camino Real).

Route description

The Bayshore Freeway begins at the Blossom Hill Road interchange on US 101, where SR 82 begins its northwesterly path along Monterey Highway to San Jose. The freeway curves north and northwest, bypassing downtown San Jose to the east, and then curves west-northwest, crossing I-880 and SR 87, the latter just north of the San Jose International Airport. The portion of the highway from San Jose to South San Francisco is relatively straight and flat, running near the west edge of the San Francisco Bay. Junctions here include SR 237 in Sunnyvale, SR 85 in Mountain View, SR 84 in Menlo Park and Redwood City, SR 92 in San Mateo, and the San Francisco International Airport and I-380 in San Bruno. In South San Francisco, the freeway curves northeast around San Bruno Mountain, crossing its east edge at Sierra Point, and then heads north on a causeway across the former Candlestick Cove to the San Francisco city line.^[2]

The San Francisco Skyway over Third Street

In San Francisco, where the road is also known as the James Lick Freeway, it continues north-northwesterly between Bayview Park and McLaren Park, and crosses I-280 at the Alemany Maze. There it curves north-northeasterly around Bernal Heights and then northwest around Potrero Hill, meeting the Central Freeway at the border between the Mission District and South of Market. The Bayshore Freeway ends at the intersection of US 101 and Interstate 80,^[3] which, although signed as Interstate 80, is not officially Interstate 80 until the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. The freeway that goes from US 101 to the Bay Bridge that is signed as I-80 but not officially I-80 is called the San Francisco Skyway.

History

Initial construction

Before the Dumbarton and San Mateo-Hayward Bridges were built across the San Francisco Bay in the 1920s, San Francisco was bottled up at the north end of a long peninsula, with driving south on El Camino Real towards San Jose as the only reasonable alternative to the ferries for crossing the bay. The first of several highways built as an alternate to El Camino Real was the Skyline Boulevard, which was added to the state highway system in 1919. A second route, the Bay Shore Highway (Route 68^[4]), became a state highway in 1923, but only from the San Francisco city limits into San Mateo County, where the Dumbarton Bridge would begin.^[5] Just prior to the start of construction on the Dumbarton Bridge, San Francisco Supervisor Richard J. Welch noted that the Bay Shore Highway would need to be built all the way to San Jose as an escape valve for the additional traffic that the bridge would attract.^[6]

Looking west at the Sierra Point cut in Brisbane, 1929

The state legislature extended the highway in 1925, defining it to run from near the intersection of Army Street (Cesar Chavez Street) and San Bruno Avenue in San Francisco to a point in San Jose. The governor approved the bill with the stipulation that only the portion between the city limits of San Francisco and San Jose would be a state highway.^[7] Construction between South San Francisco and Burlingame had begun by 1924, funded by a $500,000 contribution from San Francisco, and was completed in 1928. A disconnected segment north of San Mateo was built by the state at the same time. It was not until February 1929 that the road was fully paved between San Francisco and Burlingame, and on October 20, 1929 the new highway was officially dedicated to San Mateo,^[6][8][9] several months after the connecting San Mateo-Hayward Bridge opened (at what is now Third Avenue^[10]).^[11] Even then, motorists had to wait until May 7, 1931 to reach Jefferson Avenue in Redwood City (near the west end of the four-year-old Dumbarton Bridge).^[12] The roadway was extended to Oregon Avenue in Palo Alto in mid-1932,^[13][14] Lawrence Station Road in mid-1933,^[15][16] and to Lafayette Street near Santa Clara, across the Guadalupe River from San Jose, by 1934.^[17] The final piece to Oakland Road (13th Street) in San Jose, which was then the main road - Legislative Route 5 and Sign Route 17 - between San Jose and Oakland,^[18] was dedicated on June 12, 1937,^[19] over ten years after the Dumbarton Bridge opened in January 1927.^[20]

The Bayshore Highway was marked as a bypass of US 101 by 1939.

Although the highway was designed and built to what were, at the time, high standards, with a 100-foot (30 m) wide right-of-way in most places, it was accident-prone because it lacked a median barrier.^[6][9] One segment of the so-called "Bloody Bayshore" was "Boneyard Hill", a steep grade through the Visitacion Valley near the San Francisco city line, running past a bone meal plant. Causes of the crashes included turning conflicts at intersections, and speeding drivers crossing the centerline to use the oncoming lanes as a passing lane.^[21][22] The roadway was entirely at-grade except for crossings of rail lines. It generally followed the present alignment of the Bayshore Freeway, but deviated in several places: Old Bayshore Highway in San Jose, Veterans Boulevard in Redwood City, Bayshore Highway in Burlingame, a destroyed section of road through San Francisco International Airport, and Airport and Bayshore Boulevards from South San Francisco through Brisbane into San Francisco. Within that city, the new highway continued three miles (5 km) along the present Bay Shore Boulevard to Army (Cesar Chavez) Street and Potrero Avenue.^[23]

The four-lane Bayshore Highway

When the Bayshore Highway was completed in 1937, U.S. Route 101 signs were moved to it from El Camino Real, and El Camino became U.S. Route 101 Alternate. Businesses along El Camino created the El Camino Real Association to protest the move and resulting loss of business,^[24] and by 1939 the main route had been moved back, with the Bayshore Highway becoming U.S. Route 101 Bypass.^[25] The two routes split in San Jose at the junction of First and Second Streets near Keyes Street, with the El Camino route mostly following the present SR 82 and the Bayshore route using locally maintained Second, Reed, and Fourth Streets to reach the state-maintained Bayshore Highway.^[18][26] In San Francisco, they rejoined at the present location of the Alemany Maze, with the El Camino route following Alemany Boulevard from near the city line; from there US 101 continued north on Bay Shore Boulevard, Potrero Avenue, and 10th and Fell Streets to Van Ness Avenue, meeting the Bay Bridge approach (US 40/US 50) at Bryant and Harrison Streets.^[27] The Bryant/Harrison one-way pair was added to Route 68 (which already included the bridge) in 1937^[28] and removed in 1947 along with the bridge;^[29] in 1961 the new freeway approach became part of Route 68, which was extended back over the bridge to Route 5 at its Oakland landfall.^[30][31]

Construction of an extension to Route 115 (Santa Clara Street, now SR 130) at 30th Street in San Jose began in 1939,^[32][33] and was completed by late 1940.^[34] As with the portion between Fourth and 13th Streets, it was not marked as a numbered route.^[18] The state legislature authorized an extension beyond San Jose back to El Camino Real near Ford Road in 1947,^[29] which was already under construction, and was completed that year.^[35] This was the first segment built with interchanges, and included a median barrier. Despite this, most crossings were at-grade; only the two ends at Route 115 (Santa Clara Street) and regular US 101 included bridges, the former a diamond interchange and the latter a simple split with additional access to Ford Road. It also crossed over Coyote Road, though with no access, just south of the Coyote Creek bridge.^[36] The original 1947 bridge over Coyote Road remains, though widened in 1990, and is one of the oldest road-road grade separations on the present freeway.^[37]

Reconstruction

2014 view of the Bayshore Freeway at Hillsdale Boulevard

By 1940, at the dawn of the freeway era, the state was making plans to convert the Bayshore Highway into a ten-lane Bayshore Freeway between San Francisco and Palo Alto.^[35][38] The first piece built was from Peninsula Avenue at the San Mateo-Burlingame line to South San Francisco. This six-lane freeway, completed in 1949,^[35] followed the existing highway to Broadway in Burlingame, but then took a more inland alignment past the San Francisco International Airport, and crossed the old road at South San Francisco, running just east of it to near the south end of the cut at Sierra Point.^[39] Construction began inside San Francisco in 1950 and was completed in 1958; the new causeway across Candlestick Cove, connecting the completed section in South San Francisco with San Francisco, was dedicated in mid-1957.^[35] In 1951, the state legislature renamed the portion within San Francisco after James Lick, a California pioneer and philanthropist.^[40]

A movement to make the four-lane undivided "Bloody Bayshore" safer all the way to San Jose began in Palo Alto.^[22] As a temporary measure, the state lowered the speed limit, installed traffic signals, closed minor crossroads, and prohibited left turns in places. The community convinced the state to extend the six-lane freeway,^[41] which was completed in 1962.^[35] The freeway continued to end at the old El Camino Real merge near Ford Road until the early 1980s, when the South Valley Freeway was constructed.^[37]

Exit list

Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary (for a full list of prefixes, see the list of postmile definitions).^[42] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.

County	Location	Postmile [37][42][43]	Exit[44]	Destinations	Notes
Santa Clara SCL R28.61-52.55	San Jose	R28.61		US 101 south (South Valley Freeway) – Los Angeles	Continuation beyond SR 82/Blossom Hill Road
		R28.61	378	To SR 82 / Blossom Hill Road, Silver Creek Valley Road
		30.10	380	Hellyer Avenue
		31.00	381	Yerba Buena Road	Southbound exit is part of exit 382
		31.70	382	Capitol Expressway (CR G21)
		33.03	383	Tully Road
		34.55	385A	Story Road	Signed as exit 385 northbound
		34.87	385B	I‑280 north / I‑680 north – San Francisco, Downtown San Jose, Sacramento	Signed as exit 384 northbound; I-680 exit 1B
		R35.76	386A	SR 130 (Alum Rock Avenue) / Santa Clara Street
		R36.14	386B	McKee Road, Julian Street
		37.73	388A	Oakland Road, 13th Street	Former SR 238
		38.30	388	I‑880 (Nimitz Freeway) – Oakland, Santa Cruz, Los Gatos	Signed as exits 388B (north) and 388C (south); I-880 exits 4B-C
		38.80	389A	Old Bayshore Highway	Northbound exit and entrance
		39.29	389B	Brokaw Road, First Street	Signed as exit 389 southbound
		39.93	390	SR 87 south (Guadalupe Parkway)	Southbound exit and northbound entrance; SR 87 north exit 9B
	San Jose–Santa Clara line	40.70	391	Trimble Road, De la Cruz Boulevard – Santa Clara	Signed as exits 391A (Trimble Road) and 391B (De la Cruz Boulevard) southbound
	Santa Clara	41.98	392	San Tomas Expressway, Montague Expressway (CR G4)
		42.73	393	Great America Parkway, Bowers Avenue
	Sunnyvale	43.85	394	Lawrence Expressway (CR G2)
		44.83	395	Fair Oaks Avenue	Signed as exits 395A (north) and 395B (south) southbound
		45.68	396A	SR 237 east / Malthilda Avenue north	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		45.68	396B	Mathilda Avenue south – Sunnyvale	Signed as exit 396A southbound; former SR 85
		46.13	396B	SR 237 east – Alviso, Milpitas	Southbound exit and northbound entrance; SR 237 west exit 3A
		46.13	396C	SR 237 west (Mountain View Alviso Road)	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; SR 237 east exit 3A
	Mountain View	47.01	397	Ellis Street
		47.89	398A	Moffett Boulevard, NASA Parkway	Signed as exit 398 northbound
		48.10	398B	SR 85 south – Cupertino, Santa Cruz	Southbound exit and northbound entrance; SR 85 north exit 24B
		48.60	399A	Shoreline Boulevard – Mountain View	Signed as exit 399 southbound
		48.97	399B	Old Middlefield Way	Northbound exit and southbound entrance
		49.61	400A	Amphitheatre Parkway, Rengstorff Avenue	Signed as exits 400A (Amphitheatre Parkway) and 400B (Rengstorff Avenue) northbound
	Mountain View–Palo Alto line	50.32	400C	San Antonio Road	Signed as exits 400B (north) and 400C (south) southbound
	Palo Alto	52.01	402	Oregon Expressway (CR G3)
		52.17	402	Embarcadero Road
San Mateo SM 0.00-26.11	East Palo Alto	0.89	403	University Avenue (to SR 109)
	East Palo Alto–Menlo Park line	1.87	404	Willow Road (SR 114)	Signed as exits 404A (east) and 404B (west)
	Menlo Park	3.59	406	SR 84 east (Marsh Road) – Dumbarton Bridge	South end of SR 84 overlap
	Redwood City	5.39	408	SR 84 west (Woodside Road) / Seaport Boulevard	North end of SR 84 overlap
		6.62	409	Whipple Avenue – Redwood City
	San Carlos		411	Brittan Avenue	Southbound exit and entrance
		8.40	411	Holly Street, Redwood Shores Parkway – San Carlos
			412	Harbor Boulevard	Southbound exit and entrance
	Belmont	9.55	412	Marine Parkway, Ralston Avenue – Belmont	Former Legislative Route 214
	San Mateo	11.15	414A	Hillsdale Boulevard – Foster City
		11.90	414B	SR 92 – Hayward, San Mateo Bridge, Half Moon Bay	SR 92 exits 13A-B
		11.90	414B	Fashion Island Boulevard	No northbound exit
		12.69	415	Kehoe Avenue	Northbound exit and entrance
		13.46	416	3rd Avenue	Former SR 92
		14.33	417A	Dore Avenue	Northbound exit and entrance
		14.33	417	Poplar Avenue	Southbound exit and entrance
		14.69	417B	Peninsula Avenue – Burlingame	Northbound exit and entrance
	Burlingame		419A	Anza Boulevard	Northbound exit and entrance
		16.58	419B	Broadway – Burlingame
	Millbrae	17.95	420	Millbrae Avenue – Millbrae
	San Bruno	19.12	422	San Francisco International Airport	Southbound exit is part of exit 423A
		R20.39	423A	San Bruno Avenue
		R20.72	423B	I‑380 west to I‑280 – San Bruno	I-380 west exit 6, east exits 6A-B
	South San Francisco	R20.72	423C	North Access Road (I-380 east) – North Cargo Area	Southbound exit is part of exit 423A
		21.69	424	South Airport Boulevard
		21.92	425A	Grand Avenue – Downtown South San Francisco	No southbound entrance
		22.71	425B	Oyster Point Boulevard
			425C	South San Francisco (Airport Boulevard)	Southbound exit and entrance
	Brisbane	23.39	426A	Brisbane, Cow Palace (Bayshore Boulevard)	Northbound exit only
		23.66	426B	Sierra Point Parkway, Marina Boulevard – Brisbane	Signed as exit 426 southbound; southbound exit and entrance are located 1.2 miles (1.9 km) north of northbound exit and entrance
City and County of San Francisco SF 0.00-R4.24		0.03	429A	Tunnel Avenue – Monster Park
		0.77	429B	Third Street – Cow Palace
		1.11	429C	Paul Avenue	No northbound entrance; signed as exit 430A southbound
		1.77	430B	Silver Avenue	No northbound entrance
		1.98	430A	I‑280 north – Downtown San Francisco	Northbound exit and southbound entrance; I-280 south exit 54
		1.98	430A	I‑280 south – Daly City	Signed as exit 431 southbound; I-280 north exits 54A-B
		2.00	431	Alemany Boulevard, Bayshore Boulevard
		2.92	432	Cesar Chavez Street, Potrero Avenue
		4.10	433A	Vermont Street	Northbound exit only
		R4.24	433B	I‑80 east – Bay Bridge, Oakland	Signed as exit 433 southbound; I-80 exit 1A
		R4.24		US 101 north (Central Freeway) – Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Civic Center	Continuation beyond I-80
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi       Concurrency terminus       Incomplete access

References

Route map: Bing / Google