Jacob Philipp Hackert

Jacob Philipp Hackert

Hackert, painted by Augusto Nicodemo, 1797
Born (1737-09-15)15 September 1737
Prenzlau
Died 28 April 1807(1807-04-28) (aged 69)
San Pietro di Careggi, near Florence
Education Akademie der Künste, Berlin
Known for Painting
Movement Classicism
Patron(s) Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Jacob Philipp Hackert (15 September 1737 28 April 1807) was a landscape painter from Brandenburg, who did most of his work in Italy.

Hackert was born in 1737 in Prenzlau in the Margraviate of Brandenburg (now in Germany). He trained with his father Philipp (a portraitist and painter of animals) and his uncle, before going to the Akademie der Künste in Berlin in 1758. Later he traveled to Swedish Pomerania and Stockholm, where he painted murals.

He spent from 1765 to 1768 in Paris with the Swiss artist Balthasar Anton Dunker, where he focused on painting in gouache. He met and was inspired by Claude Joseph Vernet, who was already famous as a painter of landscapes and seascapes, and the German engraver Johann Georg Wille.

Italian landscape, 1778
Arcadian Landscape, 1805

In 1768 Hackert left Paris with his brother Georg, and went to Italy, basing himself mainly in Rome and Naples, where he produced many works for Sir William Hamilton. He travelled all over Italy, gaining a reputation as a talented landscape painter. He became famous everywhere in Europe due to his works for Catherine the Great, the cycle of paintings about Battle of Chesma, and Pope Pius VI.

In 1786 he went to work for Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies in Naples. He advised on the creation of a painting restoration laboratory at the Museo di Capodimonte,suggesting the call from Rome to the court of Naples of the restorer Federico Anders and supervised the transfer of the Farnese collections from Rome to Naples. During this period he acted also as a secret informant of Russia, his contact being the Russian diplomat Andrey Razumovsky.

When Goethe visited Naples in 1786, he and Hackert became friends.

Hackert had settled in a house in Posillipo. The painters Salvatore Fergola and Salvatore Giusti were among his pupils.[1]

In 1799, when Naples was declared the Parthenopaean Republic, Hackert lost much of his royal patronage. He moved to Pisa and then Florence. He bought an estate in San Pietro di Careggi, near Florence, and he died there in 1807 and was buried in the so-called "Dutch garden" of Livorno. His remains were then moved to the actual cemetery of the Dutch-German Congregation.[2]

He never married and lived a good part of his life with one of his brothers but he had affairs with some married women, and from one of them he probably had a daughter.

Goethe wrote the first biography of Hackert in 1811.

Feuerwerk auf der Engelsburg in Rom, 1775

References

  1. Napier, Lord Francis (1855). Notes on Modern Painting at Naples.. West Strand, London: John W. Parker and Son. pp. 67–69.
  2. "German-Dutch Cemetery Ossuary", on Leghorn Merchant Networks Blog, by Matteo Giunti

Bibliography

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