Doctor of both laws

This article is about degree awarded for study in both civil law and church law. For traditional JUDr. degree awarded by Czech law schools, see Juris Utrisque Doctor in the Czech Republic.
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Legislation and Legal System of the Catholic Church
Legal history of the Catholic Church
Canon Law Task Force

A Doctor of Canon and Civil Law, from the Latin doctor utriusque juris, or juris utriusque doctor, or doctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both civil law and church law. The degree was common among Catholic and German scholars[1] of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the Pontifical Lateran University in the State of the Vatican City after a period of six years study, by the University of Wuerzburg, and by the University of Fribourg.

Prior to ca. 1800, people who studied law in Europe, studied canon law, Roman law, and feudal law. These laws were the constituent parts of the Ius commune. The Ius commune was a pan-European legal system that held sway over Europe from approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth century. Graduates earned the decree of Doctor of both laws, because they had to study both canon law and civil law, in order to master the Ius commune.[2]

After his second term as President of the United States, Grover Cleveland was given the J.U.D. as an honorary degree by the Augustinian College of St. Thomas of Villanova (Villanova University) in 1902.[3]

Doctors of Civil and Canon Law

References

  1. Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Ross, G. (1980). Leibniz and Superstition. Delivered to the Northern Association for Philosophy, 26 January 1980. Accessed 29 May 2008.
  2. Pennington, Kenneth. Course Description: Roman Law and the Ius Commune
  3. New York Times (1902). To Honor Mr. Cleveland. New York: New York Times.
  4. John Courtney Murray Citation. http://www.ctsa-online.org/pdf_doc_files/JOHN_COURTNEY_MURRAY_AWARD_2011.pdf
  5. Official Biography. http://archphila.org/offices/Fitzgerald.php

See also

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